Wheel Alignment And Diagnostic Angles (STE04)

Module 1 Wheel Alignments Wheel Alignment And Diagnostic Angles (STE04) Wheel Alignments o Conditions Requiring An Alignment o Conditions Requiring An Alignment (cont d) o Why We Do Checks And Alignments o Alignment Check o Alignment o Alignment Cautions Pre-Repair And Alignment Checklist o Pre-Repair/Alignment Inspection o Pre-Repair/Alignment Inspection (cont d) o Pre-Repair/Alignment Inspection (cont d) o Recording Pre-Alignment Front Angles o Recording Pre-Alignment Rear Angles Ride Height o Ride Height o Incorrect Ride Height o Measuring Ride Height o Ride Height Measurements o Parts That Affect Ride Height I-CAR Vehicle Prop Assembly Activity o I-CAR Vehicle Prop Assembly o Rear Axle Installation o Camber Assembly o Caster Assembly o Toe Assembly o SAI And Scrub Radius Assembly Module 2 Toe Toe Defined o Toe o Negative Toe o Positive Toe o Uneven Toe o Zero Toe o Toe Measurements o Individual Toe 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 1

o Total Toe o Determining Total Toe Activity o Vehicle Maker Toe Specifications o Pre-Toe Adjustment Considerations o Incorrect Wheel Position o Adjusting Front Toe o Tie Rod/Control Arm Relationship o Tie Rod/Control Arm Relationship (cont d) o Bump Steer o Bump Steer Inspection Toe Activity o I-CAR Vehicle Prop Toe o Diagnosing Incorrect Toe Activity o Diagnosing Incorrect Toe Activity (cont d) Module 3 Camber Camber Defined o Camber o Positive Camber o Zero Camber o Negative Camber o Measuring Camber o Video: Performing An Alignment Check o Camber Specifications o Pre-Adjustment Considerations o Pre-Adjustment Considerations (cont d) o Before Adjusting Camber o Strut Suspension Adjustable Camber o Extreme Strut Camber Adjustments o Adjusting Camber On SLA-Type o Adjusting Camber On Solid Axles o Video: Camber o Specification Manuals o Vehicle Alterations That Affect Camber Camber Activity o I-CAR Vehicle Prop Camber o Diagnosing Incorrect Camber Activity o Diagnosing Incorrect Camber Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Incorrect Camber Activity (cont d) 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 2

o Module Summary Module 4 Caster Caster Defined o Caster o Positive Caster o Excessive Positive Caster o Caster Near Zero o Caster And Projected Vehicle Load o Positive Caster And Spindle Movement o Zero Caster And Spindle Movement o Caster And Tire Wear o Positive Caster When Turning o Camber Roll, Caster, And Tire Wear o Variables Affecting Caster o Measuring Caster o MacPherson Strut And Caster Adjustment o SLA Caster Adjustment o Video: Caster o Solid Axle Caster Adjustment Strut Suspension Pivot Point Locations o Determining Pivot Point Locations SLA Suspension Pivot Point Locations o SLA Upper Pivot Point Locations o SLA Lower Pivot Point Locations Solid Axle Pivot Point Locations o Solid Axle Pivot Point Locations o Diagnosing Caster o Diagnosing Right Side Caster o Diagnosing Left Side Caster o Diagnosing Caster Pull Caster, Camber, and Toe Angle Activity o Caster, Camber, And Toe Angle Activity o Diagnosing Caster, Camber, And Toe Activity o Diagnosing Caster, Camber, And Toe Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Caster, Camber, And Toe Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Caster, Camber, And Toe Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Toe Activity o Diagnosing Camber Activity o Diagnosing Incorrect Toe Activity Module 5 Rear Vehicle Measurements 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 3

Wheelbase o Wheelbase o Wheelbase As A Diagnostic Measurement o Inconsistent Side-To-Side Wheelbase Setback o Setback o Setback (cont d) Tracking o Wheel Tracking o Wheel Tracking Quick-Check Tools o Wheel Tracking Quick-Check Steps o Wheel Tracking Quick-Check Steps (cont d) Thrust Angle o Thrust Angle o Out-Of-Specification Thrust Angle o Incorrect Thrust Angle Causes o Thrust Angle Alignment o Measuring For Thrust Angle Misalignment Rear Axle Offset o Rear Axle Offset o Measuring Rear Axle Offset Rear Angles o Rear Wheel Alignment Angles o Rear Wheel Alignment Angles (cont d) o Rear Wheel Angle Adjustments Tracking Activity o I-CAR Vehicle Prop Tracking o Diagnosing Incorrect Thrust Angle Activity o Diagnosing Incorrect Thrust Angle Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Incorrect Thrust Angle Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Incorrect Thrust Angle Activity (cont d) o I-CAR Vehicle Prop Offset o Diagnosing Incorrect Offset Activity o Diagnosing Incorrect Offset Activity (cont d) o Diagnosing Incorrect Offset Activity (cont d) o Independent Rear Suspension o Incorrect Independent Rear Suspension Activity 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 4

Module 6 Diagnostic Angles Toe-Out-On-Turns o Toe-Out-On-Turns o Video: Toe And Turning Radius o Wheels Do Not Turn Sharp Enough o Incorrect Toe-Out-On-Turns o Video: Measuring Toe-Out-On-Turns Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) o Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) o Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) (cont d) o Function Of SAI o SAI Specifications o No SAI Specifications Available o Identifying SAI o Measuring An Upper Pivot o Measuring A Lower Pivot Point o Causes Of Improper SAI o Excessive SAI o Too Little SAI o Correcting SAI o Adjusting SAI And Camber o Adjusting Strut SAI o Adjusting SLA SAI o How Much Is One Degree? SAI Activity o SAI Diagnosis Activity Included Angle o Included angle o Video: Measuring Alignment Diagnostic Angles o Alignment Diagnostic Angles Discussion Activity o Changing Strut Included Angle At Upper Pivot o Changing Included Angle And Camber o Changing Included Angle SLA o Adjusting On A Solid Axle o Video: Changing Included Angle o Pre-Camber Adjustment Considerations Included Angle Activity o Included Angle Diagnosis Activity o Included Angle Diagnosis Activity (cont d) o Included Angle Diagnosis Activity (cont d) Scrub Radius 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 5

o Scrub Radius o Positive Scrub Radius o Negative Scrub Radius o Incorrect Scrub Radius o Video: Changing Scrub Radius Scrub Radius Activity o Scrub Radius Diagnosis Activity Module 7 Types Of Alignments Types Of Alignments o Two-Wheel Alignments o Thrust Angle Alignments o Four-Wheel Alignment o Sublet Alignments o Post-Alignment Test Drive I-CAR Vehicle Prop Alignment Activity o Total Vehicle Alignment o Total Vehicle Alignment (cont d) o Center The Steering Wheel Check o Measurements Before An Alignment o Toe-Out-On-Turns Test o Total Vehicle Alignment Diagnosis Activity 2003-2015 Inter-Industry Conference On Auto Collision Repair 6