High Penetration of PV in Electricity Grid IEA Task 14 Distribution PV and Incentives in China Wang Sicheng Energy Research Institute, NDRC Oct. 10, 2011 Beijing
PV Industry in China
世界太阳电池发货量 World Solar Cell Shipment (MWp) Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 E China 10 10 50 200 400 1088.0 2600.0 4011.0 10800.0 Europe 135 193.35 314 470 657 1062.8 2000.0 1930.0 3120.0 Japan 251 363.91 602 833 928 920.0 1300.0 1508.0 2200.0 Taiwan 450.0 900.0 1300.0 3400.0 United States 120 103.2 140 154 202 266.1 432.0 595.0 1200.0 ROW 45 73.8 89 102 314 663.1 668.0 1316.0 3280.0 Ttl Total 561 744.26 1195 1759 2500 4000.00 7900.00 10660.00 24000.00 30000 59.1% shared by China mainland + Taiwan; 45% shared by China mainland. PV Cell Shipm ment (MW) 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 Others USA Taiwan Japan EU China 0 Source: PV News 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year
PV Industry Status China Solar Cell Production Share Year 2007 2008 2009 2010(E) World PV Shipment(MW) 4000 7900 10660 24000 China PV Shipment(MW) 1088 2600 4011 10800 China Share(%) 27.2 32.91 37.63 45.0 Range 1 1 1 1 Solar Cell Production of Main Companies PV Co. JA Solar STP YGE TSL CSIQ SOLF 2009 509 704 525 399 326 220 2010 1500 1400 1117 1000 538 550 Y/Y(%) 194.70 98.86 112.76 150.63 65.03 150.00 China Poly-Si Production Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(E) Poly Si Production 300 1100 4729 20357 45000 Demand 4000 10000 25000 40000 89000 Gap 3700 8900 20271 19643 44000 Import (%) 92.5 89 81.1 49.1 49.4
2004-2010 PV Exported and Domestic Installed (MW) Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (E) Annual Prod. (MW) 50 200 400 1088 2600 4011 10800 Annual Ins. (MW) 10 5 10 20 40 160 500 Export (MW) 40 195 390 1068 2560 3851 10300 Exp. Share(%) 80.0 97.5 97.5 98.2 98.5 96.0 95.4 Chinese PV Industry is highly rely on international market. Domestic PV market needs to be opened urgently.
PV Market in China
光伏应用系统的分类 Type of PV Systems
PV Installation in China (2004-2010) Off-Grid Grid-Tied stalled PV (MW) In 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Off-Grid (MW) 8.8 7.4 9 17.8 19 18 25 Grid-Tied (MW) 1.2 1.5 1 2.2 21 142 475 Annual Inst. 10 7.9 10 20 40 160 500 Cumulative (MW) 62.1 70 80 100 140 300 800
Rural Electrification ( 农村电气化 ) Power Supply Construction for Un-electrified Regions, 15MW of PV installed in 2010. Annual demand is about 10-15MW
Weak Point is Batteries Battery Type:Stationary Open-type Lead-Acid, Small Sealed Lead-Acid, Aid Stationaryti Sealed Lead-Acid and Car Battery
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB) VRB --- The Best Partner for Renewable Energy Independent power and capacity High efficiency (>75%) Long lifetime (>20yr, >10000 circles) Deep discharge ability Low self-discharge Fast response Environmental friendly Operation safety
Customized Solutions 10s kw class VRB-ESS Off-grid power supply for remote area Telecom station use 100s kw class VRB-ESS Distributed energy storage in smart grid EV charging station MW class VRB-ESS large scale renewable energy grid connection (wind farm)
Typical Solar Pumps PV Power Range Water Head Flow Rate (Wp) (m) (m 3 /h) 2000 20-50 20-100 1000 10-50 20-50 500 10~20 10~20 Tb Tube Wt Water in Beijing: 4 Yuan/m 3 2000W 水泵 Water Cost of PV Pump:0.1Yuan/m 3 The Cost of Diesel Pump: 0.2 Yuan/m3 1000W 水泵
Communication and Industry Use ( 通信和工业应用 ) 6MW of PV installed in 2010 for industry and communication i utilization. i Annual demand d in this field is about 5-8MW.
PV Products and Distributed Utilization ( 光伏产品和光伏发电的分散利用 ) 6MW of PV installed in 2010 for PV products and distributed utilization. Annual demand in this field is about 5-8MW.
Solar Products
E. Small Solar Powered Appliances Fountain Stove Door light Radio Charger Emergency light Solar light Solar light Torch watch Key chains
Street Light for Villages Configuration: Solar Panel:70-75Wp Battery:12V/80Ah CFL Light:18-20W Pole:4m Controller:12V/10A Daily Working:8h Storage:3 Days
Solar Street light for Main Road Streett Light for Road Solar Panel:140-150Wp Battery:24V/100Ah Sodium Light:35W Pole:6-8m Controller:24V/10A Daily Working:8h Battery Storage:3 Days
Double Lights for Highway Double Lights Solar Panel:170Wp Battery:24V/120Ah Haloid Light:24V/35W Sideway Light:24V/15W Pole:8m Controller:24V/10A 2 Daily Working:8h Battery Storage:3 Days Width of Main Road:18m Width of Sideway:5m
High Brightness LED 1W LED 50W LED 10W LED 100W LED Constant Current Source Input Voltage: DC 9-18V,AC 200-300V Max. Current:1.5A,Max. Power:20W, Accuracy:±2%, Power Factor:> 90% Comparing the Structure of 5mm LED and High power LED
Solar Powered LED Street Light Advantages LED lighting gsource Power supplied by PV modules No pay for electricity No power lines Long lifetime 12m 10m Our product series Lamp 100W, Solar Panel: 200Wp~400Wp, road width 12m Lamp 80W, Solar Panel: 160Wp~400Wp, road width 10m 8m 6m Lamp 60W, Solar Panel: 120Wp~300Wp, road width 8m Lamp 50W, Solar Panel: 100Wp~250Wp, road width 6m
LED Solar Street Lights Cases Solar Road Lights in Beijing (2007) Solar Road Lights in Jilin Province (2008) SolarRoad Lights Project in Sudan (2007) Solar Road Lights installed in Beigong National Park, in Beijing(2009)
Grid-Connected BIPV & BAPV ( 与建筑结合的并网光伏发电 -BIPV 和 BAPV) 190MW of PV installed in 2010 for BIPV and BAPV.
建筑集 成光伏 BIPV
Largest BIPV in China Capacity: 6.68MW Area: 61000 m 2 High-Speed Railway Station High-Speed Railway Station, Hongqiao, Shanghai
BAPV 建筑附加光伏
Grid-Connected PV (LS-PV) ( 并网大型荒漠电站 ) 48 LS-PV plants were installed in 2010 and the capacity is 250MW.
63 LS-PV plants, ranged from 1MW to 20MW, have been installed by the end of 2010. Total capacity in this field is 406MW.
Sanan Opto-electronics built 1MW HCPV Power Plant at Germu, Qinghai Province. 500x HCPV Finished in Sep., 2010
Investor: Gansu Electric Power Investment Co. Technology: Anhui Yingtian New Energy Co. Finished by Jan., 2010 4x LCPV, Finished in Jan., 2010, 50kW for each tracker and 20 trackers in totally.
Innovative Business Model for PV 20MW PV Power Plant at Sheyang, Jiangsu Province PV- Vegetable Field PV - Fish Pool
PV Installation in China (2004-2010) Off-Grid Grid-Tied stalled PV (MW) In 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Off-Grid (MW) 8.8 7.4 9 17.8 19 18 25 Grid-Tied (MW) 1.2 1.5 1 2.2 21 142 475 Annual Inst. 10 7.9 10 20 40 160 500 Cumulative (MW) 62.1 70 80 100 140 300 800
2010 PV Market by Sectors No. PV Market Annual Ins. (MWp) Share (%) Cumulative (MWp) Share (%) 1 Rural Electrification 15 2.9 72.0 8.9 2 3 Communication and Industry Street Lights and other Distr. Products 6 1.2 43.0 5.3 6 1.2 42.0 5.2 4 PV on Buildings 180 37.0 240.0 30.8 5 LS-PV 293 57.77 403.00 49.8 6 Total 500 100.0 800 100.0
Incentive Policies & Government Projects
Government Supported Project (1) Concession Bidding for LS-PV in Western China Sponsored by National Energy Administration (NEA) The First Concession Bidding for LS-PV: Dunhuang 10MW LS-PV plant in March of 2009. 13 companies attended d the bidding China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group (ZGH) won the bid with offered FIT of 1.0928 Yuan/kWh. 2 of 10MW PV power plants were installed by ZGH and Guotou Huajing in 2010. The Second Concession Bidding for LS-PV: Started in June of 2010 for 13 power plants in 6 western provinces. Total capacity is 280MW with 2 of 30MW PV plants and 11 of 20MW PV plants. The FIT offered by the winners is in the range of 0.7288-0.9907/kWh. The concession bidding for LS-PV will continue until the standard FIT comes out.
光伏标杆电价出台 National FIT for PV was released in July, 2011. 1 1.1515 Yuan/kWh for the projects finished before the end of 2011; 2 1.0 Yuan/kWh for the projects finished after Dec. 31, 2011; 2 GW of LS-PV will be installed in western China in 2011.
补贴额 ( 亿元 ) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 中国可再生能源电价补贴统计 电价补贴 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 公历年 The subsidy of FIT to LS-PV is coming from the additional charge to the electricity consumed in whole China. 0.4 cents added to each kwh. 11 billion Yuan can be collected in 2010. Subsidy to RE Power(10 8 Yuan) Year 2006 07.10-08.06 2008(7-12) 2009(1-6) 2009(7-12) 2010(1-9) Wind 2.266266 14.78 68.425 Biogas 0.247 19.668 3.8 29.927 36.601 16.103 PV 0.001 0.023 0.459 Biomass Power 0.001 1.409 2.178 2.609 2.954 Off-Grid PV 0.076 0.204 0.17 0.241 0.301 0.451 Grid Connect 0.012 0.127 0.576 1.156 1.539 3.742 Total 2.603 19.998 20.757 33.501 41.049 92.134 Annual Subsidy Required Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2.603 26.667 40.514 74.550 122.845 160.000 That is already not enough to cover the subsidy to wind, biomass power and PV.
Government Supported Project (2) PV Buildings (BIPV & BAPV) Sponsored by Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Housing and Urban- Rural Development of China (MHURDC) First Phase: Started in March of 2009; 111 projects with total capacity of 91MWp; Subsidy for BIPV: 20 Yuan/Wp to the capital investment; t Subsidy for BAPV: 15 Yuan/Wp to the capital investment. Total subsidy is about 1.27 Billion Yuan. Second Phase: Started in Apr., 2010; About 99 projects, 90.2MW; Subsidy for BIPV: 17 Yuan/Wp to the capital investment; t Subsidy for BAPV: 13 Yuan/Wp to the capital investment. Total subsidy is about 1.195 Billion Yuan. Total Approved PV Power: 300MW Third Phase: Started in Jan., 2011; 10MW is the applied cap for each province; Subsidy: 50% for the PV modules and inverters and 6 Yuan/Wp for system integration; Mainly focus on BIPV and total approved capacity is around 120MW.
Government Supported Project (3) Golden-Sun Demonstration Project Sponsored by Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST), NEA, MHURDC and National Grid Company First Phase: Started at the end of 2009; Approved 98 projects with PV capacity of 201MW; Subsidy: 50% for grid-connected projects and 70% for off-grid projects. Second Phase: Approved 50 projects with total 272MW in Oct., 2010; All these project will be finished within one year; At least 1GW of PV will be installed per year since 2012 announced by Ministry of Finance. Third Phase: Approved 140 projects with 690MW totally in capacity; 9 Yuan/Wp subsidy to C-Si module systems and 8 Yuan/Wp for the system using thin films; Projects must be finished within one year. Total Approved PV Power: 1.2GW.
Future PV Market in China (2010 2015-2020) PV Baseline Target in China (GW) Market Sector 2010 2015 2020 Rural Electrification 0.075 0.5 3.0 Communication & Industry 0.042 0.3 1.0 PV Commercial Products 0.040 0.2 1.0 BIPV & BAPV 0.256 3.0 20.0 LS-PV 0.387 5.0 20.0 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) 0.0 1.0 5.0 Total 0.80 10 50 Annual Installation(20GW):1-2GW (2011-2015), 3-5GW (2016-2020). Annual Installation(30-50GW):1-2GW (2011-2015), 5-10GW (2016-2020)
谢谢! Thank You Very Much!