Question: What is an alternative fuel?

Question: What is an alternative fuel?

Answer : The Energy Policy Act definition of an Alternative Fuel cannot have a petroleum (crude oil) base

Question: How many gallons are in a barrel of oil?

Answer : A barrel of oil contains 42 gallons

Question: How many barrels of oil are used in the United States per day?

Answer : 19.5 million barrels of oil are used in the U.S. - per day

Last Question: What percent of the oil is imported in the United States?

Answer : 60% of the oil used in the US is imported

Overview of Alternative Fuels The NEED For Alternative Fuels: In 2011, the U.S. imported 4.1 billion barrels of petroleum accounting for 60% of the U.S. supply. The total cost of those imports was $453.6 billion. That represents an increase in cost of 34.6% over 2010 and an increase of 71.8% over 2009. Source: Pickens Plan $45 Billion Spent On Health Care Related To Air Pollution Source: American Lung Assoc.

Overview World oil production is at or near maximum. When decline begins, shortages will develop & increase until mitigation takes hold more than a decade after it s started. Oil prices will escalate & economic damage will increase. As with any severe problem, there will be opportunities to contribute & benefit.

Oil is a finite, non-renewable resource that is being rapidly depleted. Royal Swedish Academy, October 2005: 54 of the 65 most important oilproducing countries were at or past peak.

Various approaches forecast peaking soon. Hubbert Linearization Production - MM bpd 90 89 88 87 86 Peak 2010-2011 85 84 83 82 81 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Country Studies - Campbell 94 100 Production - MM bpd 92 90 88 86 Peak 2011-2013 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 90 80 70 60 50 2000 2010 2020 2030 Megaprojects -Skrebowski Giant Fields -Robelius

How is world oil production decline likely to hurt? The brief oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 resulted in: Public shock & panic Oil shortages & gas lines Declining stock markets Rising unemployment Increasing interest rates Inflation & recession What s ahead will not be brief.

How It Might Play Out 2-5 years Oil price rises to $ 100s per barrel World oil production Oil Price? Oil production drops at 3-5% per annually Time

Worldwide Crash Program Mitigation of Conventional Oil Production Peaking Impact (MM bpd) 35 25 15 EOR Coal Liquids Heavy Oil 5 0 0 5 10 15 Years After Crash Program Initiation 20 GTL Efficient Vehicles

Alternative Fuels Methanol and Ethanol Biodiesel Electric vehicles Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

Methanol Vehicles Produced from natural gas, coal, residual oil, or biomass Clean burning 10% Horsepower increase Methanol to gasoline storage ratio is 1.7 to 1

Ethanol Vehicles Produced from energy crops and solid waste Clean burning Expensive conversions Ethanol to gasoline storage ratio is 1.4 to 1

Biodiesel _ 100% Domestic _ Made from vegetable oil fueling is the same as with diesel _ Horsepower, torque and mpg similar _ Costs: B100 $1.95 to $4.75 per gallon B20 30 to 40 cents more per gallon

Electric Vehicles Noise and emission level reductions Limited range Requires little maintenance Long recharging time

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Propane) Developed distribution infrastructure Clean burning Reduced vehicle range Good cold weather starting

Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Established distribution infrastructure Clean burning Low fuel and conversion costs CNG vehicles are safe

Advantages of CNG Reduced Exhaust Emissions Large Domestic Resource Extensive Pipeline In Place No Underground Storage Required Higher Octane Ratings Safe To Operate And Maintain

Disadvantages of CNG Added Weight From Cylinders Less Cargo Space Few Fueling Stations Conversion Costs Bi-Fuel Can Not Optimize Both Fuels

Safety Fuel Properties Toxicity Explosion Potential

CNG Vehicles Bi-Fuel Or Dedicated-Fuel Four Primary Components - Fuel Cylinder - Fuel Line - Regulator(s) - Mixer

Major Components of a Compressed Natural Gas System

NGV2-1 Type 1 all steel NGV2-2 Type 2 hoop-wrapped aluminum Comparison of cross section -- 4 cylinder types NGV2-3 Type 3 full-wrapped aluminum NGV2-4 Type 4 Full composite with liner

Want to know more? http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ http://www.cleanfuelsohio.org/ http://www.pickensplan.com/

Thank You! Wm. H. Bill McGlinchey (740) 438-6876 http://www.afvtraining.net w.mcglinchey@att.net