Ambra Sannino, ABB FACTS, May 2011 Keynote Speech PCIM 2011 The Role of Power Electronics in Smart Grids and Renewable Integration ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 1
Evolution of grid design From traditional to future grids traditional grids Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical experience Limited grid accessibility for new producers future grids Centralized and distributed power generation Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data ABB 2009-04-27 2009-04-16 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt SG_Presentation_rev9b.ppt 2
Smart Grid definitions and ABB s interpretation A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Source: European Technology Platform SmartGrids A Smart Grid is self-healing, enables active participation of consumers, operate resiliently against attack and natural disasters, accommodate all generation and storage options, enable introduction of new products, services and markets, optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently, provide power quality for the digital economy. Source: US Department of Energy ABB 2009-04-27 2009-04-16 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt SG_Presentation_rev9b.ppt 3
Smart Grid summary Integration from supply to demand Production Smart Grid Consumption traditional power plants solar generation wind farms distributed generation Open for all types and sizes of generation Interaction between demand side and operation Efficient, reliable and self-healing transmission and distribution Most cost efficient solution to future requirements smart meters smart house plug-in vehicles industry ABB 2009-04-27 2009-04-16 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt SG_Presentation_rev9b.ppt 4
Smart Grid concept in practice Fulfill increased energy demand without environmental impact Integration of Renewables Fulfill increased energy demand without generating more Energy efficiency Bringing green electric power to the load centers Grid capacity and reliability Introduce load flexibility, adapt the load to the generation Demand response and electric vehicle integration ABB 2009-04-27 2009-04-16 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt SG_Presentation_rev9b.ppt 5
Smart Grid Requirements Integration from supply to demand 4 pillars Integration of Renewables Grid capacity & reliability Energy efficiency Demand response & electric vehicle integration ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 6
Wind power, not just steel towers Static var compensation, FACTS converters (AC grid connection) HVDC Light (underground or submarine connections to the grid) June 30, 2011 Slide 7 Permanent magnet generators (maintenance free) Switches & breakers Control products Transformers Compact substations (can also be used offshore) Transformers
BorWin1 the world s most remote offshore wind park Germany Customer: TenneT Offshore formerly transpower Year of commissioning: 2009 Slide 8 08MR0043 SylWin BorWin HelWin DolWin Customer s need Connection of a 400 MW offshore wind farm to the German transmission grid Robust grid connection 200 km long subsea and underground power connection ABB s response 400 MW HVDC Light system, ±150 kv Turnkey delivery including platform Full grid code compliance Customer s benefits Environmentally friendly power transport Reduce CO 2 emissions by nearly 1.5 million tons per year by replacing fossilfuel generation Supports wind power development in Germany
BorWin1 400 MW HVDC Light 128 km sea cable 75 km land cable June 30, 2011 Slide 9
BorWin1 Layout onshore station, Diele AC Filter Yard Reactors Valves Power Transformer Chopper Cooling Units DC Filter Yard June 30, 2011 Slide 10
BorWin1 BorWin alpha platform Topside Weight 3200ton - incl. 800ton ABB equipment Size approx 50 x 33,5 x 22 m Jacket Weight 1700 tonnes Height 62 m, sea level to topside approx 20 m Slide 11 08MR0043
BorWin1 The last steps until completion of the installation June 30, 2011 Slide 12
Power Electronics in Smart Grids Integration of renewables Wind turbine converters HVDC for offshore wind park connection Integration of renewables Energy storage for improving stability and decrease power fluctuations SVC/STATCOM for voltage control and grid code compliance Solar converters ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 13
Grid Capacity and Reliability Costly to build new transmission lines 200-800 000 EUR/km in Europe DG TREN/European Commission Study contract No TREN/CC/03-2002 Euro 00/km Specific cost factors 1 Finland, Sweden 200 300 Flat land (fewer towers) Less Populated 1 Greece, Portugal 200 300 Low costs (land, labour) 2 Denmark, Norway, Spain 3 Belgium, Netherlands, Italy 300 400 Close to base case 400 500 Close to base case Heavily populated 4 France, Germany 500 600 Heavily populated High labour costs 5 UK (England & Wales) 600 800 n-2 Standard applied &more towers/km High right-of-way costs Heavily Populated 6 Austria, Switzerland 600 800 High environmental issues Topography, high wind pressure limits High labour costs Unit cost of Constructing new transmission assets of 380kV within the European union, Norway and Switzerland June 30, 2011 Slide 14
Basics of FACTS devices jx P U U 2 2 1 1 FACTS devices control one or more parameters in the power equation P U U 1 2 2 X sin( 1) June 30, 2011 Slide 15 Shunt-connected devices Series-connected devices Combination of shunt and series-connected devices
Improved transmission capacity over long intertie: Cerro Navia, Chile 220/34 kv 140 MVA 220 kv Background: Increasing power demand for growing economy Opposition to building new transmission lines Solution: SVC Light installed in the Central Interconnected System, the largest power system in Chile. Purpose: Increase the power transfer from south Chile up to the capital of Santiago over a long power corridor Yield dynamic voltage control for steady-state and transient grid conditions, contribute reactive power during faults in the grid SVC Light data: System voltage: 220 kv VSC rating: -/+ 102.5 Mvar VSC -/+102.5 Mvar Filter rating: Totally 37.5 Mvar June 30, 2011 Slide 16 5.5th 12.5 Mvar 12th 10 Mvar 33th 15 Mvar Overall rating: -65/+140 Mvar
SVC Light: mechanical lay-out Cerro Navia, Chile June 30, 2011 Slide 17
SVC Light: VSC based on IGBT valves IGBTs: StakPak modular concept based on submodules in a fibre-glass, reinforced frame. For FACTS applications, IGBTs with 4 and 6 sub-modules are used for different current handling capability. Rated voltage: 2.5 kv and higher. June 30, 2011 Slide 18
Power Electronics in Smart Grids Grid Capacity and Reliability Series Compensation increases transmission capacity Grid capacity & reliability Static Var Compensators or STATCOMs improve voltage control Energy Storage Converter interface to distributed generation ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 19
Efficient generation, transport and better utilization of electricity Primary energy Transport Generation T&D Industry Commercial Residential Available energy Improved well efficiency Improved pipeline flows More efficient fuel combustion Lower line losses, higher substation efficiency Improved productivity 80 % losses 30 % saving Building management Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chain Some losses inherent to the generation of electricity Energy efficiency along the value chain can reduce losses by 30 percent June 30, 2011 Slide 20
Project reference Hydro Pumped Storage Power Plant Efficiency improvement the turbine adjustable to the optimum speed depending on actual head and available power Machine power: 50 MVA 500 MVA Speed range e.g. -10% < n n < +10% Controllable active power in pump operation Grid control (active power vs. frequency) can be offered Example: Avče hydro power plant 1 DFIM 180MW Elevation Difference 500m Turbine Mode 40m3/s Pump Mode 34m3/s Francis-Turbine 600 min-1 Annual Production 426 GWh Annual Consumption 553 GWh Avče pumped storage power plant (Slovenia) June 30, 2011 Slide 21
Energy Storage Martham pilot Customer: UK Power Networks Project located in Martham FACTS demonstrator of SVC Light combined with Li-Ion SAFT batteries Goal: Level out power from wind farm, test bench for energy storage together with Durham University Rating: 200 kw 1 h, 600 kw 4 min @ 11 kv and +/-600 kvar Commissioned in April 2011 June 30, 2011 Slide 22
DynaPeaQ pilot UK Power Networks, UK June 30, 2011 Slide 23
Energy Storage Martham pilot June 30, 2011 Slide 24
Energy Storage Martham pilot 13 battery modules (14 cells) June 30, 2011 Slide 25 Control unit
Energy Storage Martham pilot High-power discharge, commissioning test (600kW, 4 min) Voltage Current Power 600 kw SOC SOC decreases during discharge June 30, 2011 Slide 26
June 30, 2011 Slide 27 Dynamic energy storage DynaPeaQ Typical size 20 MW for 15 minutes and +/- 30 Mvar continuously Module Battery room Li-ion cells SVC Light Energy Storage 50 m 60 m
Power Electronics in Smart Grids Energy efficiency Efficient long-distance transmission with HVDC Variable speed drives in industrial plants Variable speed drives in pumped hydro stations Energy storage for emergency and peak power Energy Efficiency Energy saving lamps, energy efficient solutions in buildings Power quality solutions for industry: SVC/SVC Light LV & MV STATCOMs ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 28
Concerted actions of consumers and producers Power Plant Management System Producer and Consumer T&D Management System Producer and Consumer Energy Management Systems Industry-Commercial-Residential Harmonization of supply and demand reduces the need for reserves and CO 2 emissions Monitoring/control of production/consumption reduces demand and cost Advanced energy management systems help to balance supply and demand and to use energy more sustainably and efficiently June 30, 2011 Slide 29
Smart Grid Efficient transport Fast charging needed! For highways etc Slow (normal) charging from wall outlet Grid impact when several vehicles charge at the same time >> reinforcement or minimization by dynamic energy storage PHEVs may be used as distributed energy storage and support the grid June 30, 2011 Slide 30 Slow Fast
emobility AC / DC chargers June 30, 2011 Slide 31
DC Fast Charger Product Operational Pilots Hongkong, China Zurich, Switzerland Dublin, Ireland Copenhagen, Denmark June 30, 2011 Slide 32
Power Electronics in Smart Grids Demand response and electric vehicle integration Dynamic energy storage to absorbe peaks due to simultaneous (fast) charging of several electric vehicles Stations for fast charging of electric vehicles Demand response &electric vehicle integration Converter interface to distributed generation with built-in load management capability ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 33 Traction drive for (hybrid) electric vehicles
Power Electronics in Smart Grids A key technology in the 4 pillars Integration of renewables Grid Capacity & Reliability Energy Efficiency Demand response &electric vehicle integration ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 34
Power Electronics in Smart Grids More to come? DC grids in wind parks Hybrid transformers Hybrid circuit breakers Power electronic substation Solid-state switchgear DC grids in industrial plants DC microgrids in residential applications ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 35
Smart Grid Demonstration Project Stockholm Royal Seaport Vision Stockholm Royal Seaport a worldclass sustainable environment Goal Norra Djurgårdsstaden free from fossile fuels in 2030 CO 2 -emissions below 1,5 ton per person and year in 2020 Focus areas Efficient use of energy Environmental-friendly transportation Recycling Lifestyle
Smart Grid Demonstration Project Stockholm Royal Seaport 1 Smart home and Demand response 7 Reduced peak load and improved energy efficiency through active consumers and home automation 6 6 4 6 4 3 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 Distributed generation Integration of solar panel and wind turbines Integration and use of electric vehicles Including fast charging and load balancing Energy storage Stability and power quality Smart harbour Reduce CO 2 emissions by supplying vessel in the harbour with clean power from land ( Shore-to-Ship ) Smart substation Improved efficiency and stability through automation 2 7 Smart Grid Lab 5 R&D, simulation and demonstration of smart grid applications
Power Electronics in Smart Grids Summary Implementation of Smart Grid concept implies new operational features in the grid, leading to radical technology changes Sensor technology Communication High computational power distributed in the grid to collect info and take decisions in real time More power electronics at all levels to increase controllability in transmission and distribution grids, and to adapt new generation and storage to the grid Critical factors to accelerate the implementation of power electronics for smart grids, microgrids and renewables are losses, reliability, lifetime, and cost Use of power electronics, communication and automationis the key to innovative solutions for operating modern power systems with improved reliability and power quality ABB 2009-04-27 SG_Presentation_rev9d.ppt 38