Final Major Project Sketchbook

UFO Golden Eagle Kite Angels Flight Raven Concorde Falcon Owl Chinese Sky Lanterns Blimp/Airship Helicopter Hot Air Balloons

U.F.O. Band: Elo ( Electric light Orchestra) CD/vinyl cover Flying Saucers Poster of The Steven Speilberg film Close encounters of the third kind back in 1976

Birds Eagle Raven Owl Falcon

Creatures Griffin Dragon Pegasus Angel

Objects Chinese Sky Lanterns Kite Australian Aboriginal Boomerangs

Flying Machines Helicopter Concorde Blimp/Airships Passenger Plane

The History of Blimps and Airships Since: 17th century-present day In 1784, General Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier designed an elliptical airship that was about 260 feet (79 meters) long. It was to be powered by three hand-cranked propellers, which required the labor of 80 men. Meusnier s design was never built. In 1850 Pierre Jullien of Villejuif, demonstrated a New and Innovative model of the airship at the Paris Hippodrome. The airship s rudder, elevator, and gondola were mounted under the front part of the balloon. A clockwork motor that drove two airscrews mounted on either side of a center line propelled the airship. A light wire frame stiffened by a truss maintained the bag s form. Jullien was onto something that another man would leverage.

Jules Henri Giffard, a French engineer and inventor, took note of Jullien s design. He built the first full-size airship. The first airship to return to its starting point was a vast improvement over earlier models. Charles Renard and Arthur C. Krebs, inventors and military officers in the French Army Corps of Engineers, built an elongated balloon, La France. A battery-powered electric motor propelled La France. The motor drove a four-bladed wooden tractor propeller that was 23 feet (7 meters) in diameter. The airship also had a rudder and elevator, ballonnets, a sliding weight to compensate for any shift in the center of gravity, and a heavy guide rope to assist in landing. The first flight of La France took place on Aug. 9, 1884. Renard and Krebs landed successfully at the parade ground where they had begun a flight of 5 miles (8 kilometers) and 23 minutes in which they had been in control throughout. In 1884 and 1885, La France made seven flights.

The first distinctly rigid airship was built by German David Schwarz in 1895. His successful design advanced and led to the creation of the Zeppelin. Their development gave Germany an advantage at the start of World War I. It was Germany s successful use of the zeppelin for military reconnaissance missions that spurred the British Royal Navy to create its own airships while they did not want to copy the Germans. These airships were used to successfully Locate German submarines and were classified as British Class B airships. This could possible that this is where the term blimp originates Class B plus limp or non-rigid. In 1898 the first passenger-carrying non-rigid airship was invented by Alberto Santos Dumount, who was a citizen of Brazil living in Paris. Under a sausage-shaped balloon with a ballonet or collapsible air bag inside, Dumount connected a propeller to his motorcycle s engine. He used both air and hydrogen, not helium, to lift the blimp.

During the 1920s and 1930s, Britain, Germany, and the United States focused on developing large, passenger-carrying airships. The United States primarily used helium to give their airships lift in contrast to Britain and Germany. The United States banned the exportation of helium to other countries, forcing Germany and Britain to use the more volatile hydrogen gas. Many of the large airships using hydrogen as opposed to helium met with disaster, and due to such large losses of life, the Era of the large passenger-carrying airship came to an abrupt end. After the rigid airship disasters of the 1920s and 30s, the United States as well as other countries refocused their attention on the non-rigid airship as a scientific/military tool. Aerial surveillance became the most common and successful use of the blimp. In the 1940s and 50s, blimps were used as early warning radar stations for merchant fleets along the eastern seaboard of the United States. They were also used and are still used in scientific monitoring and experiments. Although as a company it no longer makes airships, Goodyear is a name sononymous with the manufacture of blimps. Unlike any other airship manufacturer, GoodYear has manufactured 300 blimps, during the first half of the 20th century. Goodyear blimps were primarily used by the U.S. Army and Navy for aerial surveillance. Goodyear Blimp Present day Today, non-rigid airships are known more for their marketing power than for their surveillance capabilities. Blimps have been used commercially in the United States since about 1965. Since blimps can hover over one space with very little noise disturbance, they are excellent mediums for advertising at large events outdoors. The use of the night billboard on blimps has been quite an advertising fad. The sign is a matte of multicolor incandescent lamps permanently fixed to the sides of the airship envelope, and it can be programmed to depict different messages. Originally, the signs were developed by electromechanical relay. Now they are stored on tape, developed by composing equipment on the ground, which are fed into an airborne reader. The taped information is played back through a computer to the lamp driver circuits. The displayed messages can be seen over long distances. In the late 1980s, the use of blimps in advertising exploded. Its popularity does not seem to have let up.

A Present day Good Year Blimp an Early 1950 s Good Year Blimp

Blimps and Airships in the science Museum Early Blimps and Airships in the Science Museum

I drew this early sketch drawing of a few of the Blimps and Airships from the Science Museum in South Kensington. I drew this early hot air balloon at the Science Museum in South Kensington.

The Early Blimps and Airships

Blimps/Airships from the first half of the 20th century

Modern and Present day Blimps and Airships

Posters of Blimps and Airships

The Science museum posters

Inspirational Video Game and film posters

Book/Album covers

These thumbnail sketches which I drew were based on blimp and airships.

The Scamp Drawings

I drew this picture as a way of experimenting with the Shard but since It was meant as a rough drawing I did not colour it in. It may look slightly complicated but it was quite easy to draw.

I drew this picture of an airship,cityscape and Big-Ben with an Oil pastels/ pastels to create a contemporary appeal to the audence which is the same as the posters I create.

What went well? su- I think everything on my first flight poster went perbly well including the Gradient tools which some how blends in flawlessly well with the poster. What did not go so well Creating the shapes of the buildings and cityscapes. I would put more detail if I had to do it again. Air-eXhibition The History of Blimps and Airships 1 OCTOBER 5 NOVEMBER 2016 SOUTH KENSINGTON www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/blimpsandairships

Almost eveything went according to plan with this poster. Air-exhibition 1 NOVEMBER 31 DECEMBER 2016 What did not go so well was using the red background as a border for the rest of the second poster because it was hard to fit in some of the text and to place the entire picture right at the centre of it. There are some aspects I would change if I was to do the second poster again I would put more detail and depth in making the clouds and make them in completely different shapes each and I would also put more depth in the buildings and cityscapes. The History of Blimps and Airships AT THE 1 Charlie Chaplin Walk London SE1 8XR www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/blimpsandairships/imax Follow us

Everything went well except ajusting the circular lines for the IMAX Camera. Air-exhibition The History of Blimps and Airships If I was to do the third poster again I would change my Illustration of the flames and the smoke and add more detailed and sofisticated effects and gradient tools for the fire and smoke. 1 NOVEMBER 31 DECEMBER 2016 www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/blimpsandairships/imax Follow us

The fourth and final poster was also very easy for me to create and like the rest of my previous posters in this project they were inspired by a variety of things I have researched and that s why the fourth and final poster was very quick and easy to create all except for the Man in the poster where I had to adjust the drawing itself. If I was to change anything on the fourth and final poster I would do add more realistic detail to my drawing of the man. 1 NOVEMBER 31 DECEMBER 2016 Air-eXhibition The History of Blimps and Airships Follow us www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/blimpsandairships/imax