Electrical Safety CSA Z462 & NB Regulations WorkSafeNB s 2014 Health and Safety Conference Daniel Roberts Senior Manager, Electrical Safety Consulting at Schneider Electric Vice-chair CSA Z462 daniel.roberts@schneider-electric.com
Electrical Safety The two things you need to know for electrical safety: E = I x R Common sense Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 2
Electric Shock is Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 3
Shock Injuries Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 4
Arc Flash is Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 5
Arc Flash Injuries Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 6
What is CSA Z462? Arc Flash Standard Live Work Standard Don t Work Live Standard Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 7
Impact of Z462 One of CSA s best selling Standards Acceptance by Industry AB OHS Code 2009 guideline: for some employers, Z462 is becoming the standard of choice, an industry best practice Referenced directly and indirectly by Regulators BC WorkSafeBC OHS guideline: In meeting the requirements [to provide appropriate personal and other protective equipment for electrical hazards], employers may find CSA Standard Z462 to be valuable in assisting them in the creation of appropriate written safe work procedures, determining the hazards, and the necessary protection. NL Section 484. (2) Where it is not practicable to completely disconnect low voltage electrical equipment, work shall be performed in accordance with a standard acceptable to the minister Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 8
What Does CSA Z462 Emphasize? Create an electrical safety program that is part of employer s OHSMS Audit the electrical safety program & field work Risk assessment & hierarchy of risk controls Use of qualified workers Electrical safety training and retraining De-energizing How to identify when work must be performed energized The process to follow when work will be performed energized Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 9
CSA Z462 Overview Clause 3 Definitions Clause 4 Safety-Related Work Practices 4.1 General Requirements for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 4.2 Establishing an Electrically Safe Work Condition 4.3 Working Involving Electrical Hazards Clause 5 Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements Clause 6 Safety Requirements for Special Equipment Electrolytic Cells; Batteries and Battery Rooms Use of Lasers; Power Electronic Equipment Annexes A to U Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 10
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Electrical Safety Program NB OHS Act Section 9(1) (a) [Every employer shall ] take every reasonable precaution to ensure the health and safety of his employees CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5 Electrical safety program Employers shall implement and document an electrical safety program that directs activity appropriate to the risk associated with electrical hazards CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.9.1 Electrical safety program audit The electrical safety program shall be audited at intervals not to exceed 3 years Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 11
Evolution of Electrical Safety Program Requirements in CSA Z462 2008 Edition 2012 Edition Pending: 2015 Edition 4.1.7 Electrical Safety Program. 4.1.7.1 General. The employer shall implement and document an overall electrical safety program that directs activity appropriate for the voltage, energy level, and circuit conditions. See CSA Z1000 4.1.7 Electrical Safety Program. 4.7.1.1 General. The employer shall implement and document an overall electrical safety program that directs activity appropriate for the electrical hazards, voltage, energy level, and circuit conditions. See CSA Z1000 4.1.5 Electrical Safety Program 4.1.5.1 General. The employer shall implement and document an overall electrical safety program that directs activity appropriate to the risk associated with electrical hazards. The electrical safety program shall be implemented as part of the employer s overall occupational health and safety management system, when one exists. See CSA Z1000 Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 12
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Risk Assessment NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (b) [Every employer shall ] acquaint an employee with any hazard in connection with the use, handling, storage, disposal and transport of any tool, equipment, machine, device or biological, chemical or physical agent; CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.7 Risk assessment procedure The electrical safety program shall include a risk assessment procedure that addresses worker exposure to electrical hazards. The procedure shall be used by the worker to: (a) identify hazards; (b) assess risks; and (c) implement risk control according to a hierarchy of methods (See CSA Z1002) Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 13
Hierarchy of Risk Control Methods Most effective risk control methods Elimination Substitution Engineering controls Least effective risk control methods Systems that increase awareness Administrative controls Personal protective equipment Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 14
Evolution of Risk Assessment Requirements in CSA Z462 2008 Edition 2012 Edition Pending: 2015 Edition 4.1.7.6 Hazard/Risk Evaluation Procedure An electrical safety program shall identify a hazard/risk evaluation procedure to be used before work is started within the Limited Approach Boundary of energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists. The procedure shall identify the hazard/risk process that shall be used by employees to evaluate tasks before work is started. 4.1.7.6 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Procedure. An electrical safety program shall include a hazard identification and a risk assessment procedure to be used before work is started within the limited approach boundary or within the arc flash boundary of energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists. The procedure shall identify the process to be used by the employee before work is started to identify hazards and assess risks, including potential risk mitigation strategies 4.1.5.7 Risk Assessment Procedure. An electrical safety program shall include a risk assessment procedure that addresses employee exposure to electrical hazards. The procedure shall identify the process to be used by the employee before work is started to perform the following: (1) Identify hazards; (2) Assess risks; and (3) Implement risk control according to a hierarchy of methods (see CSA Z1002) Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 15
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Field Audits NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (c) [Every employer shall ] provide such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure an employee s health and safety; CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.9.2 Field work Field work shall be audited to verify that the requirements contained in the procedures of the electrical safety program are being followed. Audits shall be performed at intervals not to exceed one year. Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 16
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Job Safety Planning NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (c) [Every employer shall ] provide such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure an employee s health and safety; CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.8 Job briefing Before starting each job, the worker in charge shall conduct a job briefing with the workers involved [to discuss] a) hazards associated with the job; b) work procedures involved; c) special precautions; d) energy source controls; e) PPE requirements; and f) the information on the energized electrical work permit, if a permit is required; Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 17
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Electrical Safety Training NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (c) [Every employer shall ] provide such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure an employee s health and safety; CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.6.1 Safety training Workers exposed to an electrical hazard shall be trained a) in the safety-related work practices and procedural requirements necessary to provide protection from the electrical hazards associated with their job or task assignments; and b) to identify and understand the relationship between electrical hazards and possible injury. Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 18
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Electrical Safety Training NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (c) [Every employer shall ] provide such information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure an employee s health and safety; CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.6.1 Qualified persons (iv) Qualified persons shall be trained in the decision-making process necessary to: 1. Perform the job safety planning; 2. Identify electrical hazards; 3. Assess the associated risk; and 4. Select the appropriate risk control methods from the hierarchy of controls including selecting PPE Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 19
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Qualified person NB Electrical Installation and Inspection Act qualified person means a person familiar with the construction and operation of the apparatus and the hazards involved; CSA Z462 Clause 3 Qualified person (worker) one who has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to identify and avoid the hazards involved. Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 20
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Maintenance NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (a) [Every employer shall ] ensure that the necessary systems of work, tools, equipment, machines, devices and materials are maintained in good condition and are of minimum risk to health and safety when used as directed NB OHS Regulation 287.2 An employer shall ensure that electrical equipment and insulating material for electrical equipment is suitable for its use and that it is installed, maintained, modified and operated in accordance with the manufacturer s specifications. CSA Z462 Clause 5.2.3 Equipment maintenance Electrical equipment shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions or industry consensus standards to reduce the risk associated with failure The equipment owner or the owner s designated representative shall be responsible for maintenance of the electrical equipment and documentation Maintenance, tests, and inspections shall be documented See CSA Z463 Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 21
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Requirement to De-energize NB OHS Regulation 287.3(1) An employer shall ensure that the power supply to electrical equipment is de-energized, locked out of service and tagged before any work is done on the equipment and while the work is done on the equipment CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.2.1 General Energized electrical conductors and circuit parts shall be put into an electrically safe work condition before a worker works within the limited approach boundary of those conductors or parts. CE Code Part I Rule 2-304 No repairs or alterations shall be carried out on any live equipment... Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 22
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Exceptions to De-energizing NB OHS Regulation 287.4(1) Where it is not practicable to deenergize electrical equipment before working on or near energized exposed parts of the equipment CE Code Part I Rule 2-304... except where complete disconnection of the equipment is not feasible CE Code Part I Appendix B Not feasible = troubleshooting of control circuits, testing and diagnostics CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.2.2 Energized work 4.3.2.2.1 Additional hazards or increased risk Energized work may be performed when the employer can demonstrate that de-energizing introduces additional hazards or increased risk. 4.3.2.2.2 Infeasibility Energized work may be performed when the employer can demonstrate that the task to be performed is infeasible in a de-energized state... Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 23
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Shock Hazards NB OHS Regulation 287.1(2) An employer shall ensure that no person other than a qualified person enters or is permitted to enter a room or other enclosure containing exposed parts of energized electrical equipment with potential of greater than 30 volts CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.8.1.1 Testing Only qualified persons shall perform tasks such as testing, troubleshooting, voltage measuring, etc., within the limited approach boundary or arc flash boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 V or more Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 24
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Shock Hazards NB OHS Regulation 287.4(1) Where it is not practicable to deenergize an employee shall use rubber gloves, mats, shields and other protective equipment to ensure protection from electrical shocks and burns while performing the work CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.3 Working while exposed to electrical hazards Safety-related work practices for electrical hazards shall be determined by a shock risk assessment Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 25
Shock Risk Assessment CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.4.1 Shock risk assessment a) Voltage to which personnel will be exposed; b) Boundary requirements; and c) PPE necessary to minimize the possibility of electric shock Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 26
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Approach Boundaries NB OHS Regulation 289(1) An employer shall ensure that an employee who is not a qualified person does not carry out any work, and no such employee shall carry out any work, that is liable to bring any person or object closer to an energized electrical utility line or utility line equipment than the distances specified in the following table Phase to Phase Voltage NB Regulation For Utility Lines CSA Z462 Limited Approach Boundary CSA Z462 Restricted Approach Boundary Up to 750 V 900 mm 3.0 m 0.3 m 750 V - 100,000 V 3.6 m 3.3 m 1.0 m 100,001 V - 250,000 V 5.2 m 4.0 m 1.7 m 250,001 V - 345,000 V 6.1 m 4.7 m 2.8 m Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 27
Comparison NB Regulations & Z462 Arc Flash Hazards NB OHS Regulation 287.4(1) Where it is not practicable to de-energize an employee shall use rubber gloves, mats, shields and other protective equipment to ensure protection from electrical shocks and burns while performing the work CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.3 Working while exposed to electrical hazards Safety-related work practices for electrical hazards shall be determined by an arc flash risk assessment Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 28
Arc Flash Risk Assessment CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.5 Arc flash risk assessment The arc flash boundary PPE that personnel within the arc flash boundary shall use Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 29
Arc Flash Risk Assessment Arc Flash Boundary CSA Z462 Clause 3 Arc flash boundary an approach limit at a distance from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a seconddegree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.5.3 Arc flash boundary The arc flash boundary shall be the distance at which the incident energy equals 1.2 cal/cm 2 1.2 cal/cm 2 Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 30
Arc Flash Risk Assessment Incident Energy Surface Thermal Energy cal/cm 2 Distance Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 31
Incident energy parameters Ohm s Law I = V / Z Incident = I t Energy D (x) Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 32
Arc Flash Risk Assessment Arc Flash PPE CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.7.3.6 Body protection Workers shall wear arc-rated clothing wherever exposure to an electric arc flash above 1.2 cal/cm 2 is possible CSA Z462 Clause 3 Arc rating The value [in cal/cm 2 ] attributed to materials that describes their performance on exposure to an electrical arc discharge CSA Z462 Table H.2 Arc Flash PPE List Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 33
2012 Hazard/Risk Category Method 2015 Arc Flash PPE Category Method Hazard/Risk Category Method Requirement for, type and protective value of PPE determined by: Estimated exposure levels Likelihood of an arc flash incident occurring based on task Hazard/Risk Category 0 specified when arc flash incident unlikely or impossible Arc Flash PPE Category Method Requirement for arc flash PPE determined by likelihood of an arc flash incident occurring Task-related factors Equipment state of maintenance factors Type and protective value of PPE determined by Estimated exposure levels Hazard/Risk Category 0 deleted Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 34
Conclusion CSA Z462-2015 Workplace Electrical Safety Is a best practice Aligns well with NB Regulations Harmonizes with other CSA Standards CSA Z1000 OHSMS CSA Z1002 OHS Risk Management Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 35
daniel.roberts@schneider-electric.com Schneider Electric WorkSafeNB 2014 36