NOx Tier III SELECTION, CERTIFICATION & OPERATIONS SHIPOWNERS PERSPECTIVE INTERTANKO TRIPARTITE 2016 TOKYO

NOx Tier III SELECTION, CERTIFICATION & OPERATIONS SHIPOWNERS PERSPECTIVE INTERTANKO TRIPARTITE 2016 TOKYO

NOx emissions limits YEAR OPEN SEA NECA 1 Jan. 2010 Tier I - 1 Jan. 2011 Tier II - 1 Jan. 2016 (keel laid) Tier II Tier III NOx TIER III North American & US Caribbean Sea areas 1 Jan. 2021* (keel laid) Tier II Tier III [North Sea and BalEc Sea]* * North Sea States and BalEc Sea States have submiued separate documents to MEPC 70 requeseng these two Seas becoming NECAS as from 1 Jan 2021 rpm Tier I Tier II Tier III (in NECA only) < 130 rpm 17.0 g/kwh 14.4 g/kwh 3.4 g/kwh 130< rpm < 2000 45 x rpm (- 0.2) g/kwh 44 x rpm (- 0.23) g/kwh 9 x n (- 0.2) g/kwh 2000 < rpm 9.8 g/kwh 7.7 g/kwh 2.0 g/kwh

NOx TIER III NECA Tier III NO x control new ships EEDI for CO 2 control new ships Global lower S % cap for SOx control all ships ECA fuels for stricter SOx control all ship All above impact on Ship and Engine Designs Tier I & II in engine solutions; Tier III requires additional installations Key word: NEW technologies, little tested onboard ships

NO x ReducEon Technologies (courtesy of MAN Diesel & Turbo) Available Methods Possible NO x Reduction 0% 50% 100% After Treatment SCR, HP or LP EGR, HP or LP Primary method Emulsion fuel Water injection Engine tuning Tier III SCR: SelecEve CatalyEc ReducEon System; EGR: Exhaust Gas RecirculaEon System CombinaEon of Methods also being pursued

NOx TIER III There are numerous new aspects to be considered These will present certain challenges to applicants, certifiers and users NOx Technical Code follows an objective driven approach which accommodates Tier III technologies Source: Andy Wright, presentation at IACS GPC/Industry meeting May 2016 INTERTANKO invited Tripartite to also: - discuss how design could accommodate easy and efficient operation - discuss how testing and certification can ensure system is fit for purpose - discuss how much burden and responsibility can be left with the ship crew

NOx TIER III Some questions and issues which need to be discussed: Shipowners or shipyards to chose the type of technology? Is there a list of criteria to make such a choice? A plethora of items which need very careful attention grouped into three main categories: Certification complex matter; a forest of UIs issued for guidance on how to fill in the NOx Technical Code Manufacturing A list of issues still under consideration for both SCRs and EGRs to be further addressed and tested Operations of systems Limited knowledge; no experience

NOx TIER III Some examples on the operational side: Urea (40% solution) quality (ISO 18611), quantities and maintained condition ships supposed to sample & test? Urea dosing rate - automatic trimming of urea injection or ship s crew as per actual conditions? Start-up/in-service/shut down operations necessary to maintain SCR performance guidelines or instructions to follow? If rarely used, would SCR fire up when needed? Catalyst sensigvity to fuel oil sulphur and ash consgtuents / by- pass & waste gate controls Soot blowing p across unit/regeneragon/turbocharger washing Record Book of Engine Parameters / Change- over Record how complex would it be for crew and easy to be understood by PSCO?

Tripartite is invited to NOx TIER III Consider the need of a holistic approach for design, certification and operations of these complex systems. Clarity is needed for conditions on selection of the type of technology by engine type/size & by the fuel intended to be used Clarity for testing, certification, and NOx Technical Code. All these seem very complex, difficult to follow Due to such complexities, ship operators should be assured that certified systems are fit for purpose. Any functional limitations should be clearly indicated. Discuss/plan proper means for training of ships crew for proper operation, maintenance and in particular trouble shooting.