Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines Use the Textbook Pages 321 349 to help answer the questions
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1. Internal combustion make heat by burning a fuel & air mixture inside of their cylinder. Pg. 321 Motors Engines Cars
2. The engine s is a precisely machined hole through which the piston moves. Pg. 321 Cylinder Crankshaft Piston
3. The 2 main types of small gas engines are the stroke cycle & the stroke cycle. Pg. 323 Four & Two Six & Eight Rotary & Orbital
4. The is the component that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into more useful rotary motion for output. Pg. 323 Camshaft Crankshaft Balance Shaft
5. The slides back & forth in the cylinder and is fastened to the crankshaft by the connecting rod. Pg. 323 Cylinder Block Piston
6. A is one movement of the piston, from either TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. Pg. 324 Stroke Bore Displacement
7. Fuel burns better when it is : broken into little particles & mixed with air. Pg. 324 Atomized Mixture Atomized Pulverized Mesmerized
8. TDC stands for: (at the top of it s travel in the cylinder) Pg. 324 & 325 Top Dead Center Out of Center Bottom Dead Center
9. BDC stands for: (at the bottom of its travel in the cylinder) Pg. 324 & 325 Top Dead Center Out of Center Bottom Dead Center
10. The combustion is the area in the engine where the air & fuel burns. Pg. 324 & 326 Chamber Crankcase Dungeon
11. The engine compression is mathematically determined by dividing BDC volume by TDC volume. Pg. 325 Pressure Ratio Expansion
A top notch automotive student knows everything about the 4 stroke cycle!
12. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The fresh air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º [ ] ignited by heat Pg. 324
13. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
14. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The burning air & fuel mixture: [ ] pushes the piston down [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
15. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The spent air & fuel mixture is: [ ] lit on fire [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
16. Engines have systems to keep them running at peak performance: The system uses either air or liquid to maintain proper operating temperature The system either splashes or pumps oil throughout to reduce friction The system converts the force of expanding fuel & air into motion The system generates the high voltage spark to ignite the air & fuel The system keeps the engine running at desired RPM regardless of load The system uses either a carburetor or an injection system to control the air & fuel mix Word Bank: Lubrication Cooling Mechanical Electrical/Ignition Fuel Governor Pgs. 327 337
17. Engines can be said to work off of a very basic model known as the. *
18. If an engine is not starting or is not performing up to specifications, 2 basic tests should be done: Test & Test Fuel & Air Pressure Rotation & Power Spark & Compression Pg. 341 & 342
19.Small engines are Big polluters! It is estimated that mowing lawn or blowing snow for ½ hour will produce as many harmful exhaust emissions as driving a car for miles! That s 7,000,000 tons of air pollution yearly just in the United States. 1,000,000 Miles 172 Miles 10 or 15 Miles Pg. 342 Note: Ground level ozone is known as smog.
Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Main Ideas 2 Column Notes Supporting Details Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests
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Engines produce heat by burning a fuel Internal Combustion Engines burn the fuel inside of them External Combustion Engines burn the fuel outside Impulse Turbine Reaction turbine
Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Electric
Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Hydraulic
Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Pneumatic
Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Vacuum
Cylinder: Precisely Machined Hole for Piston Crankshaft: Main Shaft Changes Reciprocating Motion to Rotary Motion Piston: Slides Up & Down in the Cylinder
Camshaft: Operates the Poppet Valves Poppet Valves: Open & Close the Intake & Exhaust Ports Lifters or Tappets or Cam Followers: Fit Between Valve Stems & Cam
Bore: Cylinder Diameter Stroke: Length of Piston Travel Distance from TDC to BDC One Piston Movement Up or Down Displacement: Total Cylinder Volume
TDC: Top Dead Center BDC: Bottom Dead Center Combustion Chamber: Space Where Fuel & Air Is Burned Located Above the Piston & Below the Head
Atomization: Breaking Fuel into Small Particles & Mixing it with Air Fuel & Air in a Mist Form Vaporization: Fuel & Air in a Cloud Form
During the stroke (1 st ) Self Quiz The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The fresh air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed [ ] ignited by heat The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
During the stroke (2 nd ) Self Quiz The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed to raise its temperature [ ] ignited by heat The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
During the stroke (3 rd ) The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC Self Quiz [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The compressed air & fuel mixture is: [ ] being exhausted [ ] compressed [ ] ignited by heat of spark The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
During the stroke (4 th ) The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC Self Quiz [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The spent air & fuel mixture is: [ ] being compressed [ ] compressed [ ] forced out of the cylinder The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
Systems of the engine include: (MI FLEECE) or (ME FEEL ICE) Mechanical Ignition = Spark Fuel Lubrication Exhaust Electrical = Charging & Starting Cooling Emission Control Electronic Engine Controls
Mechanical System
Ignition System
Fuel System Energy, Power & Transportation Technology
Lubrication System
Exhaust System
Electric Charging System
Electric Starting System 110 Volt 12 Volt
Cooling System Air Cooled Liquid Cooled
Emission Control System Exhaust Induction Crankcase Evaporative
Self Quiz
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Air Fuel Fire Triangle Heat 1) Compression 2) Spark
2 Stroke Cycle 1 power stroke every crank revolution
D. Self Quiz B. C. A.
2 Stroke Cycle Reed Valve Induction
2 Stroke Cycle Piston Port Induction
Loop Scavenged 2 Stroke Cycle
Expansion chamber to control scavenging