CUY SAFETY STUDY KINSMAN RD (US 422) AT E. 93 RD ST CLEVELAND, OHIO - ODOT DISTRICT 12. October 13, LJB Inc.

CUY-422-4.34 SAFETY STUDY KINSMAN RD (US 422) AT E. 93 RD ST CLEVELAND, OHIO - ODOT DISTRICT 12 October 13, 2014 PREPARED BY: LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 (937) 259-5000 Elizabeth L. Sliemers, P.E. BSliemers@LJBinc.com

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 EXISTING CONDITIONS... 4 CRASH ANALYSIS... 9 COUNTERMEASURES... 14 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS... 20 FIGURES FIGURE 1 PROJECT LOCATION MAP... 2 FIGURE 2 STUDY AREA MAP... 3 FIGURE 3 INTERSECTION ALIGNMENT... 5 FIGURE 4 INTERSECTION FUNCTIONAL AREA... 6 FIGURE 5 EXPECTED EXCESS CRASHES... 11 FIGURE 6 SHORT TERM CONCEPT PLAN... 19 APPENDICES PROJECT DOCUMENTATION... A EXISTING CONDITIONS DIAGRAM... B TRAFFIC DATA... C CRASH DIAGRAMS... D HSM OUTPUT... E CLEARANCE INTERVAL CALCULATIONS... F CAPACITY ANALYSIS REPORTS...G STORAGE LENGTH CALCULATIONS... H COST ESTIMATE AND BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS... I SAFETY FUNDING GUIDELINES AND APPLICATION FORM...J DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are protected in accordance with 23 USC Section 409: Discovery and Admission as Evidence of Certain Reports and Surveys. TABLE OF CONTENTS

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND NEED The purpose of this study is to evaluate existing safety performance and to identify potential countermeasures to reduce traffic crashes and congestion at the intersection of US Route 422 (Kinsman Road) and E. 93 rd Street. This intersection located at SLM 4.34 is ranked 19 on the ODOT 2012 Urban Intersection Peak Searching Excess Locations list. A review of crash data provided by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) yielded a total of 88 reported crashes at the study intersection during a 3-year period between 2010 and 2012. The following crash types and conditions are over represented at the study location compared to statewide averages (shown in parenthesis). Note the statewide crash averages are based on 2008-2012 data whereas the project data encompasses years 2010 to 2012. Total crashes: 88 total crashes Injury crashes: 35 crashes or 39.8 percent (25.4 percent) Rear end: 42 crashes or 47.7 percent (30.9 percent) Left Turn: 15 crashes or 17.0 percent (5.2 percent) Pedestrian: 6 crashes or 6.8 percent (0.8 percent) BACKGROUND US Route 422, here in referred to as Kinsman Road is an east-west route that provides connection between downtown Cleveland and IR-271. E. 93 rd Street is a north-south route between Kinsman Road and Miles Avenue. The intersection is located in the City of Cleveland. A project location map is provided in Figure 1. The study intersection is located south of Cleveland s Opportunity Corridor, a transportation and economic development project aimed at connecting I-490 to the University Circle neighborhood. The proposed boulevard extension of I-490 will form new intersections with Kinsman Road (approximately 1.25 miles west of the study intersection) and E. 93 rd Street (north of Buckeye Road). Kinsman Road is planned to be widened to a five-lane section to provide exclusive left turn lanes at the subject intersection with the Opportunity Corridor project. A Preferred Alternative map of the new Kinsman Road intersection is provided in Appendix A. A safety study was prepared for the study intersection in April 2009 and was based on 2005 2007 crash data. There were 46 documented crashes during the 2005 2007 analysis period which represents 48 percent fewer crashes than were reported during the 2010 2012 analysis period being used in this current study. Recommendations from the 2009 safety study include: Short Term: Upgrade traffic signals, revise signal timing and phasing to change the protected lead phase from southbound approach to northbound approach, provide coordination with the traffic signal at E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Boulevard intersection, and install epoxy pavement marking and lane use signs at both intersections. Medium Term: Install signal actuation (preferably video detection) and coordination with the traffic signal at the E. 93 rd /Ramona Boulevard intersection. Long Term: Install left turn lanes on all four approaches of the intersection, widen roadways to accommodate 12 foot travel lanes, and update signal timing and phasing. INTRODUCTION 1

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study The City of Cleveland Capital Improvement Program (CIP) identifies the widening of E. 93 rd Street to a five-lane section from Ramona Boulevard south as a project for FY 2015/2016. Details and limits of this project were unknown at the time that this study was prepared. FIGURE 1: PROJECT LOCATION MAP INTRODUCTION 2

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study FIGURE 2: STUDY AREA MAP INTRODUCTION 3

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study EXISTING CONDITIONS ROADWAY CONDITIONS Kinsman Road intersects E. 93rd Street at a four-leg, signalized intersection. The signalized intersection of E. 93 rd Street and Ramona Boulevard is located less than 200 feet north of the Kinsman Road intersection and has been included as part of the study area. Existing roadway conditions are summarized in Table 1 and described in additional detail below. Existing conditions diagrams are provided in Appendix B. TABLE 1: EXISTING ROADWAY CONDITIONS KINSMAN ROAD (US 422) E. 93RD STREET RAMONA BLVD ODOT Functional Urban Minor Arterial Urban Minor Arterial Urban Collector Classification Federal Aid Primary? Yes No No Posted speed limit 35 MPH 35 MPH 25 MPH 2012 ADT (from NOACA) 14,160 vpd 16,740 vpd Not available Truck % (from NOACA) 3.5% Not available Not available Kinsman Road (east/west) 4-lane roadway section comprised of two travel lanes in each direction. An exclusive WB right turn lane is provided. Left turn movements are made from the shared left through lane. Pavement widths are typically 42 feet but vary between 47 feet and 55 feet at the intersection with E. 93 rd Street due to a wider curb lane width on the eastbound approach and the exclusive right turn lane on the westbound approach. Lane line markings on the east leg are not visible or are significantly worn. Note that lane lines are not visible for eastbound traffic in Figure 2. Sidewalks exist on both sides of Kinsman Road E. 93 rd Street (north/south) 4-lane roadway section comprised two travel lanes in each direction within study limits. Pavement widths at the approaches to the Kinsman Road intersection are approximately 60 feet. The northbound curb lane is 17 feet wide and the southbound curb lane is 16 feet wide. North of Ramona Boulevard, E. 93 rd Street retains a 4-lane section with a total pavement width of 44 feet. Lane line markings are not visible On-street parking is permitted north of Ramona by time of day (7 AM to 6 PM) Sidewalks exist on both sides of E. 93rd Street Overhead lighting is provided on Kinsman Road and E. 93 rd Street. Intersection level lighting is provided in the southeast, northwest and southwest quadrants. EXISTING CONDITIONS 4

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study Greater Cleveland RTA provides transit service in the area with bus stops located in each of the four quadrants of the Kinsman/E. 93 rd Street intersection. Two bus routes, one on Kinsman Road (Route 14) and one on E. 93 rd Street (Route 10) provide 24-hour a day transit service. Transit service operates with 13 minute to 15 minute headways from 6 AM to 6 PM on weekdays with reduced service during other time periods and weekends. INTERSECTION CONDITIONS Kinsman Road intersects E. 93rd Street at a 72 degree angle which is within acceptable limits as specific in the ODOT Location and Design Manual. An angle point in the horizontal alignment of Kinsman Road exists just prior to the intersection with E. 93 rd Street, as shown in Figure 3. The existing deflection angle is approximately four degrees which exceeds the maximum angle allowed for a 30 MPH design speed. The deflection angle results in lane offsets greater than 12 feet across the intersection which reduces intersection sight distance of opposing left turn vehicles. FIGURE 3: INTERSECTION ALIGNMENT The Kinsman Road/E. 93rd Street intersection is controlled with a mast arm design traffic signal installation. Features of the signal operation are summarized below: The southbound approach provides a protected/permissive left turn phase (lead) for turning vehicles from a shared left-through lane. The northbound approach does not feature a protected phase (i.e. left turns are permissive only). The northbound left turn volume is twice that of the southbound left turn volume in the PM peak and seven times higher during the AM peak. The leading SB left turn phase may be in place to queues from extending through the Ramona Boulevard intersection. The E. 93 rd Street through phases end concurrently (i.e. the onset of the yellow change interval occurs at the same time). The onset of the red clearance interval at the Ramona Boulevard intersection begins 1.0 second earlier than at Kinsman Road intersection. The clearance interval times are 4.0 Yellow/2.0 All Red on E. 93 rd Street at Kinsman Road and 3.0 Yellow/2.0 All Red at Ramona Boulevard. The southbound approach features a 5-section and a 3-section signal head. All other approaches feature two 3-section signal heads. The traffic signals at Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street and E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Blvd. are coordinated for north/south progression. EXISTING CONDITIONS 5

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study A red light running (RLR) camera was installed on the westbound Kinsman Road approach in December 2013. Crosswalks, pedestrian signal heads and pushbuttons are provided for all four crossings. Pedestrian phases recalled. The existing pedestrian clearance times meet or exceed the calculated timings based on current industry standards and are in conformance with OMUTCD guidance. Some congestion issues and multi-cycle vehicle queues were noted at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection. Individual movements experienced long queues including the westbound and northbound approaches during the AM peak and the eastbound approach during the PM peak. LAND USE AND PROPERTY ACCESS Land uses along Kinsman Road are a combination of neighborhood commercial business and single family residential. The four quadrants of the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection are comprised of the following land uses: NE quadrant: Cleveland 4 th District Police Station NW quadrant: Shell service station SE quadrant: vacant commercial building SW quadrant: vacant lot and Kinsman Square Party Center & Lounge as well as other vacant store fronts The functional area of an intersection is defined as the area beyond the physical intersection of two roadways as shown in Figure 4. The functional area for a leg of an intersection includes two components: one upstream of the physical area of the intersection and one downstream. The upstream (or intersection approach) includes additional length for decision-making, maneuvering, and required vehicle storage. The downstream area consists of a conflict overlap distance that allows a through vehicle to clear the intersection in addition to downstream conflict points FIGURE 4: INTERSECTION FUNCTIONAL AREA Downstream Upstream Access locations within the influence area of the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection and the E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Boulevard intersection are shown as red circles in Figure 2. Driver attention required to process potential conflicts with vehicles entering or leaving these access points is diverted from the navigation task at the signalized intersection. Access control is almost non-existent for the properties in EXISTING CONDITIONS 6

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study the northwest quadrant, resulting in a high number of access points within the functional area of the intersections. The Shell service station located on the northwest quadrant of the intersection is accessed from four locations, two on Kinsman Road and two on E. 93rd Street, all within 200 feet of the intersection. The access points nearest to the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection are located directly behind the curb return of the intersecting street, approximately 30 feet from the edge of the intersection roadway. The McDonald s located immediately west of the Shell site is accessed from three locations, two on Kinsman Road and one on E. 93rd Street. The access point on E. 93 rd street is within the functional area of the Ramona Boulevard intersection. DATA COLLECTION Manual turning movement counts were conducted at the Kinsman Road/E. 93rd Street intersection on November 21, 2013 from 7-11 AM and from 2-6 PM. Peak traffic volumes occur between 7:30 and 8:30 AM (morning peak hour) and between 4:30 and 5:30 PM (evening peak hour). Hourly volumes are summarized in Graph 1. Manual count data was submitted to NOACA with a request for design year growth rates. Growth rates supplied by NOACA indicate zero growth on the roadways in this area. Therefore, 2013 counted traffic is representative of the 2035 design year traffic used to prepare technical analyses as part of this study. Manual count data and a traffic projection worksheet are provided in Appendix C. Of additional note is a comparison of 2009 count data included in the 2009 safety study referenced in the Background section. Peak hour traffic volumes collected in 2013 are between 9 and 17 percent higher than the 2009 counts, as shown in Graph 1. GRAPH 1: TRAFFIC VOLUMES BY HOUR (WEEKDAY) EXISTING CONDITIONS 7

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study INTERSECTION CAPACITY Intersection capacity was evaluated to assess existing operating conditions and to identify critical deficiencies that may contribute to safety issues. Analyses were prepared using existing (2013) peak hour traffic volumes and existing signal timing and phasing. Existing levels of service and vehicle delay are summarized in Table 2. Analysis methodology and detailed output reports are included in Appendix G. Results indicate that under current conditions, there are capacity deficiencies at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection during the AM peak hour, specifically for the NB approach. The volume to capacity ratio of the NB approach is 1.26 during the AM peak, which is 26% over capacity. TABLE 2: EXISTING INTERSECTION CAPACITY SUMMARY EB Approach WB APPROACH NB APPROACH SB APPROACH INTERSECTION Kinsman Road/E. 93rd Street 2013 AM D/41.5 D/45.5 F/154.5 C/20.2 E/76.3 2013 PM D/35.0 C/22.1 D/41.7 C/21.4 C/29.9 E. 93rd Street/Ramona Blvd 2013 AM C/33.1 D/40.0 A/4.1 A/3.8 A/8.6 2013 PM D/35.6 D/45.6 A/1.1 A/3.4 A/6.7 Note: Letter/Number - Level of Service/Average Delay per Vehicle EXISTING CONDITIONS 8

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study CRASH ANALYSIS CRASH DATA Crash data was furnished by the Ohio Department of Transportation for Kinsman Road/E. 93rd Street intersection, encompassing a three-year study period between 2010 and 2012. The crash data included crashes at the E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Boulevard intersection due to its close proximity to the study intersection. The OH-1 report for each documented crash was reviewed to confirm accuracy and to locate crashes properly within the study limits. Crash diagrams are provided in Appendix D. Noteworthy crash statistics for the three-year period are summarized below and shown graphically in Graphs 2 and 3. Statewide averages for crashes on state system, non-freeway locations are shown in parentheses based on data for years 2008 through 2012. Total crashes: 88 total crashes Injury: 35 crashes or 39.8 percent (25.4 percent) Rear end: 42 crashes or 47.7 percent (30.9 percent) Left Turn: 15 crashes or 17.0 percent (5.2 percent) Angle: 14 crashes or 15.9 percent (15.6 percent) Pedestrian: 6 crashes or 6.8 percent (0.8 percent) Rear end, left turn and angle crashes represent the top 3 crash types observed at the intersection, accounting for over 80 percent of the total crashes. GRAPH 2: FREQUENCY OF CRASHES BY CRASH TYPE CRASH ANALYSIS 9

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study GRAPH 3: FREQUENCY OF CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL The predictive method described in Part C of the Highway Safety Manual provides steps to estimate the expected average crash frequency of a site for a given time period, geometric design, traffic control features, and traffic volumes. The expected average crash frequency (N expected ) is estimated using a predictive model estimate of crash frequency for a specific site type (N predicted ) together with observed crash frequency (where available). Predicted average crash frequency: This step involves determination of the predicted crash frequency which reflects how a site would be expected to perform relative to 1,000 similar sites. Calculation of predicted crash frequency utilizes Safety Performance Functions (SPF) for a base condition. Crash Modification Factors (CMF) are applied to account for specific site characteristics that differ from the base condition. A state-level calibration factor is then applied to normalize the base condition to localized conditions. The resulting value is the Predicted Crash Frequency (N predicted ) Expected average crash frequency: The next step involves calculation of the expected average crash frequency which reflects average performance of the site over an extended period of time based on actual crash history. This step incorporates the Empirical Bayes (EB) method which combines actual (observed) crash history of the study site with predicted average crash frequency. These values are weighted based on an over-dispersion parameter (k) that is the measure of the strength of the model (safety performance factors). The resulting value is the expected average crash frequency (N expected ) EXPECTED EXCESS CRASH RESULTS The difference between the predicted and expected average crash frequencies is termed the Expected Excess Crashes for the site, as shown in Figure 5. If the expected average crash frequency is greater than CRASH ANALYSIS 10

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study the predicted average crash frequency, then the site has potential for safety improvement. If expected frequency is less than predicted frequency, then the site is expected to experience fewer crashes per year on average than its peers. FIGURE 5: EXPECTED EXCESS CRASHES The HSM predictive method for urban/suburban arterials was applied to the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection to determine the potential for safety improvement. A single intersection element was included in the evaluation. Results presented in Table 3 conclude that the expected crash frequency is greater than the predicted crash frequency, suggesting that the site experiences on more crashes per year than its peers and that there is potential for safety improvements. A detailed explanation of HSM methodology as well as HSM output reports are provided in Appendix E. TABLE 3: HSM RESULTS FOR EXISTING CONDITIONS Intersection: Kinsman Road/ E. 93 rd street Predicted Average Crash Frequency 18.2 (Npredicted) Expected Average Crash Frequency Existing Conditions 21.2 (Nexpected,existing) Expected Excess Crashes 2.9 Potential for Safety Improvement? Yes CRASH ANALYSIS 11

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study OBSERVED CRASH HISTORY A review of observed and documented crash history in the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd street intersection area suggests patterns that are consistent with urban/suburban intersections. The most prevalent crash types reported were rear end, angle, left turn, sideswipe passing, and pedestrian crashes accounting for 94 percent of the total crashes. The top five crash types were distributed within the intersection as summarized in Table 4. TABLE 4: CRASH SUMMARY CRASH EASTBOUND WESTBOUND NORTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND TOTAL CRASHES TYPE (INJURY CRASHES) Rear End 12 (Approach) 6 (approach) 4 (receiving) 10 (approach) 8 (approach) 2 (receiving) 42 (15) Left Turn 2 (intersection) 3 (intersection) 3 (intersection) 4 (driveway) 1 (driveway) 2 (intersection) 15 (9) Angle 2 (intersection) 1 (intersection) 3 (intersection) 4 (Intersection) 1 (driveway) 1 (driveway) 2 (driveway) 14 (5) Sideswipe Passing 4 (approach) 1 (approach) 1 (departure) 0 6 (0) Pedestrian 3 (south x-ing) 1 (north x-ing) 2 (east x-ing) 0 6 (4) Rear End Crashes A total of 42 rear end crashes were reported at the study intersection with 36 percent resulting in injury. A review of crashes by hour of day indicates that rear end crash patterns peak between 10AM and 12PM and between 4PM and 6PM. Fifty percent of the rear end crashes occurred during these four hours. Left turn crashes Fifteen left turn crashes were reported at the study intersection with 60 percent resulting in injury. Ten of the left turn crashes occurred within the intersection with the remaining five crashes occurring at adjacent driveways within the influence area of the intersection. All the driveway related left turn crashes occurred at driveways to the Shell site in the northwest quadrant (four on Kinsman Road and one on E. 93 rd street). Angle Crashes Fourteen angle crashes were reported at the study intersection. Ten of the angle crashes occurred within the intersection. Four occurred at adjacent driveways within the influence area of the intersection. The majority of right turn angle crashes were attributed to red light violations or vehicles clearing the intersection through the yellow change/all red clearance phases. Pedestrian Crashes Six pedestrian crashes were reported at the intersection: 3 on the south leg of E. 93 rd Street, 2 on the east leg of Kinsman, and 1 on the west leg of Kinsman. All crashes involved non-fatal injuries to the pedestrian involved. Pedestrian crashes are summarized below. West leg of Kinsman Road (southbound through phase): One pedestrian crash was reported on the west leg within the three year analysis period. This crash occurred on Tuesday, April 6, 2010 at 2 PM. The pedestrian began southbound across Kinsman Road. The driver of the involved vehicle attempted a southbound right turn and failed to see the pedestrian. Both parties indicate that the pedestrian WALK phase was active. No citation was issued. East leg of Kinsman Road (northbound through phase): Two pedestrian crashes were reported on the east leg within the three year analysis period. CRASH ANALYSIS 12

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study One crash occurred on Friday, August 6, 2010 at an unreported time. A pedestrian attempted to cross Kinsman Road to catch a public bus during the DO NOT WALK phase. The driver of the involved vehicle intended to travel westbound through the intersection on Kinsman when the pedestrian entered the road. No citation was issued. One crash occurred on Tuesday, September 12, 2010 at 2 PM. A pedestrian attempted to cross Kinsman Road heading northbound. The driver of the involved vehicle intended to travel westbound through the intersection on Kinsman Road when the pedestrian entered the road. Right-of-way was not indicated. No citation was issued. South leg of E. 93 rd Street (eastbound through phase): Three pedestrian crashes were reported on the south leg within the three year analysis period. One crash occurred on Tuesday, January 26, 2010 at 10 AM. The driver of the vehicle involved stopped for a red light travelling northbound on E. 93 rd Street. Upon stopping, the vehicle extended over the marked stop line and into the intersection. At that time, two pedestrians began to cross E. 93 rd (travelling westbound) outside of the marked crosswalk and behind the stopped vehicle. The driver backed his vehicle out of the intersection and struck the pedestrian crossing behind him. No citation was issued. One crash occurred on Thursday, August 25, 2011 at 5 PM. A pedestrian attempted to cross East 93 rd Street (travelling eastbound). The driver of the involved vehicle attempted an eastbound right turn from Kinsman Road to E. 93 rd when she saw the pedestrian in the crosswalk and failed to brake in time. No citation was issued. One crash occurred on Monday, November 19, 2012 at 12 PM. A pedestrian attempted to cross E. 93 rd Street (travelling eastbound) outside of the marked crosswalk and during a DO NOT WALK phase. The driver of the involved vehicle was travelling southbound through the intersection when the pedestrian entered the vehicles path. No citation was issued. CRASH ANALYSIS 13

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study COUNTERMEASURES The following section addresses contributing factors associated with the prevalent crashes patterns at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection and possible countermeasures to mitigate those crashes. Additional countermeasures are recommended to minimize potential safety issues that may not be directly attributed to historical crash trends. Detailed technical analyses including intersection capacity reports, clearance interval calculations and turn lane sizing calculations are summarized in Appendix F, G and H. The following are key factors that contribute to the most prevalent crash patterns observed at the Kinsman Road/E. 93th Street intersection: Countermeasure recommendations are intended to address these factors. Substandard horizontal alignment on Kinsman Road: Intersection-related crashes occurring upstream or downstream of the physical intersection can be attributed to the substandard horizontal alignment on Kinsman Road which reduces intersection sight distance of opposing left turn vehicles. Absence of left turn lanes: There are no exclusive left turn lanes at the intersection. Exclusive turn lanes (right or left) allow separation of slower moving turning vehicles from the through traffic and provide a dedicated space for turning vehicle to wait before executing the desired movements. Turn lane reduce the need for a through vehicle to slow or stop to avoid a rear end crash with a turning vehicle and thereby can be used to mitigate rear end crashes. In cases where left turn demand is high, the inside shared left-through lane becomes a default left turn lane, forcing all through traffic to the curb lane. Concentration of through traffic to a single lane can negatively impact capacity of the intersection, result in increased delay and queue lengths which increase crash potential. The absence of left turn lanes on E. 93 rd Street influences vehicle stacking in the 100 feet that separates Kinsman Road and Ramona Boulevard. Southbound vehicle queues are currently managed by providing a leading protected SB phase that clears vehicles out of the short distance between intersections before the NB movements are permitted. This leading phase allocates green time to low volumes movements (i.e. the SB left turn) which increases delay and queues in more critical movements such as the NB right turn and WB left turn. Uncontrolled property access: A contributing factor of some left turn and angle crashes is the uncontrolled access points serving the properties in the northwest quadrant of the intersection. These access points are in close proximity to the physical intersection and left turn movements to and from the Shell and McDonald s sites conflict with traffic traversing the intersection. Deteriorating pavement markings: The absence of clear pavement markings make lane differentiation difficult for motorists. Worn pavement markings were noted throughout the study area. Low expectancy of the traffic signal: Rear end crashes are concentrated on the eastbound Kinsman Road approach 16 of the total 42 rear end crashes) with the majority of those crashes being intersection related as opposed to driveway related. The closest upstream signal on Kinsman Road is approximately 0.60 miles west of the E. 93 rd Street intersection. With travel speeds observed to be in excess of the 35 MPH posted speed limit, motorists approaching the E 93 rd Street intersection may not be expecting a traffic signal and are unprepared to stop on the approach. The minimum sight distance for signal visibility at 45 MPH is 460 feet which is satisfied on Kinsman Road. COUNTERMEASURES 14

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study ALL CRASHES 88 CRASHES The following countermeasures are recommended to mitigate all crashes at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection. Upgrade clearance intervals: Modification of the yellow change and all red clearance times is recommended. Calculations have been prepared in accordance with the ODOT Traffic Engineering Manual and ITE recommended practices, as summarized in Appendix F. Standardize clearance intervals along E. 93 rd Street for both intersections. The recommended clearance intervals reflect not offset between intersections to discourage red light running in either direction. Upgrade pavement markings on Kinsman Road and E. 93 rd Street: Pavement marking upgrades are recommended to improve visibility and lane delineation at the intersection. Pavement markings changes will accompany changes in the horizontal alignment on Kinsman Road and lane use on E. 93 rd Street, as described below. Correct horizontal alignment on Kinsman Road: Horizontal alignment changes are recommended on Kinsman Road to eliminate the angle points. This can be achieved within the existing curb lines by eliminating the westbound right turn lane as shown in Figure 6. Demand for the westbound right turn is a low with 50 vehicles or less during the peak hours. Good levels of service area expected to be maintained. Increase capacity for northbound and southbound left turn movements on E. 93 rd Street: In the existing condition, the NB 93 rd Street approach is operating over capacity with a volume to capacity ratio of 1.26 during the AM peak hour. This is due in part to the leading phase currently provided for the SB approach, which has significantly less left turn volume than the NB left turn movement (AM: NBLT=208 vph, SBLT=28 vph, PM: NBLT=137 vph, SBLT=66 vph). The following options were evaluated to increase capacity for the NB left turn movement while managing queue spillback on E. 93 rd Street between Kinsman Road and Ramona Boulevard. Capacity analysis results for each option are summarized in Table 5. Short term Option 1 - Change N/S signal phasing: The first option to manage left turn movements and capacity deficiencies at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection is to change the north/south signal phasing. This change would involve adding a leading protected/permissive left turn phase for the northbound approach and eliminating the protected/permissive phase on the southbound approach. Capacity results show that this option decreases the v/c ratio for the NB approach from 1.26 to 0.94, a 34 percent reduction. The advantages to this option are improved signal operation and ease of implementation. The disadvantage of this option is that it does not secure exclusive left turn lanes on E. 93 rd Street Short term Option 2 Add N/S left turn lanes with asymmetric lane section: The second option is exclusive left turn lanes on E. 93 rd Street within the existing curb lines with an asymmetric lane configuration described below and shown in Figure 6.» NB lane configuration: L-T-R this change reduces the NB approach to a single through lane which then requires only one NB receiving lane (between Kinsman and Ramona). The existing pavement width on the south leg is approximately 60 feet, which provides sufficient width for a NB right turn lane. A NB right turn lane provides additional capacity for the approach with the added benefit of providing space for bus stops without blocking through traffic. COUNTERMEASURES 15

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study» SB lane configuration: L-T-TR Converts the one of the NB through lanes at the Ramona Boulevard intersection to a SB left turn lane at Kinsman. This change results in only one NB lane (shared through-right turn lane) at the Ramona Boulevard intersection. The advantage to this option is that it provides exclusive left turn lanes on E. 93 rd Street without pavement widening. The disadvantage to this option is the reduction in NB travel lanes on E. 93 rd Street which results in a v/c ratio of 1.0 for the NB approach. Long term Option 1 Widen E. 93 rd Street to a five-lane section: A long term option is to widen E. 93 rd Street to a five-lane section with two through lanes in each direction and exclusive left turn lanes at the Kinsman Road intersection. This option provides the best overall levels of service but would involve pavement widening and property acquisition. Since both Short Term Option 1 and Option 2 provide the needed operational improvements with low cost and easily implemented countermeasures, the long term option of widening 93 rd Street is not the preferred safety countermeasure at this time. Long term Option 2 Widen Kinsman Road to a five-lane section: A second long term option is to widen Kinsman Drive to a five-lane section with two through lanes in each direction and exclusive left turn lanes at the E. 93 rd Street intersection. Since the left turn volumes on Kinsman Road are low relative to E. 93 rd Street, this countermeasure alone does not mitigate the identified NB capacity deficiencies, but it could provide some mitigation to rear end and angle crashes involving vehicles turning to and from the access driveway on the NW quadrant. Since this countermeasure alone does not mitigate NB capacity deficiencies and access management improvements recommended in this report have the potential to mitigate rear end and angle crashes, the long term option of widening Kinsman Road is not the preferred safety countermeasure at this time. COUNTERMEASURES 16

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study TABLE 5: CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR SHORT AND LONG TERM COUNTERMEASURES EB Approach WB APPROACH NB APPROACH SB APPROACH INTERSECTION Kinsman Road at E. 93rd Street 2013 AM D/41.5 D/45.5 F/154.5 C/20.2 E/76.3 2035 AM - Change N/S Phasing D/39.5 D/44.1 D/35.4 B/18.6 D/36.6 2035 AM - Add N/S Turn Lanes D/36.8 D/48.4 D/47.3 C/29.0 D/42.9 2035 AM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/22.6 C/27.6 C/22.6 D/35.1 C/26.1 2035 AM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes 1 C/27.2 D/42.2 F/84.4 B/17.9 D/49.5 2013 PM D/35.0 C/22.1 D/41.7 C/21.4 C/29.9 2035 PM - Change N/S Phasing D/36.6 C/20.3 C/21.3 C/23.8 C/26.6 2035 PM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/32.1 B/19.7 C/22.3 C/34.6 C/28.0 2035 PM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.1 B/19.7 B/18.1 C/34.5 C/27.1 2035 PM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes 1 C/22.2 B/19.4 D/38.5 C/26.2 C/25.9 E. 93rd Street at Ramona Blvd. 2013 AM C/33.1 D/40.0 A/4.1 A/3.8 A/8.6 2035 AM - Change N/S Phasing C/32.7 D/41.0 A/2.2 A/4.3 A/7.7 2035 AM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/33.3 D/43.8 A/4.5 A/4.1 A/9.3 2035 AM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/41.0 A/1.6 A/4.3 A/7.3 2035 AM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/38.8 A/2.6 A/3.9 A/7.7 2013 PM D/35.6 D/45.6 A/1.1 A/3.4 A/6.7 2035 PM - Change N/S Phasing C/32.7 D/41.0 A/3.2 A/4.3 A/8.3 2035 PM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/33.3 D/43.8 A/7.0 A/4.1 B/10.8 2035 PM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/41.0 A/3.7 A/4.3 A/8.6 2035 PM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes D/35.6 D/45.6 A/7.6 A/3.4 A/9.3 Note: Letter/Number - Level of Service/Average Delay per Vehicle 1 Analysis of this scenario assumes no changes to NB/SB movements on E. 93rd Street LEFT TURN AND ANGLE CRASHES 8 CRASHES The following access management improvements are recommended to mitigate driveway-related angle and left turn crashes on Kinsman Road and E. 93 rd Street. Install a bollard median design at the following locations to control left turn movements to and from the Shell access driveways nearest to the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection. A bollard style design similar to what is shown in Photo 1 is a low cost option for controlling turning movements at access points. A higher cost solution is a raised median (4ft width plus 1 ft minimum shoulder width) that could be considered as a long term countermeasure if a five-lane section is pursued on E. 93 rd Street. The north leg of E. 93 rd Street for a distance of approximately 85 feet to control left turn movements to and from the Shell access driveway nearest to Kinsman Road. The west leg of Kinsman Road for a distance of approximately 150 feet to control left turn movements to and from the Shell access driveways. COUNTERMEASURES 17

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study PHOTO1: BOLLARD MEDIAN TREATMENT REAR END CRASHES 42 CRASHES The following countermeasures are recommended for further mitigation of rear end crashes. Upgrade traffic signal installation at Kinsman Road and E. 93 rd Street: The following upgrades to the traffic signal are recommended to mitigate rear end crashes and improve overall safety in conjunction with the proposed capacity improvements discussed above. This recommendation includes the following components: Replace all signal heads and install new heads with reflective back plates Relocate stop lines on E. 93 rd Street at Ramona Boulevard: Relocation of the stop line on the E. 93 rd Street southbound approach to Ramona Boulevard is recommended. The existing stop line is positioned such that SB vehicles do not block the access driveway to McDonald s, effectively creating an unsignalized approach within a signalized intersection. Advancing the stop line gives priority to traffic on the public street rather than to traffic accessing an uncontrolled access driveway. Additionally, relocation of the stop bar will reduce all red clearance time for the through movements on E. 93 rd Street. Install Signal Ahead sign on Kinsman Road: Installation of a Signal Ahead (W3-3) warning sign is recommended on the eastbound Kinsman Road approach to E. 93 rd Street to improve driver expectancy. The OMUTCD states that advance traffic control signs may be used for additional emphasis of the primary traffic control device, even when the visibility distance to the device is satisfactory, as is the case on Kinsman Road. COUNTERMEASURES 18

McDonald's Kinsman Express Liquor Shell Line Ups Barber Salon Queen Esther Hall Ramona Blvd. Harris Avenue E 93th Street E 93th Street Carton Avenue Proposed R3-8b Proposed R3-7L E 94th Street Kinsman Road 4th District Police Station E 94th Street > CUY-422 Concept Plan FIGURE 6 Improving the Quality of Life TM

CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS Benefit cost analysis is a tool to determine the financial benefits of a project by comparing the net present value (NPV) of a project to NPV of the safety benefit provided by that project. Benefit cost values greater than one indicate a positive return on the original investment. Preferred countermeasures are those having the highest NPV of safety benefits. BENEFIT COST FOR SHORT TERM COUNTERMEASURES A benefit cost analysis was prepared using the ODOT ECAT analysis tool. Crash modification factors were applied for the following improvements. This does not account for all recommended improvements, rather only those countermeasures that have CMF values. Modify change plus clearance intervals: A CMF of 0.91 was applied to all crashes. This is a standard CMF offering in the ODOT ECAT tool. Install a left turn lane: A CMF of 0.79 was applied to all crashes. This CMF was obtained from the FHWA Crash Modification Factor Clearinghouse and has a 3 star rating. Provide raised median: A CMF value of 0.697 was applied to driveway related crashes on the west leg of Kinsman and the north leg of E. 93 rd Street. This CMF was obtained from the FHWA Crash Modification Factor Clearinghouse and has a 3 star quality rating. Project costs were estimated for all short term countermeasures listed in the Countermeasures section including pavement mill and overlay for new pavement markings, traffic signal upgrade, signing upgrades, and bollard medians. Construction cost estimates assume the following: 35 percent design risk 17.5 percent inflation rate for an estimated 2017 construction year. No right of way impact anticipated for short term countermeasures Cost estimates and benefit cost analysis reports from the ECAT tool are included in Appendix I. Table 6 provides summarizes the benefit cost analysis results. TABLE 6: SHORT TERM BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS FOR BROADVIEW ROAD AND BROOKPARK ROAD Modify change plus clearance intervals Countermeasures with CMF Install left-turn lane values used in ECAT Tool Provide raised median Expected annual crash -5.965 adjustment Net present value of project $367,000 Net present value of safety benefit Benefit / Cost Ratio 9.67 $3,180.942 BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS 20

APPENDIX A PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

DGL Consulting Engineers, LLC Experience that matters! Founded 1926 ODOT SAFETY STUDY CUY-US-422-4.34 HCLIS #195 OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT TWELVE PREPARED BY: DGL CONSULTING ENGINEERS DATE: APRIL 2009 3455 Briarfield Blvd Suite E Maumee, Ohio 43537 (419) 535-1015 Fax: (419) 535-1429 www.dgl-ltd.com

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PURPOSE AND NEED... 1 BACKGROUND...1-2 ANALYSES CRASH DATA...3-4 CAPACITY ANALYSIS...4-7 POSSIBLE CAUSES...7-8 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDED COUNTERMEASURES AND COST...9-10 RATE OF RETURN ANALYSES... 11 FIGURES, TABLES AND APPENDICES PAGE TABLE 1 - US 422 & E. 93 RD STREET TRAFFIC DATA... 1 TABLE 2 - THREE YEAR CRASH DATA...3 TABLE 3 - INTERSECTION CRASH RATES... 3 TABLE 4 - US 422 & E. 93 RD STREET 2009 EXISTING TIMINGS CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS.. 6 TABLE 5 - US 422 & E. 93 RD STREET 2009 REVISED TIMINGS CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS... 6 TABLE 6 US 422 & E. 93 RD STREET 2030 CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS... 6 TABLE 7 - US 422 & E. 93 RD STREET 2030 REVISED TIMINGS CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS... 6 TABLE 8 - US 422 & RAMONA CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS... 7 TABLE 9 - RATE OF RETURN ANALYSIS... 11 FIGURE 1 - EXISTING CONDITIONS DIAGRAM (1 OF 3)... 12 FIGURE 2 - EXISTING CONDITIONS DIAGRAM (2 OF 3)... 13 FIGURE 3 - EXISTING CONDITIONS DIAGRAM (3 OF 3)... 14 FIGURE 4 - COLLISION DIAGRAM... 15 FIGURE 5 - CONCEPUTAL PLAN LONG TERM...16-17 APPENDIX A TRAFFIC DATA APPENDIX B PHOTO LOG APPENDIX C CRASH ANALYSIS MODULE (CAMTOOL) OUTPUT APPENDIX D COUNTERMEASURE ANALYSIS i

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Need US Route 422 at the intersection with East 93 rd Street in Cuyahoga County was selected for safety analysis due to a documented high crash frequency. Within the study area from 2005 to 2007, 46 crashes occurred at the US 422 and E. 93 rd Street intersection. Due to this documented high crash frequency, ODOT s Highway Safety Program ranked the intersection, mile post 4.34, number 195 on the 2007 list of High Crash locations. The purpose of this study is to identify potential countermeasures to reduce the number and severity of crashes on the corridor. Figure 1 shows an aerial view of the corridor. Background Within the study area US 422 (Kinsman Road) is a four lane urban minor arterial with a posted speed limit of 35 MPH. The study area includes the signalized intersection of US 422 and E. 93 rd Street. E. 93 rd Street is a four-lane urban minor arterial with a posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour. The 2007 annual average daily traffic (AADT) for US 422 at E. 93 rd Street is approximately 16,360 vehicles per day with 2.6 percent trucks based on historical data from ODOT s Travel Survey Report. Traffic counts taken in January 2009 result in the volumes shown in Table 1. Approach 2009 ADT K Value 2009 DHV 2030 ADT East Leg US 422 14,820 0.1002 1,485 18,050 West Leg US 422 17,260 0.1002 1,730 21,000 North Leg E 93rd St 12,960 0.1002 1,300 15,780 South Leg E 93rd St 13,590 0.1002 1,360 16,550 Table 1 US 422 & E. 93 rd Street Traffic Data A total of 29,310 vehicles per day enter the intersection based on 2009 counts. Based on ODOT historical data from 1980 through 2007, the growth rate from 2007 to 2030 is projected to be approximately 1.03 percent. A total of approximately 35,690 vehicles per day are projected to enter the intersection in the design year of 2030. US 422 (Kinsman) was reconstructed several years ago from the bridge west of the E. 93 rd intersection to the city limits on the east. Concrete pavement was installed as a part of the project. The concrete pavement extends on E. 93 rd approximately 70 feet north of the intersection and 55 feet south of the intersection. 1

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 A right turn lane is provided westbound on US 422, but all remaining approaches operate with right-through and left-through lanes. Street lighting is present at the intersection. The intersection of E. 93 rd and Ramona was reconfigured with the project. The E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Boulevard signalized intersection is located less than 150 feet north of the US 422 (Kinsman)/E. 93 rd intersection with Ramona running east from the intersection. Across from the Ramona approach is a driveway to the Shell station and a driveway to McDonalds offset 50 foot to the north. The southbound E. 93 rd Street stop bar is located north of the McDonalds drive, thus making the driveway part of the intersection. The signal at E. 93 rd Street and Ramona Boulevard does not provide signal control for these two drives. Figures 1-3 depict the Existing Conditions. All traffic data including traffic counts, K factors, and growth rates can be found in Appendix A. See Appendix B for a Photo Log of the intersection. 2

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 ANALYSES Crash Data From 2005 to 2007, 46 crashes occurred in the vicinity of the intersection of US 422 and E. 93 rd Street. Sixteen crashes (26.1%) occurred in 2005, 16 crashes (34.8%) occurred in 2006, and 18 crashes (39.1%) occurred in 2007. There were no fatal crashes in this area over the three year study period. No crash data was provided for the E. 93 rd and Ramona Boulevard intersection. Table 2 shows general crash information. Appendix C contains the complete Crash Analysis Module CAM Tool output. % CRASH TYPE % CONTRIBUTING FACTORS* 43.5 Rear End 20.8 Following to Close 17.4 Angle 14.6 Failure to Yield 15.2 Left Turn 14.6 Driver Inattention 15.2 Sideswipe - Passing 12.5 Ran Red Light 4.3 Pedestrian 12.5 Other Driver Error 2.2 Backing 8.3 Failure to Control 2.2 Fixed Object 4.2 Improper Turning 4.2 Improper Lane Change 4.2 View Obstructed % SEVERITY 2.1 Improper Backing 60.9 Property Damage Only 2.1 Improper Start from Parked Position 39.1 Injury % PAVEMENT CONDITIONS 76.1 Dry % SPEED 19.6 Wet 65.2 20 and Under 4.4 Slush / Ice 13.0 21-25 6.5 26-35 % TIME OF DAY 4.3 36 and Over 69.6 Day 10.9 Unknown 26.1 Night Table 2 Three Year Crash Data The crash rate for the intersection was calculated and compared to other intersections around the state with the following results: Intersection Crash Rate I-J-K Statewide # of Crashes Entering Vehicles (ACC/MEV) Statistics 46 29,310 1.43 0.646 Table 3 Intersection Crash Rates Average crash rates are not computed for intersections due to the different types of intersections around the state. However, the I-J-K Statewide Statistics give a comparison of how an intersection crash rate compares in relation to similar intersections around the state. ODOT s I-J-K Statewide Statistics from 2005-2007 was used for comparison purposes. The statewide crash rate for a four lane urban 3

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 signalized intersection is 0.646 ACC/MEV (Crashes per Million Entering Vehicles). The US 422 and E. 93rd Street intersection crash rate is above the statewide statistical average. Observations from the crash data are as noted: Twenty crashes (43.5 percent) were of the rear end type on the approaches. Seven rear end crashes occurred on the westbound and northbound approaches each, with three on the southbound, two on the eastbound, and one eastbound past the intersection. A majority of rear end crashes were the result of vehicles crashing into vehicles stopping or already stopped at a red light. Only four crashes were directly attributable to vehicles turning left from a shared movement lane. Another trend was vehicles accelerating at a green light too quickly and rear ending the vehicle ahead. Eight crashes (17.4 percent) at the intersection were angle crashes. Seven of the angle crashes occurred in the intersection with one occurring at the driveway to KFC. Of the seven intersection angle crashes, six can be attributed to red-light running. Seven crashes (15.2 percent) were left turning crashes, with four eastbound when turning left, two westbound when turning left, and one southbound when turning left. Sideswipe-passing crashes also made up 15.2 percent of crashes, distributed evenly throughout the approaches. Collision Diagrams for the discussed US 422 corridor is depicted in Figure 4. Capacity Analysis The lane configurations for the intersections are shown in Figure 1-3 Existing Conditions Diagrams. Due to the number of rear end, angle, and left turning crashes at the intersections, the intersection capacity was analyzed using the methods and procedures presented in the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). The results define the traffic flow conditions and are expressed in terms of level of service (LOS). Level of service is a quality measure describing conditions within a traffic stream, generally in terms of service measures such as speed, travel time, freedom to maneuver, traffic interruptions, comfort, and convenience (Highway Capacity Manual 2000). LOS designations range from A to F; LOS A describes near-ideal traffic operations, LOS F is characterized by heavy congestion and long delays. For signalized intersections, the performance measure is control delay for the entire intersection. Control delay includes the time consumed by initial deceleration, queue move up, stopped traffic, and final acceleration that would not occur in the absence of traffic control. The intersection was analyzed under 2009 existing conditions, as well as with revised timings and phasing. The US 422 and E. 93 rd Street intersection currently operates with a leading southbound phase and permitted left turns only for the remaining three 4

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 approaches. Existing signal timings and phasings for the intersection were provided by the City of Cleveland. Table 4 shows the results of the 2009 Capacity Analysis. Capacity analysis calculation output is included in Appendix D. Approach AM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) PM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) Eastbound C (22.6) C (31.7) Westbound C (24.9) C (20.9) Northbound C (31.9) C (24.0) Southbound B (14.6) B (16.4) Intersection C (24.8) C (24.3) Table 4 US 422 & E. 93rd Street 2009 Existing Timings Capacity Analysis Results Based on the results of the capacity analysis, the intersection performs adequately during the AM and PM peaks with the existing signal timing. Revisions in the timing of the existing phasing failed to significantly improve operations. However, because the southbound left turn volume is considerably less than the northbound left turn volume and slightly less than the westbound left turn volume as well, an alternate phasing allowing instead for a northbound leading phase was analyzed. Approach AM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) PM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) Eastbound B (16.0) C (26.4) Westbound C (21.0) B (15.8) Northbound B (17.1) B (14.1) Southbound C (21.0) C (29.9) Intersection B (18.5) C (22.4) Table 5 2009 Revised Phasing Capacity Analysis Results By switching the protected left turn phase to the higher volume northbound movement a delay improvement of 14.8 seconds per vehicle on the northbound approach, which experienced the most rear end accidents, is possible during the AM peak. During the PM peak however the northbound left turn volume is still slightly greater but the overall approach volume is lower than southbound, therefore due to the increase in through volume capacity with leading phase, little difference is observed in total intersection efficiency. 5

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 The intersection was then analyzed for the design year 2030 with existing timings and phasings. The results are shown in Table 6 2030 Capacity Analysis Results. Approach AM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) PM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) Eastbound C (27.5) F (80.6) Westbound C (29.6) C (23.9) Northbound E (57.8) C (27.4) Southbound B (16.5) B (19.0) Intersection D (35.3) D (44.4) Table 6 US 422 & E. 93rd Street 2030 Capacity Analysis Results Based on the results, the intersection fails with LOS E or F under the existing timing plan. Revisions to the timing and phasing were made and the results are shown in Table 7. Approach AM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) Revised Revised Timing Phasing PM Peak LOS(Delay in sec/veh) Revised Revised Timing Phasing Eastbound C (34.3) C (21.2) D (35.7) D (40.3) Westbound D (36.1) C (24.3) B (17.5) C (21.9) Northbound D (39.5) C (21.9) D (36.5) C (25.4) Southbound B (14.8) C (25.6) C (22.7) D (41.0) Intersection C (33.1) C (23.2) C (29.0) C (34.3) Table 7 US 422 & E. 93rd Street 2030 Revised Timing Capacity Analysis Results With changes to timings, an acceptable LOS can be achieved. Even better LOS can be achieved by moving the protected left turn phase to the northbound movement, giving an improvement of 10 sec/veh during the AM peak. However, with growth in traffic the through volumes approach 450 vehicles per lane, the suggested maximum per the Location & Design Manual. Although the capacity analysis shows adequate LOS can be achieved, timing revisions are necessary. With volumes approaching lane capacity, optimal efficiency will become critical, therefore revisions in the timings should be able to be made for each cycle via actuation. It is unclear if the signal is currently capable of functioning as actuated; however in the design year the entire signal should operate as coordinated-actuated to optimize capacity. 6

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 Due to its proximity to the US 422 and E. 93 rd Street intersection, the E. 93 rd Street and Ramona intersection was also analyzed for capacity problems which may affect the US 422/E. 93 rd intersection. It was found that the signal operates very well with the existing timing on the E. 93 rd Street approaches and adequately on the low volume minor approach of Ramona Boulevard. Approach 2009 LOS(Delay in sec/veh) 2030 LOS(Delay in sec/veh) AM Peak PM Peak AM Peak PM Peak Westbound C (31.2) C (31.7) C (32.1) C (32.9) Northbound A (6.3) A (5.9) A (6.8) A (6.2) Southbound A (5.5) A (6.2) A (5.7) A (6.7) Intersection A (7.9) A (8.0) A (8.4) A (8.5) Table 8 E. 93rd Street & Ramona Capacity Analysis Results Possible Causes Probable causes for crashes along this corridor include: Signals With 19 rear end crashes and seven angle crashes at or approaching the intersection including six red light runs, overall signal visibility may be an issue. In addition, the signal at the Ramona intersection is easily visible from the E. 93 rd Street northbound approach to US 422. This approach experienced a high number of rear end accidents. While appearing to be coordinated, the signal indications have been observed to be at different phases simultaneously. The proximity of the two intersections permits drivers to see both sets of signal indications while traveling north and south. Visibility of Both Signals - Northbound 600 feet from intersection Simultaneous NB Red at US 422 Red and Green at Ramona Blvd 7

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 Left turns Only the southbound left turn movement has a protected phase, yet has the second lowest left turning volume. With 15.2 percent left turn crashes at the intersection, through volumes of up to 743 vehicles per hour, and shared lanes, it is likely that drivers are attempting to clear the intersection with inadequate gaps. The inability to make left turns also causes through vehicles to either shift to the right lane or stop, which can attribute to rear end crashes. By the design year 2030 the shared through lane volumes on US 422 will be above 450 vehicles per lane, the suggested maximum per Location & Design Manual. While capacity analysis predicts adequate LOS with permitted phasing and shared lanes, the 4-Lane Highway Left Turn Lane Warrant graph warrants left turn lanes for all directions. While intended for unsignalized intersections, such intersections operate the same as the permitted green phase of a signal, thus further displaying the need for turn lanes at the intersection. Signing and Striping Existing pavement markings appear to be worn or nonexistent. No lane use signing or lane use arrows are used at the intersection. Lane lines are not present on US 422. These deficiencies likely play a key factor in the number of sideswipe crashes. Lane Widths With the exception of the northbound approach and part of the southbound approach, the lanes on the approaches to the intersection are ten feet wide. Narrow lanes may directly contribute to the number of sideswiping crashes, as well as other crash types as narrow lane widths adversely affect capacity. 8

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS Recommended Countermeasure and Cost From the analyses it was determined the best solutions for the US 422 corridor are to adjust signal visibility, optimize signal timing and phasing with actuation and coordination, construct left turn lanes, and widen to 12 foot lanes. See Appendix D for a complete breakdown of countermeasures. Short Term 1. Install optical signal lenses at the Ramona Boulevard intersection to reduce the signal s visibility from the northbound approach at the US 422/E. 93 rd intersection. 2. Ensure signals are coordinated such that the E. 93 rd Street green time at the US 422 intersection overlaps completely with green time at the Ramona Boulevard intersection. 3. Install backplates at the US 422/E. 93 rd Street intersection to improve visibility. 4. A five section head should be installed for the northbound movement at the US 422/E. 93 rd intersection to allow the protected lead phase to be shifted to the northbound movement during the AM peak. The signal should be retimed accordingly. 5. The intersection and approaches should be restriped with epoxy pavement markings. Lane lines should be added on US 422, as well as lane use signs and pavement marking arrows added on all multilane approaches at both intersections. The total cost of implementing the proposed short term countermeasures is approximately $30,985 with a total rate of return of 530.96%. Table 9 summarizes the proposed countermeasures, estimated costs, and rates of return for each short term countermeasure separately. Medium Term 1. If not currently equipped for actuation, a video detection system should be installed. Computerized coordination with the Ramona Street signal would then be necessary. The total cost of implementing the proposed medium term countermeasures is approximately $42.000 with a total rate of return of 430.04%. Table 9 summarizes the proposed countermeasures, estimated costs, and rates of return for each medium term countermeasure separately. Long Term 1. US 422 should be widened to accommodate left turn lanes on each approach along with 12 foot lanes in all directions. All widening should be done to the south and east of the intersection due to the availability of land. The existing right turn lane on the east approach will be removed with the widening as traffic 9

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 volumes dictate that it is not needed. Turn lane calculations are based on 2030 Design Year volumes and can be found in Appendix D. The turn lanes lengths including tapers are as follows. West approach 150 foot left turn lane East approach 100 foot left turn lane North approach 75 foot left turn lane. 150 feet is required by calculation, however due to the proximity of the E. 93 rd /Ramona intersection, this is not possible. South approach 230 foot left turn lane 2. Install new mast arm signal installations at the US 422/E. 93 rd and E. 93 rd /Ramona intersections. 3. Retiming and re-phasing of the signals. With the addition of turn lanes, signal timing should accommodate left turn phases. The total cost of implementing the proposed long term countermeasures is approximately $1,468,119 with a total rate of return of 15.77%. Table 9 summarizes the proposed countermeasures, estimated costs, and rates of return for each medium term countermeasure separately. Long term improvements can be seen in Figure 5 Conceptual Plan Long Term. Rate of Return Analyses The implementation costs and rate of return analyses are summarized below and detailed in Appendix D. Typically, short term improvements seek to implement low cost solutions in a short time frame. Medium term solutions seek to implement improvements that are higher in cost and would occur over a several year time frame. Long term solutions are typically high cost and need many years for implementation. All cost estimate prices were determined from ODOT s 2008 Summary of Contracts Awarded or ODOT s Estimator program version 2.5a, with updated prices as of September 24, 2008. The cost estimates are included in Appendix D. 10

ODOT Safety Study CUY-422-4.34 Table 9 Rate of Return Analyses 11

Counter: 01 & 02 Counted By: DGL Weather: Cold, Snow Date: 1/8/09 File Name : US 422 (Kinsman Rd) & E 93rd Street - Raw Site Code : 00050202 Start Date : 1/8/2009 Page No : 1 Groups Printed- Cars - Trucks E 93rd Street Southbound US 422 (Kinsman Rd) Westbound E 93rd Street Northbound US 422 (Kinsman Rd) Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 3 40 12 10 65 1 117 7 15 140 18 82 4 3 107 7 43 7 7 64 376 07:15 AM 3 47 16 6 72 5 172 9 6 192 43 107 2 1 153 7 53 8 10 78 495 07:30 AM 8 68 23 8 107 6 186 22 4 218 28 152 6 3 189 11 75 13 5 104 618 07:45 AM 8 80 26 9 123 7 179 14 6 206 18 145 4 2 169 16 81 14 9 120 618 Total 22 235 77 33 367 19 654 52 31 756 107 486 16 9 618 41 252 42 31 366 2107 08:00 AM 4 76 20 9 109 4 197 10 5 216 33 139 12 4 188 10 93 21 3 127 640 08:15 AM 7 70 20 7 104 3 181 12 8 204 36 130 5 0 171 8 87 14 6 115 594 08:30 AM 2 56 9 5 72 4 135 13 3 155 29 83 6 3 121 10 75 17 2 104 452 08:45 AM 6 56 21 13 96 4 110 26 4 144 29 92 4 0 125 14 63 14 0 91 456 Total 19 258 70 34 381 15 623 61 20 719 127 444 27 7 605 42 318 66 11 437 2142 09:00 AM 6 59 22 9 96 9 134 10 6 159 22 94 4 1 121 12 70 17 6 105 481 09:15 AM 6 52 17 1 76 4 125 7 5 141 22 75 8 2 107 5 74 17 6 102 426 09:30 AM 5 53 12 8 78 7 114 12 4 137 22 61 8 8 99 8 63 22 15 108 422 09:45 AM 7 60 13 6 86 1 91 8 5 105 18 64 4 1 87 10 65 19 5 99 377 Total 24 224 64 24 336 21 464 37 20 542 84 294 24 12 414 35 272 75 32 414 1706 11:00 AM 7 54 14 2 77 5 75 5 3 88 17 64 4 0 85 6 79 21 8 114 364 11:15 AM 7 39 8 9 63 4 73 6 3 86 22 61 6 1 90 2 73 27 8 110 349 11:30 AM 5 46 10 8 69 3 74 8 2 87 14 54 3 7 78 11 72 19 5 107 341 11:45 AM 12 43 10 2 67 8 76 5 0 89 28 63 2 1 94 11 84 23 2 120 370 Total 31 182 42 21 276 20 298 24 8 350 81 242 15 9 347 30 308 90 23 451 1424 12:00 PM 5 62 10 2 79 6 73 15 5 99 22 71 4 2 99 13 106 19 18 156 433 12:15 PM 12 55 12 2 81 7 78 7 3 95 28 57 6 0 91 10 82 22 5 119 386 12:30 PM 7 67 16 10 100 2 89 10 2 103 31 65 3 1 100 8 67 21 10 106 409 12:45 PM 15 60 8 0 83 7 69 10 0 86 21 47 5 0 73 10 78 16 8 112 354 Total 39 244 46 14 343 22 309 42 10 383 102 240 18 3 363 41 333 78 41 493 1582

Counter: 01 & 02 Counted By: DGL Weather: Cold, Snow Date: 1/8/09 File Name : US 422 (Kinsman Rd) & E 93rd Street - Raw Site Code : 00050202 Start Date : 1/8/2009 Page No : 2 Groups Printed- Cars - Trucks E 93rd Street Southbound US 422 (Kinsman Rd) Westbound E 93rd Street Northbound US 422 (Kinsman Rd) Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Left Thru Right Peds App. Total Int. Total 03:00 PM 14 98 18 2 132 12 96 15 3 126 11 75 10 4 100 14 130 26 18 188 546 03:15 PM 13 100 14 11 138 8 96 13 7 124 26 88 7 3 124 12 128 25 21 186 572 03:30 PM 13 110 12 4 139 9 95 9 6 119 28 77 5 3 113 13 121 23 9 166 537 03:45 PM 6 122 30 10 168 8 105 8 1 122 35 119 11 4 169 12 122 30 12 176 635 Total 46 430 74 27 577 37 392 45 17 491 100 359 33 14 506 51 501 104 60 716 2290 04:00 PM 13 122 18 12 165 8 83 13 2 106 15 96 11 1 123 22 127 38 26 213 607 04:15 PM 18 117 11 25 171 6 106 16 1 129 27 91 10 1 129 14 149 37 10 210 639 04:30 PM 16 111 22 5 154 9 103 12 7 131 13 91 8 2 114 22 153 23 20 218 617 04:45 PM 9 143 11 4 167 6 93 12 0 111 15 92 4 3 114 15 195 26 10 246 638 Total 56 493 62 46 657 29 385 53 10 477 70 370 33 7 480 73 624 124 66 887 2501 05:00 PM 16 112 15 12 155 6 89 7 8 110 22 89 7 6 124 14 148 34 13 209 598 05:15 PM 12 138 15 4 169 9 101 9 4 123 21 65 6 0 92 16 171 25 9 221 605 05:30 PM 18 106 11 5 140 7 95 11 2 115 15 79 6 5 105 18 178 33 7 236 596 05:45 PM 8 121 8 6 143 7 91 10 4 112 19 75 11 0 105 18 128 28 17 191 551 Total 54 477 49 27 607 29 376 37 18 460 77 308 30 11 426 66 625 120 46 857 2350 Grand Total 291 2543 484 226 3544 192 3501 351 134 4178 748 2743 196 72 3759 379 3233 699 310 4621 16102 Apprch % 8.2 71.8 13.7 6.4 4.6 83.8 8.4 3.2 19.9 73 5.2 1.9 8.2 70 15.1 6.7 Total % 1.8 15.8 3 1.4 22 1.2 21.7 2.2 0.8 25.9 4.6 17 1.2 0.4 23.3 2.4 20.1 4.3 1.9 28.7 Cars 277 2416 443 226 3362 181 3396 335 133 4045 704 2612 186 72 3574 351 3118 671 310 4450 15431 % Cars 95.2 95 91.5 100 94.9 94.3 97 95.4 99.3 96.8 94.1 95.2 94.9 100 95.1 92.6 96.4 96 100 96.3 95.8 Trucks 14 127 41 0 182 11 105 16 1 133 44 131 10 0 185 28 115 28 0 171 671 % Trucks 4.8 5 8.5 0 5.1 5.7 3 4.6 0.7 3.2 5.9 4.8 5.1 0 4.9 7.4 3.6 4 0 3.7 4.2

Counter: 02 Counted By: DGL Weather: Cold, Snow Date: 1/7/09 File Name : 93rd Street & Ramona Blvd - Raw Site Code : 00050201 Start Date : 1/7/2009 Page No : 1 Groups Printed- Cars - Trucks E 93rd Street Southbound Ramona Blvd. Westbound E 93rd Street Northbound Start Time Left Thru Peds App. Total Left Right Peds App. Total Thru Right Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 2 49 0 51 10 2 1 13 104 13 0 117 181 07:15 AM 0 56 1 57 25 0 3 28 138 15 0 153 238 07:30 AM 5 97 2 104 28 5 3 36 165 20 0 185 325 07:45 AM 3 90 5 98 23 2 1 26 167 26 0 193 317 Total 10 292 8 310 86 9 8 103 574 74 0 648 1061 08:00 AM 0 81 2 83 10 0 0 10 113 19 0 132 225 08:15 AM 1 76 3 80 15 1 1 17 135 20 0 155 252 08:30 AM 1 64 0 65 17 1 1 19 118 18 1 137 221 08:45 AM 1 69 1 71 13 1 1 15 84 9 0 93 179 Total 3 290 6 299 55 3 3 61 450 66 1 517 877 09:00 AM 4 85 0 89 15 0 1 16 90 14 0 104 209 09:15 AM 1 74 0 75 7 0 1 8 75 17 0 92 175 09:30 AM 1 57 1 59 6 0 3 9 74 9 0 83 151 09:45 AM 1 61 1 63 8 1 0 9 70 11 1 82 154 Total 7 277 2 286 36 1 5 42 309 51 1 361 689 11:00 AM 0 64 1 65 5 1 4 10 60 17 1 78 153 11:15 AM 2 67 1 70 11 2 1 14 66 14 0 80 164 11:30 AM 1 67 0 68 9 3 1 13 71 22 0 93 174 11:45 AM 1 84 2 87 12 0 2 14 67 13 0 80 181 Total 4 282 4 290 37 6 8 51 264 66 1 331 672

Counter: 02 Counted By: DGL Weather: Cold, Snow Date: 1/7/09 File Name : 93rd Street & Ramona Blvd - Raw Site Code : 00050201 Start Date : 1/7/2009 Page No : 2 Groups Printed- Cars - Trucks E 93rd Street Southbound Ramona Blvd. Westbound E 93rd Street Northbound Start Time Left Thru Peds App. Total Left Right Peds App. Total Thru Right Peds App. Total Int. Total 12:00 PM 0 77 3 80 9 2 0 11 69 21 2 92 183 12:15 PM 2 64 1 67 6 3 0 9 71 18 1 90 166 12:30 PM 1 66 2 69 9 3 0 12 90 12 0 102 183 12:45 PM 3 63 0 66 13 2 1 16 77 16 1 94 176 Total 6 270 6 282 37 10 1 48 307 67 4 378 708 03:00 PM 1 114 1 116 27 1 1 29 88 33 1 122 267 03:15 PM 3 112 6 121 23 1 0 24 94 27 0 121 266 03:30 PM 1 137 0 138 15 1 2 18 86 21 2 109 265 03:45 PM 2 156 3 161 16 5 3 24 101 32 0 133 318 Total 7 519 10 536 81 8 6 95 369 113 3 485 1116 04:00 PM 4 155 2 161 22 6 4 32 96 29 0 125 318 04:15 PM 2 151 3 156 20 2 1 23 110 27 0 137 316 04:30 PM 1 147 4 152 23 1 2 26 107 21 0 128 306 04:45 PM 0 160 2 162 16 4 0 20 96 32 0 128 310 Total 7 613 11 631 81 13 7 101 409 109 0 518 1250 05:00 PM 1 135 2 138 23 0 6 29 91 26 0 117 284 05:15 PM 0 157 1 158 14 2 3 19 100 18 0 118 295 05:30 PM 0 117 0 117 17 1 3 21 89 33 0 122 260 05:45 PM 5 118 5 128 12 2 2 16 83 17 1 101 245 Total 6 527 8 541 66 5 14 85 363 94 1 458 1084 Grand Total 50 3070 55 3175 479 55 52 586 3045 640 11 3696 7457 Apprch % 1.6 96.7 1.7 81.7 9.4 8.9 82.4 17.3 0.3 Total % 0.7 41.2 0.7 42.6 6.4 0.7 0.7 7.9 40.8 8.6 0.1 49.6 Cars 49 2904 55 3008 460 54 52 566 2839 625 11 3475 7049 % Cars 98 94.6 100 94.7 96 98.2 100 96.6 93.2 97.7 100 94 94.5

Counter: 02 Counted By: DGL Weather: Cold, Snow Date: 1/7/09 File Name : 93rd Street & Ramona Blvd - Raw Site Code : 00050201 Start Date : 1/7/2009 Page No : 3 Groups Printed- Cars - Trucks E 93rd Street Southbound Ramona Blvd. Westbound E 93rd Street Northbound Left Thru Peds App. Total Left Right Peds App. Total Thru Right Peds App. Total Int. Total Trucks 1 166 0 167 19 1 0 20 206 15 0 221 408 % Trucks 2 5.4 0 5.3 4 1.8 0 3.4 6.8 2.3 0 6 5.5

Plan Countermeasure Description of Countermeasure Type of Crashes Estimated Cost Rate of Return Install optical signal lenses Install signal backplates Revise signal timing and phasing Intersection Countermeasures: US 422 & E. 93rd Street Replace signal lenses with optical signal lenses on the northbound E. 93rd Street approach to Ramona Boulevard to reduce visibility from the approach to US 422. Install backplates on all signal heads at the US 422 and E. 93rd Street intersection to increase signal All visbility. Signal timing and phasing should be revised to allow the protected lead phase to be shifted to the northbound movement. A five section head would need to be installed for the northbound All movement. Timing and phasing should be optimized for the peak periods. Clearance times including yellow and all red phase should be recalculated. All $20,082 488.52% Short Term Coordinate signals Ensure the US 422 and Ramona Blvd signals are coordinated such that the E. 93rd Street green time at the US 422 intersection is simultaneous with green time at the Ramona Boulevard intersection. All Install epoxy pavement markings Install epoxy pavement markings at the intersection. Pavement markings includes lane lines, intersection channelization, centerlines, crosswalks, and stopbars. Lane lines should be added on US 422, as well as lane use pavement marking arrows added on all multilane approaches at both intersections. All $10,903 740.32% Install lane use signs Add lane use signs to complement lane use pavement markings at all multilane approaches at both intersections. Sideswipe; Rear End Medium Term Install signal actuation If not currently equipped for actuation, a video vehicle detection system should be installed. Computerized coordination with the Ramona Street signal would then be necessary. All $42,000 430.04% Long Term Add left turn lanes at all four approaches to the E. 93rd Street corridor: 150 foot eastbound, 100 foot Install left turn lanes All westbound, 150 foot southbound, and 230 foot northbound. Widen roadways Widen both US 422 and E. 93rd Street to allow 12 foot lanes. All $1,101,207 4.09% Revise signal timing and phasing Retime, re-allocate phasing, and re-coordinate to accommodate left turn phases. All $366,912 35.11%

Projects By Funding Source 2014 Five Year Capital Improvement Program 31 Department Project 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018! " #! $ % % & # ' ( ) $ % * )! " +, *! & - #. / $ - * # 0 $ & - 1 2 3 # $ - 1 4 & -! " # 1 5 $ & & 0 2 *! " & 2 * * # ), + $ 2 * * # &. $ 0 2 * * #, +. / $ 0 Funding Source: Potential General Obligation Bonds or Comparable Local Funding Sources Tuesday, February 04, 2014 2014 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM - CITY OF CLEVELAND

APPENDIX B EXISTING CONDITIONS DIAGRAM

STOPPING NO TO AIM INSPECTION CENTER 7AM 9:30AM LEFT TURN YIELD ONGREEN N Q:\ODOT_OP\0108121A.00 - VAR-STW-Safety Studies 2013\006 District 12\CUY 422\Drawings\Civil\EC001.dgn 2/14/2014 9:32:12 AM m stygles CALCULATED MLS CHECKED ELS 0 20 10 HORIZONTAL SCALE IN FEET 40 E. 91 KINSMAN SPEED LIMIT 35 STOPPING NO BUS STOP 10' 10' 10.5' 11.5' TO 6:30PM 4PM NO STOPPING EMERGENCY SNO W STREET NO PARKING WHEN SNOW EXCEEDS 2 IN. NO STOPPING 7AM 9:30AM TO KINSMAN RD. DRIVEWAY BLOCK DONOT TO 6:30PM 4PM STOPPING NO BUS STOP NO STOPPING 12.5' 10' 10' 15' E. 93 St STOP BUS NO STOPPING TO CROSS STREET PUSHBUTTON WAIT FOR GREEN LIGHT GREEN LIGHT TO CROSS STREET WAIT FOR PUSH BUTTON PUSH BUTTON WAIT FOR STREET GREEN LIGHT TO CROSS KINSMAN MATCHLINE SEE SHEET 3 PARKING TIME ANY NO 12' 18' 16.5' 12.5' E. 93RD ST. 12' KINSMAN GREEN LIGHT WAIT FOR PUSH BUTTON 15.5' 13.5' 17.5' STREET TO CROSS TO CROSS STREET PUSHBUTTON WAIT FOR GREENLIGHT MATCHLINE SEE SHEET 4 RIGHT LANE MUST TURN RIGHT TO CROSS STREET PUSHBUTTON WAIT FOR GREENLIGHT NO 11' 11' 9.5'9.5' 14' STOPPING BUS STOP E. 93 St MATCH LINE SEE SHEET 2 EXISTING C O NDITIO NS DIA G RA M KINSM A N RD. / E. 93RD ST. C UY-422-4.34 SA FETY STUD Y 1 4

TO 4PM TO 6:30PM TO 4PM NO OUTLET NO OUTLET NO PARKING ANY TIME 4PM 6:30PM 8 6:30PM TO NO STOPPING TO 7AM 7AM 9:30AM 9:30AM NO STOPPING NO STOPPING N CALCULATED MLS CHECKED ELS 0 20 Q:\ODOT_OP\0108121A.00 - VAR-STW-Safety Studies 2013\006 District 12\CUY 422\Drawings\Civil\EC002.dgn 2/14/2014 9:32:14 AM m stygles 10 HORIZONTAL SCALE IN FEET 40 MATCH LINE SEE SHEET 1 NO STOPPING STOP BUS SOUTH 24 EAST STOP BUS RIGHT LANE MUST TURN RIGHT NO STOPPING KINSMANRD. KINSMAN E. 94 STOP BUS STOPPING NO E. 94TH ST. SPEED LIMIT 35 11' 11' 10.5'10.5' STOP STOPPING NO NO STOPPING EXISTING C O NDITIO NS DIA G RA M KINSM A N RD. / E. 93RD ST. C UY-422-4.34 SA FETY STUD Y 2 4

11' 11' 11' 11' TO CROSS STREET PUSH BUTTON WAIT FOR GREEN LIGHT INTERSECTION TO CROSS STREET PUSH BUTTON WAIT FOR GREEN LIGHT ANY PARKING NO TIME N NO ANY PARKING TIME Q:\ODOT_OP\0108121A.00 - VAR-STW-Safety Studies 2013\006 District 12\CUY 422\Drawings\Civil\EC003.dgn 2/14/2014 9:32:15 AM m stygles 4PM TO 6:30PM STOPPING NO ONE HOUR PARKING 7AM TO 6PM 4PM TO 6:30PM STOPPING NO ANY TIME STOPPING NO NO PARKING ON SIDEWALK OR TREELAWN ONE HOUR PARKING 7AM TO 6PM RAMONA 0 20 10 HORIZONTAL SCALE IN FEET 40 15' 30' CALCULATED MLS CHECKED ELS RAMONA BLVD. E. 93RD ST. ANY TIME STOPPING NO BUS STOP NO STOPPING BLOCK DONOT TO CROSS STREET PUSH BUTTON WAIT FOR GREEN LIGHT BUS STOP NO STOPPING E. 93 ST RAMONA CENTER WAIT FOR GREEN LIGHT INSPECTION PUSH BUTTON AIM TO CROSS STREET BUS STOP NO STOPPING MATCH LINE SEE SHEET 1 EXISTING C O NDITIO NS DIA G RA M KINSM A N RD. / E. 93RD ST. C UY-422-4.34 SA FETY STUD Y 3 4

NO STOP BUS SPEED LIMIT 35 HARRIS E. 93 NO NO STOP BUS STOP BUS N CALCULATED MLS CHECKED ELS 0 20 10 HORIZONTAL SCALE IN FEET Q:\ODOT_OP\0108121A.00 - VAR-STW-Safety Studies 2013\006 District 12\CUY 422\Drawings\Civil\EC004.dgn 2/14/2014 9:32:16 AM m stygles 40 MATCH LINE SEE SHEET 1 TIME NO PARKING ANY STOPPING AIM INSPECTION CENTER STOPPING E. 93RD ST. 17' 11.5' 12' 16' HARRIS AVE. STOP STOPPING EXISTING C O NDITIO NS DIA G RA M KINSM A N RD. / E. 93RD ST. C UY-422-4.34 SA FETY STUD Y 4 4

APPENDIX C TRAFFIC DATA

DESIGN YEAR TRAFFIC VOLUME CALCULATIONS CUY-422-4.34 Kinsman Road (US-422) & East 93rd Street Street Name E. 93rd St. Southbound Kinsman Rd. (US-422) Westbound E. 93rd St. Northbound Kinsman Rd. (US-422) Eastbound Start Time Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds 7:30 AM 37 72 8 0 12 264 7 0 6 201 41 6 14 119 14 0 7:45 AM 17 79 4 0 13 259 8 0 6 207 52 0 10 106 11 0 8:00 AM 14 76 6 4 12 206 5 0 8 137 61 5 19 122 17 1 8:15 AM 20 68 9 7 11 222 7 0 5 147 46 0 15 132 10 0 2013 AM Peak Counted Volumes 88 295 27 11 48 951 27 0 25 692 200 11 58 479 52 1 2013 AM Peak Adjusted Volumes 89 309 28 11 48 959 29 0 25 710 208 11 60 493 52 1 Calculated PHF 0.59 0.93 0.75 0.92 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.84 0.82 0.76 0.91 0.76 Calculated % Trucks 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 1.7 1.0 0.0 NOACA Growth Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2035 AM Peak Design Hour Volumes 88 295 27 11 48 951 27 0 25 692 200 11 58 479 52 1 4:30 PM 30 123 15 0 15 142 5 0 8 105 24 6 32 182 15 5 4:45 PM 20 126 16 0 10 121 4 0 8 80 37 0 34 161 15 0 5:00 PM 13 141 17 0 12 129 7 0 6 97 38 4 42 160 18 2 5:15 PM 9 162 18 0 14 137 5 0 4 87 34 4 32 186 11 0 2013 PM Peak Counted Volumes 72 552 66 0 51 529 21 0 26 369 133 14 140 689 59 7 2013 PM Peak Adjusted Volumes 72 557 66 0 51 532 21 0 26 375 137 14 141 691 59 7 Calculated PHF 0.60 0.85 0.92 0.85 0.93 0.75 0.81 0.88 0.88 0.83 0.93 0.82 Calculated % Trucks 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 NOACA Growth Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2035 PM Peak Design Hour Volumes 72 552 66 0 51 529 21 0 26 369 133 14 140 689 59 7 Note: Volumes were adjusted to balance volumes due to a relatively high percentage of traffic using access points

DESIGN YEAR TRAFFIC VOLUME CALCULATIONS CUY-422-4.34 Ramona Boulevard & East 93rd Street Street Name E. 93rd St. Southbound Ramona Blvd. Westbound E. 93rd St. Northbound Access Drive Eastbound Start Time Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds Right Thru Left Peds 7:15 AM 3 68 1 0 0 0 25 0 21 151 1 0 2 1 0 0 7:30 AM 5 80 2 4 1 2 33 4 24 179 2 4 4 0 8 0 7:45 AM 4 90 1 5 1 0 19 0 19 180 0 0 5 0 1 1 8:00 AM 4 77 0 5 2 2 15 3 20 140 1 3 1 0 5 0 2013 AM Peak Counted Volumes 16 315 4 14 4 4 92 7 84 650 4 7 12 1 14 1 2013 AM Peak Adjusted Volumes 18 332 7 14 6 4 92 7 90 706 4 7 12 1 14 1 Calculated PHF 0.80 0.88 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.88 0.90 0.50 0.60 0.25 0.44 Calculated % Trucks 12.5 4.1 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NOACA Growth Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2035 AM Peak Design Hour Volumes 16 315 4 14 4 4 92 7 84 650 4 7 12 1 14 1 4:30 PM 1 153 3 0 2 1 12 3 30 108 1 0 2 2 2 0 4:45 PM 0 152 1 0 2 0 26 1 24 77 0 0 1 0 1 1 5:00 PM 5 140 0 0 1 1 15 4 28 101 0 4 3 0 2 3 5:15 PM 6 165 2 3 1 0 21 1 20 87 3 1 3 1 4 1 2013 PM Peak Counted Volumes 12 610 6 3 6 2 74 9 102 373 4 5 9 3 9 5 2013 PM Peak Adjusted Volumes 12 622 6 3 6 2 75 9 102 381 4 5 9 3 9 5 Calculated PHF 0.50 0.92 0.50 0.75 0.50 0.71 0.85 0.86 0.33 0.75 0.38 0.56 Calculated % Trucks 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NOACA Growth Rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2035 PM Peak Design Hour Volumes 12 610 6 3 6 2 74 9 102 373 4 5 9 3 9 5 Note: Volumes were adjusted to balance volumes due to a relatively high percentage of traffic using access points

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study Kinsman Road (US-422) @ E. 93rd St. Total Volume File Name : 93-Kinsman Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 1 E. 93rd Street From North Groups Printed- Passenger - Trucks - Semis Kinsman Road (US-422) From East E. 93rd Street From South Kinsman Road (US-422) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 8 40 3 0 51 9 165 4 0 178 3 147 39 0 189 11 80 14 0 105 523 07:15 AM 21 68 4 0 93 11 207 2 0 220 6 158 57 0 221 16 90 19 0 125 659 07:30 AM 37 76 8 0 121 12 265 9 0 286 6 206 42 6 260 16 119 14 0 149 816 07:45 AM 18 81 4 0 103 13 262 8 0 283 6 209 53 0 268 10 114 11 0 135 789 Total 84 265 19 0 368 45 899 23 0 967 21 720 191 6 938 53 403 58 0 514 2787 08:00 AM 14 77 7 4 102 12 208 5 0 225 8 142 62 5 217 19 127 17 1 164 708 08:15 AM 20 75 9 7 111 11 224 7 0 242 5 153 51 0 209 15 133 10 0 158 720 08:30 AM 25 57 13 6 101 8 205 6 6 225 5 144 54 5 208 14 119 8 1 142 676 08:45 AM 24 48 7 4 83 13 166 7 2 188 4 119 29 0 152 18 87 9 0 114 537 Total 83 257 36 21 397 44 803 25 8 880 22 558 196 10 786 66 466 44 2 578 2641 09:00 AM 11 58 5 1 75 13 115 3 0 131 6 89 24 3 122 12 115 18 4 149 477 09:15 AM 14 42 4 0 60 5 120 7 0 132 4 84 30 3 121 18 106 16 3 143 456 09:30 AM 21 49 8 0 78 4 144 7 0 155 2 70 31 2 105 28 85 21 4 138 476 09:45 AM 12 57 6 0 75 7 103 6 0 116 4 88 33 7 132 23 88 15 6 132 455 Total 58 206 23 1 288 29 482 23 0 534 16 331 118 15 480 81 394 70 17 562 1864 10:00 AM 14 64 5 0 83 7 81 4 0 92 5 62 26 2 95 18 93 12 1 124 394 10:15 AM 16 57 7 0 80 7 101 3 0 111 3 58 20 1 82 21 98 12 1 132 405 10:30 AM 17 45 12 0 74 7 104 8 0 119 3 67 28 6 104 12 86 13 4 115 412 10:45 AM 17 53 3 0 73 4 78 3 0 85 3 71 17 4 95 17 82 19 2 120 373 Total 64 219 27 0 310 25 364 18 0 407 14 258 91 13 376 68 359 56 8 491 1584 *** BREAK *** 02:00 PM 17 83 12 0 112 10 110 7 0 127 6 77 25 6 114 20 138 18 0 176 529 02:15 PM 20 89 10 0 119 8 131 5 0 144 4 83 24 1 112 23 132 16 0 171 546 02:30 PM 23 72 11 0 106 9 92 10 0 111 8 90 18 7 123 28 129 13 7 177 517 02:45 PM 26 101 9 0 136 7 95 2 0 104 4 83 27 6 120 30 137 12 1 180 540 Total 86 345 42 0 473 34 428 24 0 486 22 333 94 20 469 101 536 59 8 704 2132 03:00 PM 16 102 6 0 124 7 119 5 0 131 7 97 25 16 145 35 119 12 2 168 568 03:15 PM 24 113 9 0 146 7 150 11 0 168 3 102 29 3 137 33 139 16 2 190 641 03:30 PM 19 114 20 0 153 9 132 1 0 142 4 112 27 8 151 25 148 15 1 189 635 03:45 PM 19 122 21 0 162 12 123 8 0 143 10 114 24 2 150 22 150 18 6 196 651 Total 78 451 56 0 585 35 524 25 0 584 24 425 105 29 583 115 556 61 11 743 2495 04:00 PM 21 143 6 0 170 6 113 4 0 123 7 89 24 4 124 37 160 15 3 215 632 04:15 PM 17 121 15 0 153 14 124 11 0 149 6 86 15 6 113 20 168 13 2 203 618

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study Kinsman Road (US-422) @ E. 93rd St. Total Volume File Name : 93-Kinsman Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 2 E. 93rd Street From North Groups Printed- Passenger - Trucks - Semis Kinsman Road (US-422) From East E. 93rd Street From South Kinsman Road (US-422) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 04:30 PM 30 125 15 0 170 15 144 5 0 164 8 108 27 6 149 32 182 15 5 234 717 04:45 PM 20 129 16 0 165 10 122 4 0 136 8 82 38 0 128 35 163 15 0 213 642 Total 88 518 52 0 658 45 503 24 0 572 29 365 104 16 514 124 673 58 10 865 2609 05:00 PM 13 141 17 0 171 12 129 7 0 148 6 98 38 4 146 42 160 18 2 222 687 05:15 PM 9 162 18 0 189 14 137 5 0 156 4 87 34 4 129 32 186 11 0 229 703 05:30 PM 14 150 21 0 185 11 111 7 0 129 7 83 36 0 126 34 189 15 0 238 678 05:45 PM 8 111 14 0 133 8 154 5 0 167 3 92 43 0 138 30 197 6 0 233 671 Total 44 564 70 0 678 45 531 24 0 600 20 360 151 8 539 138 732 50 2 922 2739 Grand Total 585 2825 325 22 3757 302 4534 186 8 5030 168 3350 1050 117 4685 746 4119 456 58 5379 18851 Apprch % 15.6 75.2 8.7 0.6 6 90.1 3.7 0.2 3.6 71.5 22.4 2.5 13.9 76.6 8.5 1.1 Total % 3.1 15 1.7 0.1 19.9 1.6 24.1 1 0 26.7 0.9 17.8 5.6 0.6 24.9 4 21.9 2.4 0.3 28.5 Passenger 575 2737 319 22 3653 300 4492 182 8 4982 163 3263 1018 117 4561 732 4053 449 58 5292 18488 % Passenger 98.3 96.9 98.2 100 97.2 99.3 99.1 97.8 100 99 97 97.4 97 100 97.4 98.1 98.4 98.5 100 98.4 98.1 Trucks 6 47 2 0 55 1 32 3 0 36 3 49 5 0 57 7 37 2 0 46 194 % Trucks 1 1.7 0.6 0 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.6 0 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.5 0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.4 0 0.9 1 Semis 4 41 4 0 49 1 10 1 0 12 2 38 27 0 67 7 29 5 0 41 169 % Semis 0.7 1.5 1.2 0 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0.2 1.2 1.1 2.6 0 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 0 0.8 0.9

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study Kinsman Road (US-422) @ E. 93rd St. Total Truck Volume File Name : 93-Kinsman Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 1 E. 93rd Street From North Kinsman Road (US-422) From East Groups Printed- Trucks - Semis E. 93rd Street From South Kinsman Road (US-422) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 1 3 2 0 6 0 3 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 7 5 3 1 0 9 25 07:15 AM 0 3 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 0 6 0 1 0 0 1 12 07:30 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 3 0 5 1 0 6 2 0 0 0 2 15 07:45 AM 1 2 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 3 0 8 0 0 8 17 Total 2 12 2 0 16 0 9 2 0 11 0 17 5 0 22 7 12 1 0 20 69 08:00 AM 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 5 1 0 6 0 5 0 0 5 15 08:15 AM 0 7 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 2 0 6 5 0 11 0 1 0 0 1 21 08:30 AM 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 3 0 4 1 0 5 0 5 1 0 6 16 08:45 AM 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 6 1 4 0 0 5 16 Total 0 12 1 0 13 0 10 0 0 10 0 21 7 0 28 1 15 1 0 17 68 09:00 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 6 1 6 1 0 8 20 09:15 AM 0 3 2 0 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 3 3 0 6 0 2 0 0 2 15 09:30 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 0 4 1 0 5 0 4 1 0 5 16 09:45 AM 1 2 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 3 1 4 3 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 15 Total 1 13 2 0 16 2 7 0 0 9 1 17 7 0 25 1 13 2 0 16 66 10:00 AM 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 5 2 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 10 10:15 AM 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10:30 AM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 10 10:45 AM 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 10 Total 0 9 0 0 9 0 2 0 0 2 0 10 4 0 14 1 6 1 0 8 33 *** BREAK *** 02:00 PM 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 02:15 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 6 02:30 PM 0 4 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 9 02:45 PM 1 8 0 0 9 0 2 0 0 2 0 7 1 0 8 0 6 0 0 6 25 Total 1 15 0 0 16 0 6 0 0 6 0 10 1 0 11 1 9 0 0 10 43 03:00 PM 1 3 1 0 5 0 2 1 0 3 1 4 2 0 7 2 3 0 0 5 20 03:15 PM 1 6 0 0 7 0 2 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 4 0 2 1 0 3 16 03:30 PM 0 4 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 8 03:45 PM 2 4 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 9 Total 4 17 1 0 22 0 5 2 0 7 3 6 3 0 12 2 8 2 0 12 53 04:00 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 04:15 PM 2 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 6

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study Kinsman Road (US-422) @ E. 93rd St. Total Truck Volume File Name : 93-Kinsman Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 2 E. 93rd Street From North Kinsman Road (US-422) From East Groups Printed- Trucks - Semis E. 93rd Street From South Kinsman Road (US-422) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 04:30 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 10 04:45 PM 0 3 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 3 1 2 0 0 3 10 Total 2 10 0 0 12 0 3 0 0 3 1 5 5 0 11 1 3 0 0 4 30 05:00 PM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 *** BREAK *** Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Grand Total 10 88 6 0 104 2 42 4 0 48 5 87 32 0 124 14 66 7 0 87 363 Apprch % 9.6 84.6 5.8 0 4.2 87.5 8.3 0 4 70.2 25.8 0 16.1 75.9 8 0 Total % 2.8 24.2 1.7 0 28.7 0.6 11.6 1.1 0 13.2 1.4 24 8.8 0 34.2 3.9 18.2 1.9 0 24 Trucks 6 47 2 0 55 1 32 3 0 36 3 49 5 0 57 7 37 2 0 46 194 % Trucks 60 53.4 33.3 0 52.9 50 76.2 75 0 75 60 56.3 15.6 0 46 50 56.1 28.6 0 52.9 53.4 Semis 4 41 4 0 49 1 10 1 0 12 2 38 27 0 67 7 29 5 0 41 169 % Semis 40 46.6 66.7 0 47.1 50 23.8 25 0 25 40 43.7 84.4 0 54 50 43.9 71.4 0 47.1 46.6

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study E. 93rd Street @ Ramona Blvd. Total Volume File Name : 93-Ramona Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 1 E. 93rd Street From North Groups Printed- Passenger - Trucks - Semis Ramona Blvd From East E. 93rd Street From South Driveway (uncontrolled) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 1 41 1 0 43 2 3 12 3 20 21 147 1 2 171 2 1 2 2 7 241 07:15 AM 3 71 1 0 75 1 0 25 0 26 22 157 1 0 180 2 1 0 0 3 284 07:30 AM 5 84 2 4 95 2 2 33 4 41 24 187 2 4 217 4 0 8 0 12 365 07:45 AM 5 94 1 5 105 1 0 19 0 20 20 184 0 0 204 5 0 1 1 7 336 Total 14 290 5 9 318 6 5 89 7 107 87 675 4 6 772 13 2 11 3 29 1226 08:00 AM 5 83 0 5 93 2 2 15 3 22 20 148 1 3 172 1 0 5 0 6 293 08:15 AM 3 86 2 0 91 0 0 16 0 16 13 103 0 5 121 1 0 5 1 7 235 08:30 AM 5 85 0 0 90 1 0 13 1 15 15 134 0 2 151 2 0 7 0 9 265 08:45 AM 4 67 0 0 71 1 1 17 2 21 13 120 2 0 135 3 1 6 0 10 237 Total 17 321 2 5 345 4 3 61 6 74 61 505 3 10 579 7 1 23 1 32 1030 09:00 AM 6 63 0 2 71 1 2 13 3 19 19 96 0 0 115 3 0 5 0 8 213 09:15 AM 4 41 0 4 49 1 1 14 1 17 20 95 2 2 119 1 0 4 0 5 190 09:30 AM 3 75 0 3 81 1 1 3 1 6 14 83 1 0 98 2 0 4 0 6 191 09:45 AM 4 62 0 1 67 1 0 16 1 18 21 89 1 1 112 1 1 3 1 6 203 Total 17 241 0 10 268 4 4 46 6 60 74 363 4 3 444 7 1 16 1 25 797 10:00 AM 3 59 1 3 66 1 0 16 2 19 11 68 1 2 82 1 1 4 0 6 173 10:15 AM 2 63 0 8 73 3 1 16 2 22 12 56 1 1 70 1 0 1 0 2 167 10:30 AM 0 68 1 1 70 2 2 10 1 15 19 65 0 1 85 2 1 1 0 4 174 10:45 AM 1 65 0 0 66 0 0 16 0 16 19 57 0 3 79 1 0 0 0 1 162 Total 6 255 2 12 275 6 3 58 5 72 61 246 2 7 316 5 2 6 0 13 676 *** BREAK *** 01:00 PM 5 83 2 1 91 1 1 21 0 23 10 85 0 2 97 4 0 4 2 10 221 01:15 PM 2 67 1 1 71 3 1 11 0 15 17 67 3 0 87 3 0 1 0 4 177 *** BREAK *** Total 7 150 3 2 162 4 2 32 0 38 27 152 3 2 184 7 0 5 2 14 398 02:00 PM 4 92 1 2 99 1 1 13 1 16 15 76 4 4 99 4 2 3 1 10 224 02:15 PM 7 92 1 3 103 0 0 17 1 18 15 87 0 0 102 3 0 2 1 6 229 02:30 PM 3 89 0 2 94 0 0 15 1 16 21 82 1 1 105 4 1 1 2 8 223 02:45 PM 4 104 2 1 111 1 0 29 0 30 23 77 0 2 102 3 1 3 1 8 251 Total 18 377 4 8 407 2 1 74 3 80 74 322 5 7 408 14 4 9 5 32 927 03:00 PM 0 105 1 2 108 1 0 20 0 21 31 81 0 1 113 5 2 3 0 10 252 03:15 PM 2 114 0 0 116 0 0 23 0 23 24 103 0 0 127 2 1 3 0 6 272 03:30 PM 1 116 2 1 120 1 0 20 1 22 23 103 1 2 129 1 2 4 0 7 278

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study E. 93rd Street @ Ramona Blvd. Total Volume File Name : 93-Ramona Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 2 E. 93rd Street From North Groups Printed- Passenger - Trucks - Semis Ramona Blvd From East E. 93rd Street From South Driveway (uncontrolled) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 03:45 PM 3 143 1 0 147 0 2 19 1 22 16 110 2 2 130 3 2 3 0 8 307 Total 6 478 4 3 491 2 2 82 2 88 94 397 3 5 499 11 7 13 0 31 1109 04:00 PM 4 143 2 2 151 1 1 17 0 19 25 79 3 3 110 2 1 4 0 7 287 04:15 PM 2 131 0 2 135 3 1 16 0 20 17 88 3 0 108 1 2 1 2 6 269 04:30 PM 1 155 3 0 159 2 1 13 3 19 30 111 1 0 142 2 2 2 0 6 326 04:45 PM 0 157 1 0 158 2 0 26 1 29 24 80 0 0 104 1 0 1 1 3 294 Total 7 586 6 4 603 8 3 72 4 87 96 358 7 3 464 6 5 8 3 22 1176 05:00 PM 5 143 0 0 148 1 1 15 4 21 28 103 0 4 135 3 0 2 3 8 312 05:15 PM 6 167 2 3 178 1 0 21 1 23 20 87 3 1 111 3 1 4 1 9 321 05:30 PM 3 170 0 1 174 1 0 28 0 29 22 75 1 0 98 5 0 6 2 13 314 05:45 PM 1 100 2 0 103 0 1 16 1 18 12 90 2 0 104 3 1 7 0 11 236 Total 15 580 4 4 603 3 2 80 6 91 82 355 6 5 448 14 2 19 6 41 1183 Grand Total 107 3278 30 57 3472 39 25 594 39 697 656 3373 37 48 4114 84 24 110 21 239 8522 Apprch % 3.1 94.4 0.9 1.6 5.6 3.6 85.2 5.6 15.9 82 0.9 1.2 35.1 10 46 8.8 Total % 1.3 38.5 0.4 0.7 40.7 0.5 0.3 7 0.5 8.2 7.7 39.6 0.4 0.6 48.3 1 0.3 1.3 0.2 2.8 Passenger 105 3122 30 57 3314 36 25 582 39 682 638 3217 36 48 3939 84 24 110 21 239 8174 % Passenger 98.1 95.2 100 100 95.4 92.3 100 98 100 97.8 97.3 95.4 97.3 100 95.7 100 100 100 100 100 95.9 Trucks 2 133 0 0 135 3 0 12 0 15 18 132 1 0 151 0 0 0 0 0 301 % Trucks 1.9 4.1 0 0 3.9 7.7 0 2 0 2.2 2.7 3.9 2.7 0 3.7 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 Semis 0 23 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 47 % Semis 0 0.7 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.6

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study E. 93rd Street @ Ramona Blvd. Total Truck Volume File Name : 93-Ramona Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 1 E. 93rd Street From North Ramona Blvd From East Groups Printed- Trucks - Semis E. 93rd Street From South Driveway (uncontrolled) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 07:00 AM 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 1 1 6 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 14 07:15 AM 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 11 07:30 AM 0 4 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 13 07:45 AM 1 4 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 Total 1 17 0 0 18 2 0 1 0 3 3 24 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 48 08:00 AM 1 6 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 15 08:15 AM 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 08:30 AM 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 14 08:45 AM 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 17 Total 1 30 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 2 33 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 66 09:00 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 4 5 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 14 09:15 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 10 09:30 AM 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 13 09:45 AM 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 11 Total 0 17 0 0 17 0 0 1 0 1 7 23 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 48 10:00 AM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 10 10:15 AM 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 10:30 AM 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 10:45 AM 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 14 Total 0 14 0 0 14 0 0 2 0 2 1 19 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 36 *** BREAK *** 01:00 PM 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 13 01:15 PM 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 10 *** BREAK *** Total 0 13 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 23 02:00 PM 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 13 02:15 PM 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 02:30 PM 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 02:45 PM 0 8 0 0 8 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 16 Total 0 21 0 0 21 1 0 1 0 2 2 14 1 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 40 03:00 PM 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 11 03:15 PM 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 2 2 8 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 17 03:30 PM 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7

LJB Inc. 2500 Newmark Drive Miamisburg, OH 45342 CUY-422-4.34 ODOT District 12 Safety Study E. 93rd Street @ Ramona Blvd. Total Truck Volume File Name : 93-Ramona Site Code : 00000000 Start Date : 11/20/2013 Page No : 2 E. 93rd Street From North Ramona Blvd From East Groups Printed- Trucks - Semis E. 93rd Street From South Driveway (uncontrolled) From West Start Time Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Right Thru Left Peds App. Total Int. Total 03:45 PM 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 Total 0 21 0 0 21 0 0 4 0 4 3 16 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 44 04:00 PM 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 2 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 11 04:15 PM 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 04:30 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 04:45 PM 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 8 Total 0 14 0 0 14 0 0 3 0 3 0 12 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 29 05:00 PM 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 05:15 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 05:30 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 05:45 PM 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Total 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 14 Grand Total 2 156 0 0 158 3 0 12 0 15 18 156 1 0 175 0 0 0 0 0 348 Apprch % 1.3 98.7 0 0 20 0 80 0 10.3 89.1 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 Total % 0.6 44.8 0 0 45.4 0.9 0 3.4 0 4.3 5.2 44.8 0.3 0 50.3 0 0 0 0 0 Trucks 2 133 0 0 135 3 0 12 0 15 18 132 1 0 151 0 0 0 0 0 301 % Trucks 100 85.3 0 0 85.4 100 0 100 0 100 100 84.6 100 0 86.3 0 0 0 0 0 86.5 Semis 0 23 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 47 % Semis 0 14.7 0 0 14.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.4 0 0 13.7 0 0 0 0 0 13.5

file:///c:/users/vmadineni.ljbinc/appdata/local/temp/notes256c9a/~web6864.htm Page 1 of 5 12/30/2013 RE: District 12 growth rate request Mahmoud Al-lozi to: SKnebel@LJBinc.com 12/27/2013 11:29 AM Cc: "VMadineni@Ljbinc.com", "Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us" Hide Details From: Mahmoud Al-lozi <MAl-lozi@mpo.noaca.org> To: "SKnebel@LJBinc.com" <SKnebel@LJBinc.com>, Cc: "VMadineni@Ljbinc.com" <VMadineni@Ljbinc.com>, "Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us" <Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us> Sorry I missed the name of SR 306, should be Broadmoor not Reynolds Road. Nothing changes just the name Here is the corrected table Safety Studies Forecasts Traffic adjustment factors 2012 to 2035 using NOACA regional model inputs Traffic adjustment factors from 2012 to SR-84 and Broadmoor Road 2035 Broadmoor Road from South 1.09 Broadmoor Road from North 1.11 SR 84 From East 1.09 SR 84 from West 1.05 E.93rd and Kinsman Road E.93rd from North 1.00 E.93rd from South 1.00 Kinsman Road from East 1.00 Kinsman Road from West 1.00 Brookpark Road and Broadview Broadview from North 1.00 Broadview (SR 176) from South 1.00 Brookpark Road from west 1.00 Brookpark Road from east 1.00 W.117th and Lorain Intersection Lorain from east 1.00 Lorain from west 1.00 W117th from north 1.00 W117th from south 1.00 W.150th and Lorain W150th from north 1.00 W150th from south 1.00 Lorain from east 1.00 Lorain from west 1.00

file:///c:/users/vmadineni.ljbinc/appdata/local/temp/notes256c9a/~web6864.htm Page 2 of 5 12/30/2013 From: Mahmoud Al-lozi Sent: Friday, December 27, 2013 11:00 AM To: 'SKnebel@LJBinc.com' Cc: VMadineni@Ljbinc.com; Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us Subject: RE: District 12 growth rate request Hello Scott Enclosed please find the growth rates based on the Regional Model inputs for the requested locations. Please note that the rates are for the 2012 to 2035 projects. The model is showing traffic decrease on all intersections except the SR 306 / SR 84 intersection in Lake County. In general when the forecast traffic is less than existing traffic you can do the analysis based on existing year 2012 traffic. If you need a copy of the raw model numbers please let me know. Let me know if you need additional information. Sorry for the delay and HAPPY HOLIDAYS. Mahmoud Al-Lozi Principal Planning Engineer NOACA 1299 Superior Ave Cleveland, Ohio 44114 216-241-2414 ext 270 Direct 216-367-4007 Safety Studies Forecasts Traffic adjustment factors 2012 to 2035 using NOACA regional model inputs Traffic adjustment factors from 2012 to SR-84 and Reynolds Road 2035 Reynolds Road from South 1.09 Reynolds Road from North 1.11 SR 84 From East 1.09 SR 84 from West 1.05 E.93rd and Kinsman Road E.93rd from North 1.00 E.93rd from South 1.00 Kinsman Road from East 1.00 Kinsman Road from West 1.00 Brookpark Road and Broadview Broadview from North 1.00 Broadview (SR 176) from south 1.00 Brookpark Road from west 1.00 Brookpark Road from east 1.00 W.117th and Lorain Intersection Lorain from east 1.00 Lorain from west 1.00

file:///c:/users/vmadineni.ljbinc/appdata/local/temp/notes256c9a/~web6864.htm Page 3 of 5 12/30/2013 W117th from north 1.00 W117th from south 1.00 W.150th and Lorain W150th from north 1.00 W150th from south 1.00 Lorain from east 1.00 Lorain from west 1.00 From: SKnebel@LJBinc.com [mailto:sknebel@ljbinc.com] Sent: Sunday, November 24, 2013 7:16 PM To: Mahmoud Al-lozi Cc: VMadineni@Ljbinc.com; Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us Subject: District 12 growth rate request Mahmound LJB is working with District 12 on several safety study locations. Attached is current traffic data for these locations. 1. CUY-10-10.14 (Lorain Road (SR 10) at W. 150 th Street) 2. CUY-10-11.94 (Lorain Road (SR 10) at W. 117 th Street) 3. CUY-17-11.57 (Brookpark Road (SR 17) at Broadview Road (SR 176)) 4. CUY-422-4.34 (Kinsman Road (US 422) at E. 93rd Street) 5. LAK-84-8.14 (Johnnycake Ridge Road (SR 84) at Broadmoor Road (SR 306)) Typically planning level growth rates are sufficient for use on a safety study. I am interested in a 20 year horizon. Please advise when you are able to generate these numbers? Thank you Scott Scott Knebel, P.E. Managing Principal (937) 259-5067 (937) 776-1040 cell **NEW NUMBER** SKnebel@LJBinc.com Improving the quality of life Please consider the environment before printing this email. From: "Blayney, Brian" <Brian.Blayney@dot.state.oh.us> To: "sknebel@ljbinc.com" <sknebel@ljbinc.com> Date: 11/21/2013 03:47 PM Subject: FW: Lorain Avenue Traffic Counts

APPENDIX D CRASH DIAGRAMS

E 08 /3 11 19:00 WED 09/01/2010 20 17:00 THU 06/03/2010 10:00 SAT 08/28/2010 0:00 SUN 05/08/2011 0/ 16:00 THU 09/16/2010 17:00 FRI 08/19/2011 12:00 SUN 06/20/2010 /10/2012 /201 1 /2011 /20 WE T 11 WED 0 21:00 FRI 08/20/2010 10:00 THU 01/28/2010 ICE 5/02/2 012 14:00 F R I 10 18:00 /19 8:00 TUE 10 TOTAL CRASHES 12 W ET 0:00 SUN 10/31/2010 8/ 20 19:00 0:00 F SUN 05/15 RI 08/0 /2011 6/201 0 WET DUS 13:00 K TUE 9:00 09/21 23:00 TUE /2010 03/1 MON 6/20 02/07 10 /2011 11:00 8:00 M WET TUE 1 ON 01 1 /2 /0 3/201 1/201 1 3 :0 2 0 1 21:00 TUE 03/23/2010 WET THU 07/01 15:00 /2010 SAT 3:00 MO 11/03 N 04/04/ /2012 2011 10:00 FRI 0 9/17/2 010 18:00 MON 08/06/2012 75 /0 19:00 MON 09/12/2011 INJURY OR FATAL Ø 31 03 2 7:00 T HU 1 0/28/2 20:00 010 TUE 06/19 /2012 10:00 FR I 0 7/09/2 010 10:00 TUE 01/26/2010 WET Ø PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY U 01 Ø 44 MOVING VEHICLE BACKING VEHICLE NON-INVOLVED VEH. PEDESTRIAN PARKED VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT FATAL CRASH INJURY CRASH /2010 NUMBER OF CRASHES TH 17 /2 23:00 SUN 02/27/2011 WET WED 10/19 /2011 011 SAT 19:00 06/11 WET T HU /201 1 2 04/12 :0 1 2:0 0 MO /2012 0 SA N 03/2 T 04 9/201 /02/2 0 011 /14/2 11 :0 0 SYMBOLS 11 / 5 5/1 09/10 SA T 7:00 WED 12/15/2010 WET N0 13:00 12:0 0 SAT 0 15:00 TUE 05/11/2010 WET SU 11:00 6: 0 2:00 FRI 01/01/2010 SNOW 1/11 /20 23:00 WED 09/14/2011 WET 01/2 oad 3:00 MON 05/30/2011 WE D an R 17:00 FRI 09/23/2011 UE 0 10 WET 11 S 09/12/20 NOW 1:00 SUN 22:00 M ON 2 7/20 06/11 9:00 0:00 10 /201 SUN THU 2 04/1 01/1 17:0 0/20 0 FR 9/20 9 :00 F 11 I 10/2 12 S RI 11 11:0 8/20 NOW /16/2 0 SA 11 D 012 T 02 USK /11/2 18:0 012 0 FR SNO I 09 17:0 W /16/ 0 WE 2011 D 08 /24/2 0 11 16:0 17:0 0 MO 0 MO N 08 N 07 /01/2 /04/2 011 011 11:0 0 MO N 08 /15/2 011 9:00 14:00 THU 09/13/2012 8:00 T 14:00 WED 02/16/2011 5:00 WED 09/07/2011 WET Kins m 10/1 8/20 1 010 0 1:0 KEY MAP THU 05/3 1/2 10 S N OW 12:00 TUE 06/28/2011 3:00 SAT 02/13/2010 SNOW 6:00 FRI 05/25/2012 17:0 0 M ON 01/2 8/20 14:00 WED 08/10/2011 22:0 0 THU 17:00 THU 08/25/2011 W ET 10 11:0 0 010 13:00 TUE 04/06/20 N 06 /06/2 6:00 SU 19:00 THU 05 ET 11:00 MON 11/19/2012 6/30 010 03/2 2/20 10 W THU 0 Ø M ON 23:0 0 AT 0 5/29 /2 Ramona Blvd. E. 90th Street TU 4:00 S 12:0 0 0 :0 E. 93rd Street 12 Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, and the GIS User Community TYPES OF COLLISIONS SHOW FOR EACH CRASH COLLISION DIAGRAM REAR END RIGHT ANGLE SIDE SWIPE OUT OF CONTROL LEFT TURN HEAD ON 1. TIME, DAY, DATE 2. WEATHER AND ROAD SURFACE IF UNUSUAL CONDITION EXISTED 3. NITE - IF BETWEEN DUSK AND DAWN Kinsman Rd (US-422) INTERSECTION PERIOD CITY 3 YEAR FROM Cleveland, OH ( ODOT District 12) E. 93rd Street (CR-396) AT 2010 ROUTE NUMBER TO 2012 US-422 (LUC-422-4.34) DATE: 12/19/13 PAGE: 01 of 02

SYMBOLS Ø Ø 4 INJURY OR FATAL 13 TOTAL CRASHES Ø PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY MOVING VEHICLE BACKING VEHICLE NON-INVOLVED VEH. PEDESTRIAN PARKED VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT FATAL CRASH INJURY CRASH 0:00 SUN 10/31/2010 7:00 WED 12/15/2010 WET ET 23:00 WED 09/14/2011 WET W 14:00 THU 09/13/2012 20 12 3:00 MON 05/30/2011 08 / 17:00 TUE 08/30/2011 12:00 TUE 06/28/2011 3:00 SAT 02/13/2010 SNOW 6:00 FRI 05/25/2012 11:00 MON 11/19 03 / 21:00 TUE 03/23/2010 13:00 3:00 MO N 04/04 TH U UE 11 07/01 /01/2 8:00 M 011 /2010 /2011 15:0 0 10:00 ON 0 1/23/2 0 12 W ET SAT 11/0 3/20 12 FR I 0 9/ 17 / 2010 Kins m an R oad 12:00 FRI 04/09/2010 18:00 MON 08/06/2012 18:00 SAT 02/27/2010 WET 21:00 FRI 07/16/2010 10:00 SAT 09/01/2012 19:00 MON 09/12/2011 10:00 TUE 01/26/2010 WET 10:00 WED 12/12/2012 13:00 SAT 07/16/2011 7:00 FRI 01/27/2012 SNOW E. 93rd Street NUMBER OF CRASHES 9 U 11:00 T KEY MAP TH 17:00 THU 0 00 E 10/19/2010 11 : Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, TYPES OF COLLISIONS SHOW FOR EACH CRASH COLLISION DIAGRAM REAR END RIGHT ANGLE SIDE SWIPE OUT OF CONTROL LEFT TURN HEAD ON 1. TIME, DAY, DATE 2. WEATHER AND ROAD SURFACE IF UNUSUAL CONDITION EXISTED 3. NITE - IF BETWEEN DUSK AND DAWN Kinsman Rd (US-422) INTERSECTION PERIOD CITY 3 YEAR FROM Cleveland, OH ( ODOT District 12) E. 93rd Street (CR-396) AT 2010 ROUTE NUMBER TO 2012 US-422 (LUC-422-4.34) DATE: 12/19/13 PAGE: 02 of 02 Ø

APPENDIX E HSM OUTPUT

HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL METHODOLOGY The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides tools to conduct quantitative safety analyses with the primary goal of predicting crash frequency and severity as a function of alternative roadway and intersection designs. Prior to publication of the HSM in 2010, there was no industry-accepted resource available to quantify future safety performance of a transportation facility. The HSM fills this need by providing a science-based technical approach to safety analysis to predict expected average crash frequency the long-term average crash frequency of a site. A primary reason for incorporating techniques of the Highway Safety Manual into the crash analysis process is to overcome the short-term year-to-year variability in observed crash frequencies and the effects of regression to the mean bias. Regression-to-the-mean (RTM) is the natural variation in crash data. Crash occurrences at a given site are random events that tend to fluctuate up and down over the course of time. Year-to-year variability in crash frequencies as shown in Figure D1 adversely affects crash estimation based on crash data collected over short periods (i.e. 3 years as is customary). The randomness of crash occurrences indicates that short-term crash frequencies alone are not a reliable estimator of long-term crash frequency. Crash fluctuations over time make it difficult to determine whether changes in the observed crash frequency are due to changes in site conditions or are due to natural fluctuations. When a period of high crash frequency is observed, it is statistically probable that the following period will have a comparatively low crash frequency. Similarly, there is a high probability that a low crash frequency period will be followed by a high crash frequency period. This tendency is known as regression-to-the-mean (RTM). Failure to account for the effects of RTM introduces the potential for RTM bias or selection bias. This occurs when sites are selected for treatment based on short-term trends in observed crash frequency. RTM bias can also result in over or under estimation of effectiveness of a treatment (change in average crash frequency) without accounting for RTM bias, it is not possible to know if an observed reduction in crashes is due to the treatment or if it would have occurred without the modification. Figure D1: Variation in short-term observed crash frequency Years Figure D2 shows the effect of RTM and RTM bias. In this example, a site is selected for treatment based on its short term crash frequency trend over three years (during upward trend). Due to RTM, it is probable that the observed crash frequency will decrease toward the expected average crash frequency without any APPENDIX D - HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL 1

treatment. A treatment is applied which results in a reduction of crashes and become the perceived effectiveness of treatment. However, some of this reduction would have occurred regardless of the treatment (due to RTM), rendering the perceived effectiveness of the treatment to be greater than its actual effectiveness. Figure D2: Regression to the mean The predictive method described in Part C of the Highway Safety Manual provides steps to estimate the expected average crash frequency of a site for a given time period, geometric design, traffic control features, and traffic volumes. The expected average crash frequency (N expected ) is estimated using a predictive model estimate of crash frequency for a specific site type (N predicted ) together with observed crash frequency (where available), as described in the following sections. The predictive method is applicable for the following facility types: Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads, Rural Multilane Highways, and Urban/Suburban Arterials. PREDICTED CRASH FREQUENCY Predicted model estimate of crash frequency (Equation 1): This step involves determination of the predicted crash frequency which reflects how a site would be expected to perform relative to 1,000 similar sites. Calculation of predicted crash frequency utilizes Safety Performance Functions (SPF) for a base condition. Crash Modification Factors (CMF) are then applied to account for specific site characteristics that differ from the base condition. A state-level calibration factor is then applied to normalize the base condition to localized conditions. The resulting value is the Predicted Crash Frequency (N predicted ) =SPF x CMF 1 x CMF 2 x x C Equation 1 EXPECTED CRASH FREQUENCY Expected average crash frequency (Equations 2 and 3): The next step involves calculation of the expected average crash frequency which reflects average performance of the site over an extended period of time based on actual crash history. This step incorporates the Empirical Bayes (EB) method which combines actual (observed) crash history of the study site with predicted average crash frequency. These values are weighted based on an over-dispersion parameter (k) that is the measure of the strength of the model (safety performance factors). The resulting value is the expected average crash frequency (N expected ) = x +1.00 x Equation 2 Where Weighted Adjustment (w): =1/[1+ x ] Equation 3 Where k = over dispersion parameter from the associated SPF. APPENDIX D - HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL 2

Existing Conditions: General Information and Data for Urban And Suburban Arterial Intersection General Information Location Information Analyst VM Route US422 Agency or Company LJB Inc Logpoint 4.34 Date Performed 02/14/14 Common Name Kinsman Road/E. 93rd street Intersection US422; 4.34 Analysis Year 2012 Signalized/Unsignalized Signalized Input Data Existing Conditions HSM Base Conditions Intersection type (3ST, 3SG, 4ST, 4SG) 4SG -- AADT major (veh/day) (total entering on major approaches)* AADT MAX = 67,700 (veh/day) 14,160 -- AADT minor (veh/day) (total entering on minor approaches)* AADT MAX = 33,400 (veh/day) 16,740 -- Intersection lighting (present/not present) Present Not Present Calibration factor, C i 3.71 1.00 Data for unsignalized intersections only: Number of major-road approaches with left-turn lanes 0 Number of major-road approaches with right-turn lanes 0 Data for signalized intersections only: Number of approaches with left-turn lanes 0 0 Number of approaches with right-turn lanes 1 0 Number of approaches with left-turn signal phasing 1 -- Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #1 Protected/Permissive Permissive Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #2 Permissive -- Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #3 Permissive -- Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #4 Permissive -- Number of approaches with right-turn-on-red prohibited 0 0 Intersection red light cameras (present/not present) Not Present Not Present Sum of all pedestrian crossing volumes (PedVol) 240 -- Maximum number of lanes crossed by a pedestrian (n lanesx ) 5 -- Number of bus stops within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection 3 or more 0 Schools within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection (present/not present) Not Present Not Present Number of alcohol sales establishments within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection 1 to 8 0 Locality: State System NOTES: * AADT: It is important to remember that the AADT(major) = AADT(major approach1) + AADT(minor approach2) (refer to p.12-8 in Part C of the HSM) 1

Proposed Conditions: Data for Urban And Suburban Arterial Intersection Input Data Proposed Conditions Existing Conditions Intersection type (3ST, 3SG, 4ST, 4SG) 4SG 4SG AADT major (veh/day) (total entering on major approaches)* AADT MAX = 67,700 (veh/day) 14,160 14160 AADT minor (veh/day) (total entering on minor approaches)* AADT MAX = 33,400 (veh/day) 16,740 16740 Intersection lighting (present/not present) Present Present Calibration factor, C i 3.71 3.71 Data for unsignalized intersections only: 0 Number of major-road approaches with left-turn lanes 0 0 Number of major-road approaches with right-turn lanes 0 0 Data for signalized intersections only: 0 Number of approaches with left-turn lanes 0 0 Number of approaches with right-turn lanes 1 1 Number of approaches with left-turn signal phasing 1 1 Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #1 Protected/Permissive Protected/Permissive Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #2 Permissive Permissive Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #3 Permissive Permissive Type of left-turn signal phasing for Leg #4 Permissive Permissive Number of approaches with right-turn-on-red prohibited 0 0 Intersection red light cameras (present/not present) Not Present Not Present Sum of all pedestrian crossing volumes (PedVol) 240 240 Maximum number of lanes crossed by a pedestrian (n lanesx ) 5 5 Number of bus stops within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection 3 or more 3 or more Schools within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection (present/not present) Not Present Not Present Number of alcohol sales establishments within 300 m (1,000 ft) of the intersection 1 to 8 1 to 8 Locality: State System State System NOTES: * AADT: It is important to remember that the AADT(major) = AADT(major approach1) + AADT(minor approach2) (refer to p.12-8 in Part C of the HSM) 2

Project Safety Performance Report General Information Project Name Project Description CUY-422-4.3 Safety Study Kinsman Rd/E.93rd Street safety study Contact Email Contact Phone 937-259-5000 Reference Number Analyst Agency/Company Task 6 VM LJB Inc Date Performed Analysis Year 2/14/2014 2012 Summary of Anticipated Safety Performance of the Project (average crashes/year) 25.0 20.0 18.2 21.2 20.2 Existing Conditions Predicted Average Crash Frequency 15.0 10.0 11.4 13.1 13.4 Existing Conditions Expected Average Crash Frequency 5.0 0.0-5.0 0.7 5.0 4.5 2.7 3.4 2.4 2.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.4 KA B -0.2 C O Total Existing Condtions Potential for Safety Improvement Proposed Conditions Expected Average Crash Frequency N predicted - Existing Conditions N expected - Existing Conditions N potential for improvement - Existing Conditions N expected - Proposed Conditions Project Summary Results (Without Animal Crashes) KA B C O Total 0.7250 2.6610 3.4335 11.4137 18.2332 0.7248 2.4263 4.9560 13.0631 21.1702-0.0002-0.2347 1.5225 1.6494 2.9370 0.4140 1.9679 4.4813 13.3639 20.2271 Created by the Office of Systems Planning and Program Management

APPENDIX F CLEARANCE INTERVAL CALCULATIONS

CLEARANCE INTERVALS The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 731: Guidelines for Timing Yellow and All-Red Intervals at Signalized Intersections was published July 2012. A number of conclusions were reached as a result of the comprehensive study that is important to the safety performance of signalized intersections. > The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Proposed Recommended Practice for the calculation of yellow change intervals and all-red clearance intervals is the methodology used by the highest percentage of state and local agencies. > Drivers were documented to decelerate when turning at an intersection. The NCHRP Report 731 recommended using a design speed of 20 mile per hour for the calculation of all red timing. Research conducted by the North Carolina Department of Transportation published by the ITE Journal determined that the average operating speed for left turning traffic is 17 miles per hour. > Using the current ITE guidelines to calculate the duration of yellow change and red clearance intervals has been shown to reduce total crashes between 8 and 14 percent while reducing injury crashes by approximately 12 percent. > Using the current ITE guidelines to calculate the duration of yellow change and red clearance intervals has been shown to reduce red light running occurrences between 36 and 50 percent. Vehicular clearance times were calculated for each study area intersection based on guidelines published in the Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the ITE Proposed Recommended Practice. The following posted speeds were used to calculate clearance intervals for through phases: Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street: 35 MPH Ramona Blvd 25 MPH A 25 MPH speed was used to calculate clearance intervals for all leading left turn phases. Calculated clearance intervals were included in the Synchro models for the proposed conditions, as described in the following section. A summary of the calculated clearance intervals for the two signalized intersections is listed below in Table F1 and the calculations are appended at the end of this section. CLEARANCE INTERVALS 1

TABLE F1: PROPOSED CLEARANCE INTERVALS Existing PHASE Kinsman Road at E. 93 rd Street Phase 2: EB Through Proposed Yellow/ TOTAL Yellow/ TOTAL All Red 4.1 sec./ 2.0 sec 6.1 SEC. Phase 3: NB Left - - Phase 4: SB Through Phase 6: WB Through Phase 7: SB Left Phase 8: NB Through E. 93 rd Street at Ramona Blvd. Phase 2: East/West Phase 4: North/South 4.0 sec./ 2.0 sec 4.1 sec./ 2.0 sec 3.0 sec./ 1.0 sec 4.0 sec./ 2.0 sec 3.0 sec./ 2.0 sec 3.0 sec./ 2.0 sec 6.0 SEC. 6.1 SEC. All Red 3.9 sec./ 2.0 sec 3.0 sec./ 3.0 sec 3.9 sec./ 1.8 sec 3.9 sec./ 2.0 sec 5.9 SEC. 6.0 SEC. 5.7 SEC. 5.9 SEC. 4.0 SEC. - - 6.0 SEC. 5.0 SEC. 5.0 SEC. 3.9 sec./ 1.8 sec 3.0 sec./ 2.6 sec 3.9 sec./ 1.5 sec 5.7 SEC. 5.6 SEC. 5.4 SEC. Note: The maximum all-red clearance time set at 3 seconds. Calculated values may be longer than 3 seconds. CLEARANCE INTERVALS 2

APPENDIX G CAPACITY ANALYSIS REPORTS

CAPACITY ANALYSIS Capacity analysis was conducted for existing and various Build conditions at the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street and E. 93 rd Street/Ramona Boulevard intersection. Signalized intersection analysis was performed with the assistance of Synchro traffic simulation software (version 8) with output reflective of HCS 2000 algorithms. HCS2010 algorithms were not used as they do not accurately reflect shared lane conditions, as is the case on Kinsman Road. The following analysis scenarios were evaluated. Traffic volumes for all scenarios reflect 2013 counts since the NOACA supplied growth rate was zero for these intersections. Capacity analysis results are summarized in Table G2 with Synchro output reports appended to this section. > Existing Conditions AM and PM peak hours Existing lane use Existing signal timing and signal phasing (SB leading protected phase) > Build Short Term Option 1: Change N/S signal phasing Existing lane use Optimized splits and calculated vehicle clearance times Add protected NB phase, remove protected SB phase > Build Short Term Option 2: Add N/S left turn lanes with asymmetric lane configuration Modified lane use on E. 93 rd Street at Kinsman Road: NB (L-TR), SB (L-T-TR) Modified lane use on E. 93 rd Street at Ramona Blvd: NB (LTR) Optimized splits and calculated vehicle clearance times NB left turns are protected/permissive, SB left turns are permissive only > Build Long Term Option 1: Add N/S left turn lanes by widening on E. 93 rd Street to a fivelane section Modified lane use on E. 93 rd Street at Kinsman Road: NB (L-T-TR), SB (L-T-TR) Modified lane use on E. 93 rd Street at Ramona Blvd: NB (LT-TR) Optimized splits and calculated vehicle clearance times NB left turns are protected/permissive, SB left turns are permissive only > Build Long Term Option 2: Add N/S left turn lanes on Kinsman Road by widening to a fivelane section Modified lane use on Kinsman Road at E. 93 rd Street: EB (L-T-TR), WB (L-T-TR) Existing conditions retained on E. 93 rd Street Optimized splits and calculated vehicle clearance times EB and WB left turn permissive only Intersections are graded using a level of service (LOS) designation expressed in terms of letter grades. Level of service is a quality measure describing operational conditions with a traffic stream with LOS A representing the highest quality traffic flow and minimal delay, and LOS F representing poor traffic CAPACITY ANALYSIS 1

operations, significant delay, and substantial queuing. Level of service is defined in terms of vehicle delay, as published in the Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, 2010). Levels of service thresholds for signalized intersections have been summarized in Table E1. TABLE G1 LEVELS OF SERVICE THRESHOLDS FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Level of Service Control Delay (sec/veh) A 10 B > 10 and 20 C > 20 and 35 D > 35 and 55 E > 55 and 80 F > 80 TABLE G2: CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS EB Approach WB APPROACH NB APPROACH SB APPROACH INTERSECTION Kinsman Road at E. 93rd Street 2013 AM D/41.5 D/45.5 F/154.5 C/20.2 E/76.3 2035 AM - Change N/S Phasing D/39.5 D/44.1 D/35.4 B/18.6 D/36.6 2035 AM - Add N/S Turn Lanes D/36.8 D/48.4 D/47.3 C/29.0 D/42.9 2035 AM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/22.6 C/27.6 C/22.6 D/35.1 C/26.1 2035 AM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes 1 C/27.2 D/42.2 F/84.4 B/17.9 D/49.5 2013 PM D/35.0 C/22.1 D/41.7 C/21.4 C/29.9 2035 PM - Change N/S Phasing D/36.6 C/20.3 C/21.3 C/23.8 C/26.6 2035 PM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/32.1 B/19.7 C/22.3 C/34.6 C/28.0 2035 PM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.1 B/19.7 B/18.1 C/34.5 C/27.1 2035 PM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes 1 C/22.2 B/19.4 D/38.5 C/26.2 C/25.9 E. 93rd Street at Ramona Blvd. 2013 AM C/33.1 D/40.0 A/4.1 A/3.8 A/8.6 2035 AM - Change N/S Phasing C/32.7 D/41.0 A/2.2 A/4.3 A/7.7 2035 AM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/33.3 D/43.8 A/4.5 A/4.1 A/9.3 2035 AM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/41.0 A/1.6 A/4.3 A/7.3 2035 AM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/38.8 A/2.6 A/3.9 A/7.7 2013 PM D/35.6 D/45.6 A/1.1 A/3.4 A/6.7 2035 PM - Change N/S Phasing C/32.7 D/41.0 A/3.2 A/4.3 A/8.3 2035 PM - Add N/S Turn Lanes C/33.3 D/43.8 A/7.0 A/4.1 B/10.8 2035 PM - Widen N/S to 5 lanes C/32.7 D/41.0 A/3.7 A/4.3 A/8.6 2035 PM - Widen E/W to 5 lanes D/35.6 D/45.6 A/7.6 A/3.4 A/9.3 Note: Letter/Number - Level of Service/Average Delay per Vehicle 1 Analysis of this scenario assumes no changes to NB/SB movements on E. 93rd Street CAPACITY ANALYSIS 2

APPENDIX H STORAGE LENGTH CALCULATIONS

STORAGE LANE LENGTHS Storage lane lengths were calculated for the Kinsman Road/E. 93 rd Street intersection using guidelines specified in the Location and Design Manual Section 401 (Ohio Department of Transportation). Lane lengths based on the ODOT s standard criteria assume design speed limits and include vehicle storage and a 50 foot diverging taper. A summary of the lane sizing comparison is shown in Table H1 with lane sizing calculations attached to this section. Turn lane lengths were calculated using the following parameters: > 2013 AM and PM traffic volumes (no growth forecasted for design year) > 40 MPH design speed for Kinsman Road and E. 93 rd street > 90 second cycle length > Lengths rounded up in 5-foot increments TABLE H1: STORAGE LENGTH SUMMARY Movement Existing Storage Length (with taper) Turn Lane Sizing (feet) ODOT Calculated* Calculated Length No Block Length NB Left Turn None 320 345 SB Left Turn None 220 220 EB Left Turn None 175 255 WB Left Turn None 160 445 * Length includes vehicle storage and diverging taper, rounded to neares t 5 ft. ** Values rounded to nearest 5 ft. STORAGE LANE LENGTHS 1

MOVEMENT: EBLT CUY-422-4.34 Safety Study Turn Lane Length Calculations Kinsman Road & E. 93rd Street MOVEMENT: WBLT 2013 counted volumes 2013 counted volumes Analysis Period AM Peak PM Peak Analysis Period AM Peak PM Peak Design Speed 40 40 mph Design Speed 40 40 mph Cycle Length 90 90 seconds Cycle Length 90 90 seconds Control (Stop or Signal) Signal Signal Control (Stop or Signal) Signal Signal Through Volume (T-TR) 493 691 vph Through Volume 959 532 vph Number of Through Lanes 2 2 Number of Through Lanes 2 2 Turning Volume 52 59 vph Turning Volume 29 21 vph Number of Turning Lanes 1 1 Number of Turning Lanes 1 1 Design Condition C C A, B, or C Design Condition C C A, B, or C Turning Percentage 10% 8% Turning Percentage 3% 4% Vehicles Per Cycle 1.3 1.5 Vehicles Per Cycle 0.7 0.5 Storage Length 65 75 feet Storage Length 50 50 feet Deceleration/Taper 111 111 feet Deceleration/Taper 111 111 feet Calculated Turn Lane Length 176 186 feet Calculated Turn Lane Length 161 161 feet No Block Distance 253 340 feet No Block Distance 445 265 feet No Block Turn Lane Length 253 340 feet No Block Turn Lane Length 445 265 feet MOVEMENT: NBLT MOVEMENT: SBLT 2013 counted volumes 2013 counted volumes Analysis Period AM Peak PM Peak Analysis Period AM Peak PM Peak Design Speed 40 40 mph Design Speed 40 40 mph Cycle Length 90 90 seconds Cycle Length 90 90 seconds Control (Stop or Signal) Signal Signal Control (Stop or Signal) Signal Signal Through Volume (T-TR) 710 375 vph Through Volume 309 557 vph Number of Through Lanes 2 2 Number of Through Lanes 2 2 Turning Volume 208 137 vph Turning Volume 89 66 vph Number of Turning Lanes 1 1 Number of Turning Lanes 1 1 Design Condition C C A, B, or C Design Condition C C A, B, or C Turning Percentage 23% 27% Turning Percentage 22% 11% Vehicles Per Cycle 5.2 3.4 Vehicles Per Cycle 2.2 1.7 Storage Length 210 160 feet Storage Length 110 85 feet Deceleration/Taper 111 111 feet Deceleration/Taper 111 111 feet Calculated Turn Lane Length 321 271 feet Calculated Turn Lane Length 221 196 feet No Block Distance 345 190 feet No Block Distance 170 273 feet No Block Turn Lane Length 345 271 feet No Block Turn Lane Length 221 273 feet

APPENDIX I COST ESTIMATE AND BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS

Safety Benefit - Cost Analysis Project Name Project Description Reference Number Analyst Agency/Company CUY-422-4.3 Safety Study Kinsman Rd/E.93rd Street safety study Task 6 VM LJB Inc General Information Contact Email Contact Phone Date Performed Analysis Year 937-259-5000 2/14/2014 2012 Select Site Types to be used in Benefit-Cost Analysis: All Sites Countermeasure Service Lives, Costs, and Safety Benefits Countermeasures Site Characteristic Improvements (i.e. Lane widening) Service Life (Years) Initial Cost of Countermeasure Annual Maintenance & Energy Costs Salvage Value Net Present Value of Project Total Cost of Countermeasures $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Summary of Annual Crash Modifications Net Present Value of Safety Benefits Site Characteristic Improvements (i.e. Lighting) Site Characteristic Improvements (i.e. Signal Phasing) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00-1.108 $1,633,994 Site Characteristic Improvements (i.e. Added Right Turn Lane) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 CMF 1 - Modify change plus clearance interval to ITE 1985 Proposed Recommended Practice (4-leg signalized) CMF 2 - Provide raised median CMF 3 - Install left-turn lane 10 $25,000.00 $50,000.00 $62,006.11 0.501 $85,446 20 $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $16,000.00-1.316 $414,546 20 $301,000.00 $301,000.00 $301,000.00-4.042 $1,413,957 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0.000 $0 Totals $342,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $367,000.00 $379,006.11-5.965 $3,547,942

Safety Benefit - Cost Analysis Project Name Project Description Reference Number Analyst Agency/Company CUY-422-4.3 Safety Study Kinsman Rd/E.93rd Street safety study Task 6 VM LJB Inc General Information Contact Email Contact Phone Date Performed Analysis Year 937-259-5000 2/14/2014 2012

CUY-422-4.34 SAFETY STUDY KINSMAN ROAD (SR 422), CLEVELAND OHIO, ODOT DISTRICT 12 PRELIMINARY CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE - APRIL 1, 2014 ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT COST TOTAL COST 201 CLEARING AND GRUBBING 1 LS $ 1,000 $ 1,000 254 PAVEMENT PLANING 8000 SY $ 4 $ 32,000 407 TACK COAT 100 GAL $ 5 $ 500 448 ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE, TYPE 1, PG64-22 (3") 660 CY $ 175 $ 115,500 630 SIGNING 1 LS $ 1,000 $ 1,000 632 TRAFFIC SIGNAL MODIFICATIONS 1 LS $ 25,000 $ 25,000 640 PAVEMENT MARKINGS 1 LS $ 6,000 $ 6,000 SPEC KWIK KURB 240 LF $ 65 $ 15,600 Subtotal $ 197,000 614 MAINTAINING TRAFFIC 1 LS $ 3,000 $ 3,000 619 FIELD OFFICE, TYPE B 2 MN $ 1,500 $ 3,000 623 CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT STAKES 1 LS $ 1,500 $ 1,500 624 MOBILIZATION 1 LS $ 10,000 $ 10,000.00 Subtotal $ 215,000 Design Risk (35%) $ 76,000 Subtotal $ 291,000 Inflation Cost (17.5%) $ 51,000 Total $ 342,000 Notes: 1 Right of way is not anticipated 2 Existing pavement is assumed to be asphalt 3 Private utility relocation not included 4 Inflation base upon construction in 2017