Green and Inclusive Urban Transport ATF 2015 AfDB Transport Forum Stefanie Holzwarth Urban Mobility Unit Urban Basic Services Branch UN-Habitat
The Global Urban Context Cities today occupy approximately only 2% of the total land, however: Economy GDP 70% Energy Consumption > 60% GHG emissions 70% Global Waste 70% World Urban Population 54.5% Achievements on green growth will depend on how we will manage and guide urban transport Cities are where the battle for sustainable development will be won or lost (HLP 2013)
African Cities need to prepare for growth Massive urban population growth in the next decades URBAN POPULATION, WORLD AND WORLD REGIONS, 1980-2050 Short-term, reactive approaches are not enough to manage growth Cities that prepare for urbanization challenges are more able to transform them into sustainable opportunities This entails planning at a sufficient scale so as to deal with challenges proactively
Todays Challenge Urban Sprawl Low-density, dispersed, single-use, car dependent built environments waste energy, land and other resources and divide people by race, ethnicity and income/wealth (GRHS 2013 : Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility, citing Ewig, Burchell, Mukerjee and Tsai) Development of the built-up area in Dar essalaam, 1978 and 2001 (Lupala, 2012)
Declining Density in most African Cities - Urban Sprawl at the fringe - Physical segregation of wealthy/poor
Urban Density and transport-related energy consumption For each 1% growth in the city-core instead of in the suburbs, approximately 5 million Mt of CO2 per capita are avoided. Source: GRHS 2013: Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility, citing Kenworthy, 1989, Lefevre 2009
Rising Motorization low vehicle occupancy If you only were a car http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/oica-francfort-2013ok.pdf
If you build for cars you will get cars (and traffic ) Let s start putting people and not combustions engines in the heart of our transport planning DEAD END Need for a People- Centered Approach
Improving accessibility while reducing congestion and emissions Reduce the need to travel through proximity A mixed-use development near a transport can reduce per capita car usage Prioritize public transport and NMT After the pioneering work in Curitiba, Bus Rapid Transit integrated with NMT, and a city-wide NMT network has been recognized as a successful approach Electric Mobility E-Mobility offers a zero-emission strategy when run on renewable energies. However, charging infrastructure is needed. 9
Example 1: SUSTRAN East Africa - Integrated Sustainable Transport Projects Preparing for continued urban growth now provides the opportunity to avoid mistakes made by other cities already further along in their development paths. Supporting the design and implementation of integrated sustainable transport projects in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi Strategic Response Upgrade transit systems - Introduce BRT Implement improved non-motorized transport infrastructure Integrate transport modes Apply travel demand management Reduce growth in private motorise d vehicles Potential Direct Global Environmental Benefit: Reduction of 2.5 Million Ton Co2e 10
Example 2: Urban Electric Mobility Initiative Pledge between Supply Side & Demand Side Industry : Increase the global market share of EV in cities to reach at least 30% by 2030. Cities/ Governm.: By 2030, EVs will form 30% of the fleet of light duty vehicles (LDV), plying in their cities. Multilateral Dev. Banks: Increase their investments to support cities in attaining the goal of 30% of the LDV fleet being comprised of EVs. 11
Projections of Energy Source for Mobility International Energy Agency: Light-Duty Vehicle Evolution Evs are on the rise Source: http://www.nachhaltigwirtschaften.at/e2050/results.html/id6753 Region has vast untapped renewables potential; make use of local resource endowments; potential for e-mobility 12
Example 3: NMT Audit & NMT Improvement Plan A104 corridor (BRT) Around BRT corridor First and last mile connectivity Recommendations for Action Safe, city-wide NMT networks needed Preparing bankable projects Physical survey Final design
Green modes tend to be inclusive modes African cities walk and use the bus! Promote & Improve these modes!
Inclusive transport. Make it safe: - NMT users are most vulnerable road users - Safety of women, children - Standardized guidelines needed
Inclusive transport. Make it accessible: - Key word: universal design guidelines - Participatory planning - Accessibility for groups in vulnerable situations
Inclusive transport. Make it affordable: - Cost-Benefit analyses (more than ticket fare )
Possible Actions ahead Promote Public Transport integrated with Non-motorized Transport and Park&Ride facilities; city-wide NMT Introduce measures to reduce car dependency (parking charges, car restrictions etc.); Promote innovative transport solutions (car pooling, bicycle sharing, electric vehicles based on renewables); Improve travel demand forecasting and emissions modeling capability for people-centered transport planning; Breaking the silo : Integrate urban mobility with other aspects of city development, including land use; Ensure equity, accessibility and affordability particularly for vulnerable groups in all transport interventions. 18
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