IH 2 Technology: Hydrocarbon Fuels from Bio-Waste An Integrated Energy-Environmental solution Biofuels and Bioenergy: Enablers for Reducing Oil Import Dependence organised by Petrofed, New Delhi, May 2016 Dr. C.S. Laxmi Narasimhan, FRSC General Manager, STCB Dr Alan Del Paggion, VP-Upstream & Renewables, CRI USA Integrated Hydropyrolysis & Hydroconversion IH 2 is a registered trademark of GTI 5/11/2016 1
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IH 2 Technology An Overly Simplified View A highly flexible self-sufficient continuous catalytic thermo-chemical process invented by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and jointly developed with CRI to which CRI have acquired exclusive license rights. IH 2 technology takes only minutes to achieve what Nature requires millions of Cellulose years to Uses catalysts, hydrogen and heat in proven refinery hardware to cost effectively 1 convert forestry, agricultural and sorted municipal wastes into fungible hydrocarbon transportation fuels petrol, kero and diesel together with char, fertilizer, water and CO 2. 1 1.50-3.50 USD/gallon FPMC; 160-400MM Capex 500 tonne/d standalone - 2000 tonne/d integrated; No RINs, no credits included Heat 400C +H 2 catalyst But it does her one better by providing refined fuel -H 2 O Molecules Are Identical to Those in Fossil Fuels 5/11/2016 3
BROAD RANGE OF FEEDSTOCKS DROP-IN FUELS, BLEND STOCKS IH 2 : the difference Hydrogen can make The IH 2 technology is a catalytic thermochemical process that converts biomass directly to high purity hydrocarbon fuels and/or blend stocks with GHG reductions >65% & High energy content recovery (~70%) in all configurations, and it is cost effective at small scale (<1000 t/d). FEED Municipal Waste (up to 15% plastic) PROCESS SELF-SUFFICIENT IN H 2, LOW CAPITAL COST Feed conditioning sizing, drying & feeding PRODUCTS Distilled Hydrocarbons Biogenic CO 2 Crop Residue Wood/Forest Residue Energy Crops Algae HYDROPYROLYSIS in fluidized bed! Renewable H 2 Separation HYDROTREATING in fixed bed LOW PRESSURE, NO CORROSIVE INTERMEDIATES, COMMERCIAL PROCESS ELEMENTS High Pressure Steam Clean Water Fertilizer BioChar April 2016 4
1 st Stage Reactor Hydropyrolysis Light Gas IH 2 Process (Simplified) MSW Sorting, Drying, Sizing, Pelletisation Renewable H 2 SMR Exports Biogenic CO 2 High Pressure Steam BioChar Hydrocarbon Fuel NH 3 Fertilizer Concentrate S Fertilizer Cyclones Gas Clean Up Sized & Dried/Pelletised Lock Hoppers BioChar Removed 2 nd Stage Reactor Hydroconversion Phase Separation Water Water Clean Up Distillation Gasoline Jet Diesel BioChar 5/11/2016 5
Greenfield Process 3D Render 5/11/2016 6
1 st Stage Reactor Hydropyrolysis Light Gas Refinery, Hard Assets Integration H 2 SMR Bulk Operations Gas Clean Up Cyclones Sized & Dried Lock Hopper s BioChar Removed 2 nd Stage Reactor Hydroconversion Phase Separation Water Water Clean Up Distillation Gasoline Jet Diesel BioChar 5/11/2016 7
Heat LP Steam or Power LP Steam / Power Char Paper Mill, Hard Assets Integration Char Boiler/ Co-Gen Power to grid Wood Yard Handling, storage, chipping, drying, hammer milling LP Steam / Heat Biomass Feedstock Fuel 90 gal/ton MAF 65% gasoline/ 35% diesel Chips Paper Process Digestion, refining, washing, paper machines Multiple uses for low-grade heat or power Paper 5/11/2016 8
Sugar Mill, Hard Assets Integration Cane Trash/ Sugar Cane Tops Sugar Cane Sugar Factory Enhanced Energy Integration Sugar Molasses Bagasse Hot water Char Fuels Boiler LP Steam Co-Gen HP Steam Sale to grid 5/11/2016 9
Product Quality Evolution via New Catalysts Catalysts alone improve product fuel quality from wood at Lab Scale Total Liquid Product 1 st Gen Catalysts Total Liquid Product 2 nd Gen Catalysts Gas/Jet/Diesel Product 3 rd Gen Catalysts Jet/Diesel Product 4 th Gen Catalysts Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Water Water 4Q09 R5 3Q10 R25 2Q12 R60+ 1Q14 R100 10
Feed and Products Agri & MSW 5/11/2016 11
Products from 4 th Generation Catalysts Finished gasoline (left), Finished diesel (middle) and water product (right) all produced using CRI 4 th Generation catalyst systems 5/11/2016 12
Current IH 2 Process Fuel Quality US - Gasoline Meets ASTM D-4814-10b 86 Octane w/ E10 S < 10-ppm Fully renewable RBOB EU Petrol EN 228: Petrol Jan 2009 RON 87 vs 95 S ~10-ppm Blend Stock World-wide Civil Jet Fuel Grade Meets global Jet A-1 specs analyzed to date S < 2-ppm Freezing Point BDL No napthalenes Low aromatics SPK Ability to allow aromatics US - Diesel Meets ASTM D-975-11 Cetane Number 44 S < 10-ppm EU Diesel EN 590:2009+A1:2010 Cetane Number 48 S <15-ppm Blend Stock 5/11/2016 13
Focus Karnataka Through Examples Agricultural Waste Example: *7.9 Million tonnes/a Municipal Waste Example *1.56 million tonnes/a Total waste for all districts 3.9 0.7 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 28wt% 0.6 million tonnes/a total biomass component 28wt% Bagasse Rice Cotton Ragi+Jowar Maize Others 2.1 million tonnes/a transportation fuel 0.16 million tonnes/a transportation fuel * TERI Report 2012IB09 14
Focus India Through Examples Agricultural Waste Example: *199 Million tonnes/a Municipal Waste Example *60 million tonnes/a 41 6 76 24 25 37 28wt% Bagasse Rice Cotton Wheat Maize Others 55.7 million tonnes/a transportation fuel 36.6 million tonnes/a 28wt% 10.3 million tonnes/a transportation fuel *Internal Shell Report 2013 15
Reduce GHG emissions & Dependency on Petroleum imports CASE I- CURRENT STATUS CO 2 + Toxic gases 200 million tonnes of waste biomasswastefully incinerated in India Generates large CO 2, and other pollutants 80 million tonnes per year imported CASE II- IH 2 OUTLOOK Potential to reduce petroleum imports by four times Potential to produce 60 million tonnes per year Reduced CO 2 emissions Date 5/11/2016 20 million tonnes per year imported 16
Positive Impact for India Swatch Bharat, Energy Independence & Make in India IH 2 process provides farmers, municipalities and the energy sector with a cost effective means to: Meet growing energy demands with local resources Reduce overall dependence on imported energy Meet policy obligations Create jobs 1, stimulate domestic investment Stimulate foreign investment Create distributed rural fuel production or Liquify biomass for centralized upgrading Monetize urban/rural wastes Reduce carbon footprint and reduce particulates 2 1 In addition to 55-62 direct jobs created on site, up to another one hundred indirect jobs could be created in the area of feedstock cultivation, harvesting, transport, fuel transport, sales and equipment manufacturing as most clients will purchase hardware locally. 2 Converting wastes directly to CO 2 versus landfilling where a portion will produce CH4 a 20x more potent GHG. Also, converting agri residues to fuel vs burning in field reduces particulates. 17
Road Map to Deployment in India Create / enhance biomass pre-treatment facilities at source for shipment Sorting, drying, sizing and pelletization Demonstration of IH 2 Technology Q1 2017 Commercial scale IH 2 Technology- 500-1000 tonne/day - subsequently When technology is proven, transition to local fabrication Make in India Biomass feed stock diversity marketing and management Talent Development: Engineers/ Scientists (Chemists, Biologists)/ Plant Technicians will be required to take forward this technology for a variety of applications 5/11/2016 18
Dollars Risked Status India is the home for the Shell demonstration unit and a contender for first commercial deployment of IH 2 technology. CRI is also deploying in North America, Northern and Western Europe, ANZAC, SE Asia and China Prove the Reliability & Profitability Prove the Engineering & Hardware 2,000L/day 3D IH 2-5000 200,000L/day 3D IH 2-500tpd 0.02L/day Bangalore EE 2 nd Stage Test Prove the Science 1L/week Bangalore MBU 20L/day Chicago IH 2-50 Pilot Plant Scale 5/11/2016 19
IH 2-50 C4+ Liquids Production 2012-2015 400 2600 990 800 5/11/2016 Total 4790 20
Architect s View of NTC Bengaluru 5/11/2016 21
IH 2 5 tonne/day Process Demo (Simplified) Goals of NTCB Showcase Plant Technology demonstration Continuous technology improvement Generating fuel for trials and certification 5/11/2016 22
Alliance Partners Process design, process assurance, intellectual property rights, MBU (0.5kg/hr semi continuous) and IH 2-50 pilot (50kg/d continuous) scale testing. www.gastechnology.org Experimental fluidization dynamics, cold flow modeling, solids handling. www.psri.org Exclusive FEED provider for the IH 2 process at commercial scale. Supplier of reformer technology for 1000 tonne/day and above. www.kbr.com Suppliers of wood yard technology and biomass drying/sizing www.andritz.com www.astecindustries.com Exclusive FEED provider for the IH 2 process at 5mt/d feed and below. Turnkey provider of Bangalore MBU and EEFB units, GTI IH 2-50. www.zeton.inc Supplier of reformer technology for 500 tonne/day plants and below www.lindeengineering.com Hydrocarbon fuel specifications, qualifications, process safety and design considerations, demonstration unit funding and site host, etc www.shell.com Financial support. www.energy.gov/eere/ Engine testing partner to perform required emissions and engine testing www.swri.org Solids handling experts, lock hopper designs www.jenike.com www.thomasandmuller.com Regulatory agency for D-code pathways, emissions guidelines, etc. Consent needed prior to sale of IH 2 fuels in US. www.epa.gov LCA support, Prof Shonnard www.mtu.edu 5/11/2016 23
Thank You! 5/11/2016 24