Recent development of liquid biofuels in the European Union 14 July 26 Sofia Jean-Marc Jossart
Content - Directives 23/3 and 96 - Biomass Action Plan - EU strategy for biofuels -BIOFRAC andebtp -Standards - Overview of market developments
Directive 23/3 Objectives : 2% in 25 5,75% in 21 National indicative targets and reports Review of the directive by the end of 26 Directive 23/96 Minimum taxes on diesel, gasoline, etc. Possible reduction for 6 years No overcompensation
Figure 1 - Market share of biofuels in EU member states, 23 (energy content, %) Sweden Germany Czech Republic Spain France EU Italy Poland Latvia Slovak Republic Finland Austria UK Netherlands Malta Slovenia Portugal Luxembourg Lithuania Ireland Hungary Greece Estonia Denmark Cyprus Belgium.21.14.1.6.3.3.2.5.49.6.68.76 1.32 1.18 1.12 Source : EC - DG TREN
National indicative targets for biofuel market share in EU member states, 25 (% ) Sweden Czech Republic (assuming linear path to 26 target) Austria Germany Spain France Latvia Slovak Republic Portugal Lithuania Estonia Belgium EU Italy Cyprus Greece Slovenia Poland Hungary (.4 to.6) UK Malta Finland Ireland Netherlands (2% target for 26) Luxembourg (assumed) Denmark,7,65,5,4,3,3,1,6 1 1 1,4 3 2,84 2,5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Source : EC - DG TREN
National indicative targets for biofuel market share in EU member states, 21 (%) Sweden Slovakia Poland Netherlands Luxembourg Lithuania Latvia Greece Germany France Belgium Austria Czech Republic 5.55 Slovenia 5 Hungary UK (assuming 5:5 ethanol:diesel split) 3.5 4 Source : EC - DG TREN Italy 2.5
Incentives Fiscal advantage : 25 64 c /l biodiesel, 29 75 c /l ethanol (FR, DE, IT, AT, PO, SP, SE, UK, BE) Based on market or through call for tenders (FR, BE) Future biofuels obligations?
Biomass for electricity Biomass Action Plan COM(25)628 Objectives (Mtoe) Total 149 Additional + 8 + 18 19 1 Total 69 + 27 75 48 + 35 2 55 48 TWh 174 TWh 23 21 Liquid biofuels Biomass for heat
Biomass Action Plan COM(25)628 Revision of the biofuels directive Encourage second generation biofuels Public procurement of clean vehicles Biofuels CO2 reduction targets for cars Balanced approach for imports Amend the biodiesel standard (type of oil, ethanol) Review the fuel quality directive (VP - ethanol, % biodiesel) Communication
EU Strategy for Biofuels COM(26)34 7 policy axes 1. Stimulating demand 2. Capturing environmental benefits 3. Developing the production and distribution of biofuels 4. Expanding feedstock supplies 5. Enhancing trade opportunities 6. Supporting developing countries 7. Supporting research and development
BIOFRAC and European Biofuels Technology Platform Biofuels Research Advisory Council : Vision for 23, demand, resource, supply 25% biofuels by 23 Roadmap : 1st generation 2nd generation Integrated refinery concept Creation of European Biofuels Technology Platform (June 6)
Standards
Standards CEN TC 19 New Fuels Coordination Group CEN TC 19 WG21 Spécifications Essence CEN TC 19 WG24 Spécifications Diesel CEN TC 19 WG25 Spécifications EMAG pour Mazout Autres WG Méthodes Task Force Ethanol Spécifications éthanol Task Force FAME Spécifications EMAG
Standards Existing EN 59 for diesel, 5% biodiesel allowed EN 228 for gasoline, 5% ethanol allowed EN 14214 for biodiesel E85 treated separately (CWA 15293) Priorities for future Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester - FAEE (inside EN14214) Revision of EN59 for 1% biodiesel Ethanol 1% (depending on dir 23/17) Later : BTL, B>1, PPO
Market development ~ 7 plants biodiesel ~ 3 plants éthanol ~ 8 plants ETBE
Market development Biodiesel 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 EU-25 EU-25 EU-15 EU-15 EU-15 EU-15 1998 2 22 23 24 25 Source EBB Allemagne France Italie Autres UE-25 Total UE-25
Market development Biodiesel In Germany biodiesel is used pure by captive fleets, through 2 pumps, and in blending (< 5%) In France half of the refineries are incorporating biodiesel (< 5%). Busses in 3 cities are fuelled with 3% biodiesel blends.
Market development Ethanol et ETBE 3 plants have started ethanol production in Germany in 25, for example in Zeitz, 3 m 3 /year Flexi-fuels vehicles (can run on 85% ethanol) have started market penetration in Sweden (15 units). Projects for Germany and France In Sweden, 3 pumps are distributing Ethanol 85%
Market development Pure vegetable oil In Germany more than 2 small units are producing rapeseed oil for direct use in modified engines
Market development Biogas In Sweden biogas starts its development with 6 gas tank stations
Thanks for your attention jossart@ecav.ucl.ac.be