Physical Property Analyzer PPA4100 Series On-Line RVP Analyzer
More accurate, on-line measurement of Reid Vapor Pressure will save millions of dollars in gasoline blending... the PPA4100 is more than an analyzer... it s a profit-maker. The PPA4100 Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) Analyzer from ABB offers the first new on-line instrument design in 25 years for accurately measuring RVP, throughout the gasoline range of 0-20 psia. Its design allows refineries to economically comply with demanding volatility regulations for gasoline blending; established by the Clean Air Act and its amendments and enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The PPA4100 may also be effectively applied for RVP compliance in custody transfer of gasoline product at pipelines and terminals. The PPA4100 offers a simple, reliable, compact design that requires minimal operator interface and minimal maintenance. This physical property analyzer incorporates a single measuring cell with a pressure transducer. Sample Purge 50CC @ 15 PSI N 2 In addition to the measuring cell, three solenoid valves control the filling and emptying of the cell. All timing functions are provided by the PPA4100 microprocessor on the logic board. Analysis results are obtained in approximately 8.5 minutes. During this time the cell is purged, zeroed and the sample filled. After sample equilibration, the final pressure reading is obtained. Throughout the cycle, the instrument performs selfdiagnostics for temperature, purge pressure, sample-filling and cellleaking, as well as over pressure protection. The PPA4100 s cell is designed so that the total cell volume and the amount of sample introduced are fixed; resulting in a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. This 4:1 ratio is a requirement defined by the ASTM D323 manual method of measuring RVP, which was first published in 1930. Liquid Sample Volume 2.5 ml The ASTM D323 Method also requires the measured temperature to be 100 F + - 0.2 F. The PPA4100 s cell temperature is controlled to 100 F + - 0.1 F. The 4:1 fixed ratio and more reliably controlled temperature results in RVP measurements that exceed the ASTM D323 manual method, with no correction factors or instrument calibration required. The PPA4100 also gives equivalent results to the ASTM D5191 minimethod, when run in an off-line mode. The primary difference between the PPA4100 and the devices listed in D5191 is that the PPA4100 operates in an atmospheric basis. The devices described in D5191 operate on a vacuum basis. When run in its normal on-line mode, the PPA4100 s results exceed the D5191 method. In 1993 the PPA4100 became ASTM Method D5428-93 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini-Method Atmospheric).* Sample In 450CC @ 15 PSI N 2 Cell Volume 12.5 ml Measuring Cell Cell Temperature 100 F + - 1 F Flameproof Breather Cell Purge Nitrogen Flameproof Breather Sample Drain (Must Vent To Atmosphere) * This method applies only when operated in the off-line mode and when the optional user coefficients are not used.
The PPA4100 allows refineries to use more economical blending additives, at their most cost-efficient levels, to achieve required reductions in volatility. For years, refineries used butanes for blending. Butanes are readily available, economical, and increase fuel vapor pressure as well as octane. Their use was and is directly related to refinery profits. The EPA enforces volatility regulations for gasoline. Generally, gasoline vapor pressure should be less than 9 psi in the summer months and greater than 9 psi in the winter months. The requirements for individual states are summarized in ASTM D4818, Table 4. This regulation, along with the addition of oxygenates and other compliance requirements, have redefined gasoline blending rules and left refineries vulnerable to hundreds of millions of dollars in additional costs. The challenge is to measure RVP as accurately as possible, so that refineries can meet both their compliance and performance objectives. Refinery industry sources have projected that for every 0.1 psi in increased RVP accuracy, the typical refinery will save from 0.5 to 1 million dollars annually. With the PPA4100, refineries have an on-line instrument that will precisely measure Reid Vapor Pressure; allowing the refinery to effectively control the volatility of blended gasoline, optimize blending processes and reduce blending costs to their minimum levels. Pipeline and terminal operators will also find that the PPA4100 is an economical and effective instrument for RVP compliance, with either on-line or off-line application. Service, Support and Maintenance The PPA4100 is designed to minimize the need for maintenance, operator training and other support services. However, if the client should require or request, ABB Analytical will provide start-up services, maintenance services, training services, reconditioning, repair and replacement parts service. Training services are available for virtually every aspect of operating and maintaining ABB Analytical analyzers. Training may be arranged on-site or at any of our training centers. Maintenance services are available on an unscheduled, as-needed basis, or by way of long-term, scheduled maintenance agreements. For off-line applications and verification of on-line results, a specialized syringe is available that provides a convenient method to draw an air-free sample, with sufficient pressure to introduce the sample to the measuring cell. Syringe volume is approximately 95 milliliters.
RVP Analyzer designated as ASTM Method D5482-93 in the off-line mode. Specifications Performance Specifications Cycle Time: 8.5 min. (4-20 ma output is held at the current value and updated after each cycle). Repeatability: 0.05 psia. Reproducibility: 0.2 psia. Operating Range: 0.20 psia. Pressure Transducer: High performance, accuracy 0.5 % of full scale. Outputs: 4-20 ma isolated into 600 OHM max. Common alarm output N.O. or N.C. 28 VDC at 0.1 amps max. End-of-cycle contact voltage less contact closure capable of switching 28 VDC at 0.1 amps maximum. Contact is energized for approximately 10 seconds at the end of each update. Dimensions Weight: Height: Depth: Width: Approximately 100 lbs. (45.36 kg). 54 inches (1371.6 mm). 9.56 inches (242.9 mm). 30 inches (762.0 mm). General Installation Requirements 1/4 inch tube connections for: N 2 Supply Sample In Low Pressure Return Cell Drain Seals: Standard seal material is Kalrez. Electrical Power: VAC, 50/60 Hz, 2 amps. Protect the analyzer from direct sunlight and rain. Ambient temperature not to exceed 90 F. Cell drain must be unrestricted vent to atmosphere. Cell drain spent sample approximately 1000 cc/day. Must have 50-100 micron filtration up-stream of the analyzer (provided by user). Minimum sample inlet operating pressure 35 psia. Maximum low pressure return 30 psia (based on sample inlet pressure). Sample temperature not to exceed 90 F. Nitrogen supply (instrument grade). Note: It is the customer s responsibility to provide a SIN- GLE-PHASE SAMPLE for this system. The sample CANNOT be a two-phase sample containing undissolved water and its associated compounds. Area Classification Class 1, Groups B, C, D Division 1. T6 ATEX: II2G EExdIIB+H2 T6 30.00 (762.0) 9.75 (247.7) 1.625 (41.3) 33.75 (857.3) 54.00 (1371.6) 1.00 (25.4) Typical 1.00 (25.4) Typical 8.75 (222.3) Specifications Subject To Change Without Notice.
The only on-line RVP analyzer designated as an ASTM Method.* Simple, single-cell design virtually maintenance free. Validates every analysis via self-diagnostics. Minimal operator interface. Requires no calibration. Small compact design. Microprocessor-based. Controller Controller Housing Logic Board Power Supply Board Display Board Hinged Door Opens 180 Analyzer Explosion-Proof Housing Measuring Cell Sample Drain Solenoid Sample System The PPA4100 s fast loop liquid sample system is comprised of the necessary analytical components to control pressure, filtration, and flow direction for the N 2 purge gas, the on-line sample, the cell drain, the low pressure return, and the standard sample introduction. Nitrogen Inlet Low Pressure Process Return Sample Inlet Syringe In Mounting Assembly Fast Loop Return To Process * ASTM Method D5482-93 When operated in off-line mode.
Physical Property Analyzer PPA4100 On-line RVP Analyzer Options PPA4101 and PPA4102 The PPA4101, High Reid Vapor Pressure analyzer provides a measuring range of 0-90 psia. The PPA4102, LPG analyzer provides a pressure range of 0-225 psia. Pressure Transducer Lookup Table Enables new and replacement cell transducers to be linearized. It is a factory adjustment only. (Standard) Off-Line Diagnostics Requires approximately 11 minutes to run. Checks for leaks into and out of the measuring cell. (Standard) User Coefficients Span and zero correlation coefficients, that are determined by the user, can be used to alter the RVP output to match another external method. (Optional) Diagnostic Test for N 2 Purge Ensures that the N 2 purge is within specified limits. (Standard) SwirlKlean TM Filter Available for streams that require removal of free water. (Optional) Vortex Cooler Cools the measuring cell housing when the ambient temperature exceeds 90 F. Includes the vortex cooling plate, an air pressure gauge, temperature controlled air valve and a manual shut-off valve. A minimum of 80 psia, at a flow rate of 12 scfm, allows the analyzer temperature to operate in a maxiumum ambient temperature of 104 F. (Optional) Serial Output Allows data transmission only from RVP analyzer to customer s serial device. Output is an RS-232 format, with one start bit, eight data bits, one stop bit and no parity. Data is transmitted as ASCII characters. Can support baud rates of 300, 2400 or 4800. Baud rates are factory set and cannot be changed by the end user. (Optional) Recovery Systems The PPA4100 s design requires that the cell drain be an unrestricted vent to atmosphere. This optional recovery system provides the needed ventilation, automatically monitors the level of spent sample and pumps the sample to the process return at up to 40 psi. The system features a fiber optic monitor, a one-gallon capacity, an explosion-proof pump, and an air eductor to ensure that no sample vapors escape the tank into the operating area. www.abb.com/analytical ABB Inc. Analytical Products 843 N. Jefferson Street Lewisburg, WV 24901 USA Office: 304.647.4358 Fax: 304.645.4236 2005 ABB Inc. BUASC4-1-405