Natural Gas in the Refuse Market March, 2013 Jorge Gonzalez Regional Sales Manager
Heavy Duty Market Primary Drivers Economics Natural Gas costs 30-50% less than diesel Fuel use reduces payback Energy Policy Abundant domestic supply of natural gas in North America Reduce crude oil imports Environment Reduce GHG emissions Reduced engine noise Simple Aftertreatment The market is moving. Large oil and gas producers o Investing in LNG production Truck OEM s and Fuel Providers oexpanding product offering obuilding infrastructure Fleets otesting NG vehicles olooking to innovate the business model 2
Natural gas is significantly less expensive than crude oil and the gap is growing. $25.00 Natural Gas and Crude Oil Spot Prices Natural Gas Henry Hub Spot Price $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 Crude Oil Cushing Spot Price Energy Price in Million ns of BTUs $0.00 Jan-1997 May-1997 Sep-1997 Jan-1998 May-1998 Sep-1998 Jan-1999 May-1999 Sep-1999 Jan-2000 May-2000 Sep-2000 Jan-2001 May-2001 Sep-2001 Jan-2002 May-2002 Sep-2002 Jan-2003 May-2003 Sep-2003 Jan-2004 May-2004 Sep-2004 Jan-2005 May-2005 Sep-2005 Jan-2006 May-2006 Sep-2006 Jan-2007 May-2007 Sep-2007 Jan-2008 May-2008 Sep-2008 Jan-2009 May-2009 Sep-2009 Jan-2010 May-2010 Sep-2010 Jan-2011 May-2011 Sep-2011 Jan-2012 Jan 1997 -Mar 2012 85% Less Source: U.S. EIA (March 2012). Cummins Westport Confidential
Natural gas is the lowest cost transportation fuel in the USA, priced 40% less than diesel. $6.00 $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 $2.00 $1.00 $0.00 $2.38 Natural Gas U.S. Average Retail Price (DGE) $1.48 per DGE 38% $3.76 $3.86 $4.02 Gasoline Diesel Biodiesel (B20) $4.61 $4.75 $4.96 Biodiesel (B100) LPG E85 Source: U.S. DOE / Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report (January 2012). Cummins Westport Confidential
Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) A Joint Venture of Westport & Cummins since 2001 Cummins Inc. 50% 50% Delivered over 34,000 engines. New 10 year Agreement 2012 5
CWI = Cummins 6 to 12 litre automotive natural gas engine company. Product Engineering Manufacturing Sales CWI Engineering CWI Product Management CWI RGM s/oem Director Cummins Tech Center Cummins VPI Process Cummins Plants Cummins Account Teams & Distributors Warranty Parts & Service CWI Warranty Group CWI Customer Support Cummins Warranty Cummins Distributors 6
CWI Technology Strategy Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (CEGR) Cummins Stoichiometric Combustion Spark Ignition Three Way Catalyst (TWC) Cummins Westport Cummins Westport Cummins Emission Solutions 7
CWI Combustion Technology Spark Ignited Stoichiometric with Cooled EGR Spark Plug Stoichiometric EGR (SEGR) Three Way Catalyst Architecture Three Way Catalyst Spark Ignited Fuel, EGR and air are premixed outside the cylinder Spark plug ignites the mixture Charge Air Cooler EGR Cooler Fuel Air flow controls fuel flow Throttle Air/Fuel ratio controls emissions 8
What is Stoichiometric Combustion? Ideal combustion process where fuel is burned completely Ideal air/fuel ratio - chemically correct mixing of fuel and air Consumes all fuel & air without excess of either in exhaust No Oxygen in exhaust stream allows Three Way Catalyst to handle NOx control Benefits: Increased power density Increased thermal efficiency Decreased emissions 9
Three Way Catalyst TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NO X, CO, HC End products are: N 2, CO 2, H 2 O Packaged as part of muffler Simple, passive device O 2 Sensor connects to ECM Consistent performance across all duty cycles Catalyst Inlet NO X CO HC Catalyst Outlet N 2 CO 2 H 2 O ISL G / ISX12 G TWC
Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment Similar to catalyst on gasoline passenger cars. Packaged as a muffler. Vertical or horizontal mount. Easy to install Weighs ~100 pounds Passive device No Regeneration No SCR No Maintenance O 2 Sensor 11
2010 Engines Aftertreatment Comparison SCR Catalyst Particulate Filter 2010 Diesel Heated Urea Tank Urea Dosing Control Unit ECM Cummins TWC Three Way Catalyst 12
Lower GHG - Well to Wheel Extraction Processing Transportation and storage End user Total Natural Gas 1,402.4 g/km 115 g/km 49.5 g/km 53.9 g/km 1,183.9 g/km Diesel 1,811.7 g/km 268.8g/km 179.5 g/km 9.7 g/km 1,353.7g/km Including vehicle material and assembly - 21.9% Lower GHG Equals Approx 24 Tonnes per bus reduction of CO2 per year Source:http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/es/etb/ctfca/PDFs/GHGenius/gh_genius_pamphlet0405_e.html
Reduced Noise Spark ignition provides quiet operation Communities notice the natural gas noise advantage. 110 100 Noise Comparison ISL G is 5.5 decibels quieter at peak torque and load ONE Diesel engine idling is louder than TEN natural gas engines idling together Decibeles db( (A) 90 ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter at Idle/no load 07 ISL 07 ISL G 80 70 Peak Torque / Full Load Idle / No Load Engine Test Mode
Natural Gas is a Safe Fuel CNG LNG Liquid fuels Lighter than air Rises Doesn t accumulate in low places Rich mixture burns off slowly Ignites at temperatures of approx. 600 C Non toxic Odorless-detection fragrance is added Evaporates quickly Heavier than air Descends Accumulates in low places Rich mixture explodes Gas and diesel vapors ignite at approx. 200 C Toxic, especially gasoline Strong inherent odor Evaporates slowly at room temperature
Cummins Westport Product Line-up. 2015 In Production 2013 6.7 Litre Spark Ignited SEGR Three Way Catalyst 8.9 Litre Spark Ignited SEGR Three Way Catalyst 11.9 Litre Spark Ignited SEGR Three Way Catalyst
2007 First Heavy Duty Engine Certified 2010 EPA and CARB 2008 # 1 natural gas engine in transit 2009 #1 natural gas engine in Refuse 2010 #1 natural gas engine in Conventional Truck 2011 10,000 th ISL G produced in Cummins Engine Plant, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, USA
ISL G Natural Gas Engine 8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.) In line 6 cylinder Charge Air Cooled (CAC) Spark ignition Peak Rating: HP-320 hp Torque -1000 lb-ft Certified to 2012 EPA and CARB NOx and PM standards Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment Manufactured by Cummins in Cummins Engine Plant- Rocky Mount, North Carolina Over 13,000 in service. 18
ISL G Customer Benefits High power-to-weight ratio Diesel-like responsiveness Throttle response is comparable to ISL9 diesel Strong power density Virtually same torque curves as ISL9 Improved Fuel Economy vs. lean burn engines 5% fuel economy improvement Maintenance-Free aftertreatment 19
ISL G Ratings ENGINE MODEL ADVERTISED HP(KW) @ RPM PEAK TORQUE LB-FT @ RPM GOVERNED SPEED ISL G 320 320 (239) @ 2000 1000 (1356) @ 1300 2200 RPM ISL G 300 300 (224) @ 2100 860 (1166) @ 1300 2200 RPM ISL G 280 280 (209) @ 2000 900 (1220) @ 1300 2200 RPM ISL G 260 260 (194) @ 2200 660 (895) @ 1300 2200 RPM ISL G 250 250 (186) @ 2200 730 (990) @ 1300 2200 RPM 20
ISL G Availability Cab Over Refuse Trucks OEM AutoCar Mack Peterbilt American Lafrance Crane Carrier Model Xpeditor TerraPro LE Terra Pro CO 320 Condor LET Fuel LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG Engine ISLG 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISL G 320 ISLG 320. Over 8,000 engines in service North America Refuse Fleets City of Los Angeles, CA City of Toronto Miller Waste, Ontario Republic Services City of Sacramento, CA EMI, Quebec Specialty Solid Waste Long Island, NY Progressive Waste / City of Surrey, BC City of New York Smithtown, NY Phoenix, AZ Denver, CO Ogden, Utah Waste Management (USA, Canada) Advanced Disposal
ISL G Maintenance Intervals - Refuse Refuse Truck Hours Miles Kilometers Months Check CAC cooler, piping and Air Cleaner 250 3,000 5,000 3 Oil & Filter* 500 6,000 10,000 6 Coolant Filter** None¹ None¹ None¹ None¹ Spin-on Fuel Filter 1,000 12,000 20,000 12 Spark Plugs 1,500 18,000 30,000 18 Standard Coolant 2,000 24,000 40,000 24 Overhead Adjustment*** 2,000 24,000 40,000 24 Air Cleaner/Element Follow vehicle manufacturers published recommendations Distance intervals will increase or decrease based on average speeds. The default interval is the hours shown. Perform maintenance at hours, distance, or months indicated, whichever comes first Refer to the Owners Manual for complete details on Maintenance Intervals ¹ If the engine is equipped with an optional coolant filter, the coolant filter will need to be replaced at the same intervals as the oil filter. Regardless of whether the engine is or is not equipped with a coolant filter, SCA/DCA additive levels must be checked according to the interval listed in the Owners Manual. * Assuming normal duty cycle/based on 12 mph average speed. ** Do not change if SCA above 3 *** Initial Overhead Adjustment at 1,000 hours.
Keys to Success Follow Cummins maintenance intervals and procedures outlined on QuickServe On Line or in Operation and Maintenance manuals Use Cummins Authorized parts Set oil drain / service intervals based on average fleet speed Default interval is the hours stated. Interval is Defined by application and average speed hours, miles or time, which ever comes first Example: Oil Drain/Service Intervals Average Vehicle Speed Kilometers Miles Hours Months Truck 30 mph 24,000 15,000 500 6 Transit Bus 10-15 mph 9,650 6,000 500 6 Refuse Truck 10-15 mph 9,650 6,000 500 6 Use only natural gas engine oil per Cummins Specification (CES 200074) Check air intake every 250 hours, and use only OEM approved air filters Check/drain fuel filter daily Visually check coolant recovery tank level daily. Perform Initial Overhead Valve adjustment at 1,000 hours
ISX12 G Heavy Duty Natural Gas Engine
Natural Gas Engine Introduction Target Markets Regional haul truck / tractor Vocational Refuse Platform & Technology Cummins 11.9 litre ISX12 diesel is base engine Utilizing spark-ignition with cooled EGR & three way catalyst (TWC) Same combustion technology as ISL G
Natural Gas Engine Key Product Attributes 4 cycle, spark ignited, in-line 6 cylinder, turbocharged, CAC Displacement 11.9 litres (726.2 cu in) Peak rating: 400 hp, 1450 lb-ft EPA/CARB certified at or below EPA10 emission levels Dedicated natural gas engine Will operate on CNG or LNG Capable of using up to 100% Biomethane Three Way Catalyst after-treatment Engine braking Manual/Automatic Transmission capable No AMT at launch Schedule Commercial launch: Early 2013 Currently in field tests
Engine Architecture ISL G ISX12 Diesel ISX12 G Natural Gas CWI Emissions Architecture Spark Ignition Stoichiometric Combustion, Cooled EGR Three Way Catalyst Wastegate Turbocharger Control System Base Engine Architecture Diesel Base Engine 4 valve cylinder head Cooled EGR Heavy Duty Natural Gas 400 hp/1,450 ft. lb torque Heavy duty durability Heavy duty performance
Design Architecture Wastegate Turbo Coil on Plug Ignition EGR Valve 4 Valve Cylinder Head Fuel Module Ignition Control Module Engine Control Module 28
Differences: ISX12 diesel and ISX12 G natural gas Ratings ISX12 HP: 310-425 hp Torque: 1,150 1,650 lb-ft ISX12 G HP: 320-400 hp Torque at Idle Torque: 1,150 1,450 lb-ft ISX12 800 lb-ft ISX12 G 700 lb-ft Aftertreatment ISX12 DPF + SCR ISX12 G Three Way Catalyst Engine brake performance ISX12 Optional 380 HP @ 2100 rpm ISX12 G Optional 240 HP @ 2100 rpm» Reduced due to lower compression ratio
2013 ISX12 G Ratings * ENGINE MODEL ADVERTISED HP(KW) PEAK TORQUE LB-FT (Nm) @ RPM GOVERNED SPEED Line Haul Truck Applications ISX12 G 400 400 (298) 1450 (1966) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 385 385 (287) 1350 (1830) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 350 350 (261) 1450 (1966) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 330 330 (246) 1250 (1695) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 320 320 (239) 1150 (1559) @ 1200 2100 RPM Refuse Truck Applications ISX12 G 350R 350 (261) 1350 (1830) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 350R 350 (261) 1450 (1966) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 330R 330 (246) 1250 (1695) @ 1200 2100 RPM ISX12 G 320R 320 (239) 1150 (1559) @ 1200 2100 RPM Clutch Engagement Torque 700 LB-FT (949 Nm) Net Weight (Dry) - 2650 LB (1202 KG) * Preliminary Ratings Subject to Change
Refuse Trucks Customers
Waste Management Refuse Trucks WM has 18,000 Class 8 collection trucks 2,000 natural gas trucks on the road today - the largest fleet of heavy duty natural gas trucks in N. America
WM s CNG Fleet Goals WM will continue replacing diesel powered refuse collection trucks with natural gas ones Plans to purchase 700-1000 more trucks in 2013 Convert almost 100% of refuse collection trucks by 2020 WM will build 25 natural gas fueling stations each year WM investing in public fueling stations at most sites
Republic: CNG Conversion Appoximately 9% of current fleet uses natural gas. CNG is preferred technology Lower fuel costs support conversion Competitive advantage Capital required for extra cost and infrastructure Gradual conversion as older trucks are replaced Approximately 50% of the 2013 truck purchases are CNG
www.cumminswestport.com New Website launched May 1, 2012 Great source of information about natural gas engines and vehicles. Features the Natural Gas Academy, a series of instructional videos Designed to provide a general overview of natural gas as a fuel whether it is compressed (CNG) or liquefied (LNG), and how it is used with vehicles.
Thank You Jorge Gonzalez Regional Sales Manager Texas, Oklahoma and Mexico Email: jorge.gonzalez@cummins.com http://www.cumminswestport.com 36