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Percent Figure 1 100 80 Percentage of Children and Youth Ages 0 to 24 years old Using Seat Belts or Restraints, Selected Years, 1994-2013 82 88 82 78 89 91 81 80 89 83 60 40 20 53 50 69 16 to 24 years old 8 to 15 years old 0 to 7 years old 0 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 Sources: Data for 1994-2000: Bondy, N. & Glassbrenner, D. (2001). National Occupant Protection Use Survey: 2000 Controlled Inter section Study. DOT HS 809 318. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/809318.pdf. Data for 2002-2009: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2010). Occupant restraint use in 2009: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey, Controlled Intersection Stu dy. DOT HS 811 414. Available at: http://www -nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811414.pdf. Datafor 2010-2011: Pickrell, T. M., & Ye, T. J. (2013). Occupant Restraint Use in 2011: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 6 97). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811697.pdf. Data for 2012: Pickrell, T. M. (2014). Occupant Restraint Use in 2012: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 872). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811872.pdf. 3
Percent Figure 2 Percentage of Children and Youth Using Seat Belts or Restraints, 2013 100 98 95 91 89 83 80 60 40 20 0 Under 1 year 1 to 3 years old 4 to 7 years old 8 to 15 years old 16 to 24 years old Source: Pickrell, T. M. (2014). Occupant Restraint Use in 2012: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 872). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811872.pdf. 4
Percent Figure 3 100 Percentage of Children Under Age Eight Using Seat Belts or Restraints, by Driver and Vehicle Characteristics, 2013 91 90 87 87 91 80 76 68 60 40 20 0 Driver Belted Driver Unbelted Female Male Passenger cars Vans and SUVs Belted status of driver Gender of Driver Type of Car Pickups Source: Pickrell, T. M. (2014). Occupant Restraint Use in 2012: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 872). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811872.pdf. 5
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Appendix 1 - Percentage of Children under Age Eight Using Safety Restraints: Selected Years, 1994-2013 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total - - - - 88 82 82 84 89 87 88 89 91 91 89 Age 1 Under 1 year old 88 85 97 95 99 98 98 98 98 99 98 99 98 99 98 1 to 3 years old - - - - 94 93 89 89 96 92 96 94 96 96 95 1 to 4 years old 61 60 91 91 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 to 7 years old - - - - 83 73 76 78 85 89 87 83 90 87 91 Belt Status of Driver Belted - - - - 92 86 85 87 92 92 91 92 95 93 91 Unbelted - - - - 72 50 60 58 61 54 66 64 67 73 68 Gender of Driver Female - - - - 92 82 84 82 90 88 89 90 91 91 90 Male - - - - 91 82 79 86 86 85 87 87 92 92 87 Region Northeast - - - - 87 69 76 81 88 82 87 89 94 93 89 Midwest - - - - 86 79 77 82 88 85 90 91 90 92 89 South - - - - 92 87 79 80 85 83 82 82 84 88 81 West - - - - 86 84 91 93 94 93 95 93 96 93 92 10
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Urbanization Urban - - - - 84 78 80 73 85 85 86 80 92 89 85 Suburban - - - - 85 84 83 87 91 89 89 91 92 92 91 Rural - - - - 87 80 83 84 86 83 87 89 90 91 87 Type and time of day Weekday - - - - 89 83 82 84 90 88 88 90 90 91 89 Rush hour - - - - 90 80 86 78 91 90 88 90 92 92 90 Non-rush hour - - - - 87 85 78 89 89 86 88 90 89 89 89 Weekend - - - - 85 79 83 83 86 85 88 87 94 92 88 Type of car Passenger cars - - - - 88 78 76 78 88 86 84 86 87 89 87 Vans and SUVs - - - - 91 88 92 91 91 90 93 92 97 94 91 Pickups - - - - 77 71 79 86 76 73 80 84 83 91 76 Type of seat Front seat - - - - 83 72 88 86 75 74 74 81 72 70 66 Rear seat - - - - 90 83 82 83 90 88 89 90 93 92 90 Restraint Use by Infants 1 Front-facing car seat - - - - 66 48 49 36 14 12 15-11 - 7 Rear-facing car seat - - - - 32 45 45 48 81 86 83-86 - 90 High-back booster seat - - - - 1 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A - N/A - N/A Belt or backless booster - - - - 1 4 1 11 N/A N/A N/A - N/A - N/A No restraint observed - - - - 1 2 2 2 2 1 2-2 - 2 11
Restraint Use by Toddlers 1 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Front-facing car seat - - - - 62 62 66 67 73 72 76-75 - 73 Rear-facing car seat - - - - 4 6 6 3 3 2 3-7 - 10 High-back booster seat - - - - 16 2 5 4 9 11 11-9 - 7 Belt or backless booster - - - - 13 22 13 15 11 7 7-5 - 6 No restraint observed - - - - 6 7 11 11 4 8 4-4 - 5 Restraint Use by Boosterage 1 Children Front-facing car seat - - - - 9 13 12 16 13 12 14-18 - 20 Rear-facing car seat - - - - 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A - N/A - N/A High-back booster seat - - - - 6 2 8 3 22 26 24-25 - 26 Belt or backless booster - - - - 67 58 56 59 50 51 49-46 - 44 No restraint observed - - - - 17 27 24 22 15 11 13-10 - 9 - Data not available. 1 Before 2007, NHTSA published the child restraint use rates by age based on the data from the NOPUS. For the years 2007-2011, NHTSA s published estimates of child restraint use by age came from the National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats (NSUBS). Since information about age is obtained by interviews in NSUBS and through visual assessment in NOPUS, the former is more accurate. Sources: Data for 1994-2000: Bondy, N. & Glassbrenner, D. (2001). National Occupant Protection Use Survey: 2000 Controlled Intersection Study. DOT HS 809 318. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Available at: http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/809318.pdf. Data for 2002-2004: Glassbrenner, D. (2005). Child restraint use in 2004: Overall results. DOT HS 809 845. U.S Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/809845.pdf. Data for 2005-2006: Glassbrenner, D. & Ye, J. (2007). Child restraint use in 2006 - Overall results. DOT HS 810 737. U.S Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/810737.pdf. Age-specific data for 2007-2008: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2009). Child restraint use in 2008:Use of correct restraint types. DOT HS 811 132. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811132.pdf. All other data for 2007-2008: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2009) Child restraint use in 2008: Overall results. DOT HS 811 135. Available at: http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811135.pdf. Age-specific data for children under age eight for 2009: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2010). The 2009 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats. DOT HS 811 377. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811377.pdf. All other data for2009-2010: National 12
Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2011). Occupant restraint use in 2010: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey, Controlled Intersection Study. DOT HS 811 527. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811527.pdf. Age-specific data for children under age eight for 2011-2013: Pickrell, T. M., & Choi, E-H. (2014). The 2013 National Survey of the Use of Booster Seats. (Report No. DOT HS 812 037). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/812037.pdf All other data for 2011-2012: Pickrell, T. M. (2014). Occupant Restraint Use in 2012: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 872). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811872.pdf. All other data for 2013: Pickrell, T. M. & Liu, C. (2015). Occupant Restraint Use in 2013: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 812 080). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/812080.pdf. 13
Appendix 2 - Percentage of Children and Youth Using Safety Restraints, by Age Group: Selected Years, 1994-2013 Age 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0 to 7 years old - - - - 88-82 82 84 89 87 88 89 91 91 89 5 to 15 years old 58 65 72 66 - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 to 15 years old - - - - 82 81 84 81 84 82 83 84 84 88 87 89 16 to 24 years old 53 50 57 69 69 75 77 78 76 77 80 81 79 79 80 83 - Data not available. Sources: Data for 1994-2000: Bondy, N. & Glassbrenner, D. (2001). National Occupant Protection Use Survey: 2000 Controlled Intersection Study. DOT HS 809 318. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Available at: http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/809318.pdf. Data for 2002-2009: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2010). Occupant restraint use in 2009: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey, Controlled Intersection Study. DOT HS 811 414. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811414.pdf. Data for 2010-2011: Pickrell, T. M., & Ye, T. J. (2013). Occupant Restraint Use in 2011: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 697). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811697.pdf. Data for 2012: Pickrell, T. M. (2014). Occupant Restraint Use in 2012: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 811 872). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/811872.pdf Data for 2013: Pickrell, T. M. & Liu, C. (2015). Occupant Restraint Use in 2013: Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey Controlled Intersection Study. (Report No. DOT HS 812 080). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pubs/812080.pdf. 14
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