Ehitisintegreeritud fotoelektriliste päikesepaneelide tootlikkus ja majanduslik tasuvus Eesti kliimas aastal 2011

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Ehitisintegreeritud fotoelektriliste päikesepaneelide tootlikkus ja majanduslik tasuvus Eesti kliimas aastal 2011 Annika Päsik Majandus-ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium

Sisukord Eesmärk Päikesekiirgus Eestis Paneeli tootlikkuse olulisemad mõjutegurid Tulemused Järeldused Võimalikud edasised uuringud

PV paneelide võimalik paigutus

Eesmärk Eramaja 124 m 2 4 MWh Katus/fassaad

Võrku ühendatud ja ühendamata (autonoomne) süsteem (6kWp) PV Inverter Arvesti Võrk Laadimiskontroller Akud Tarbijad

Tehnoloogiad Tüüp Mõõtmed (m) Efektiivsu s (%) Võimsus (W) pc-si 1,31x0,99 14,3 185 µc-/a-si 1,409x1,009 9 135 CdTe 1,2x0,6 11,1 80

Päikesekiirguse hulk Euroopas optimaalse kaldenurgaga pinnal

Päikesekiirgus hulk Eestis optimaalse kaldenurgaga pinnal

Optimaalne kaldenurk Eestis

Kiirgushulk (kwh/m 2 ) 250 200 Päikesekiirgus 48⁰ kaldenurgaga pinnal Tallinnas 2007-2009 150 100 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2007 Kokku 1134kWh/m2 2008 Kokku 1091kWh/m2 2009 Kokku 1174kWh/m2

Jaan Veeb Märts Apr Mai Juuni Juuli Energia (kwh/m2) Aug Sep Okt Nov Dets Globaalne horisontaalne ja hajus päikesekiirguse hulk erinevatel kuudel Tallinnas 2009.a 200 150 100 50 0 Hajus Horisontaalne Optimaalne

Paneeli tootlikkuse olulisemad mõjutegurid Paneeli temperatuur Kiirgushulk Päikese spekter Sesoonsed efektid Päikesekiirguse langemisnurk

Reaalne efektiivsus/nominaalne efektiivsus Erinevat tüüpi moodulite efektiivsuse varieeruvus (TTÜ 2006-2010) 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 pc-si a-si 0 05.2005 10.2006 02.2008 07.2009 11.2010

mõõdetud võimsus/nominaalne võimsus Erinevate moodulite võimsuste temperatuursõltuvused G = 1000 W/m2 mõõdetud TTÜs 2008-2010 1,1 1,05 1 0,95 0,9 0,85 0,8 0 20 40 60 Mooduli temperatuur (C) μc-si mc-si CdTe

Erinevate PV süsteemide esialgse investeeringu hinnad Süst võim sus (kw) Mood ulite arv Mooduli d ( /kw) Inver ter ( /k W) Meh komp ( /m oodul ) Projekt ( /kw p) Install ( /moo dul) Võrku ühendatud süsteem kokku Autonoomse süsteemi lisakomponendi d ( ) ( ) ( /kwp) Akud Kontrol ler Autonoomne süsteem kokku ( ) ( /kw p) Fassaad mc-si 5,92 32 1 692 336 22,2 20 27,8 13 724 2 318 4 683 785 19 192 3 242 3,24 24 1 452 456 18,6 20 27,8 7 360 2 272 4 683 785 12 828 3 959 µc/a-si CdTe 5,12 64 1 440 336 16 20 27,8 11 999 2 344 4 683 785 17 467 3 411 Katus mc-si 5,92 32 1 692 336 21,6 20 27,8 13 705 2 315 4 683 785 19 173 3 239 6,075 45 1 452 336 20,5 20 27,8 13 157 2 166 4 683 785 19 354 3 186 µc/a-si CdTe 6 75 1 440 336 19 20 27,8 14 286 2 381 4 683 785 19 754 3 292

Võrku ühendatud süsteem Mont.komp 10% Install 15% Projekt 1% Inverter 14% Paneel 60%

Autonoomne süsteem Kontroller 4% Projekt 1% Install 10% Mont.komp 7% Akud 24% Paneel 44% Inverter 10%

Tootlikkus kwh/kwp) Süsteemide tootlikkus kwh/kwp 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Katusesüsteemide tootlikkus (kwh/kwp) Tootlikkus kwh/kwp) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fassaadisüsteemide tootlikkus (kwh/kwp) c-si Kokku 900kWh/kWp µc/a-si Kokku 805kWh/kWp c-si Kokku 670kWh/kWp µc/a-si Kokku 591kWh/kWp CdTe Kokku 1003kWh/kWp CdTe Kokku 755kWh/kWp µc-asi TTÜ päiksepaneelide välitestimise labori andmed CdTe ja c-si andmed PVGIS andmebaasist

Erinevate PV süsteemid tasandatud elektri hinnad 20 aastase kasutusperioodi jooksul Või ms us (k W) Tootlikkus 20a perioodil (kwh) Võrku ühendatud süsteemi kulud 20a perioodil Esialgne investeerin g ( ) Intressi d ( ) Kokku ( ) Tasandatud el. hind ( /kwh) Autonoomse süsteemi kulud 20a perioodil Esialgne investeering ( ) Intressi d( ) Kokku ( ) Tasandatud elektri hind ( /kwh) Fassaad mc-si 5,92 73 013 13 724 8 220 23 933 0,33 19 192 10 982 37 631 0,52 µc/a-si 3,24 35 255 7 360 4 272 13 110 0,37 12 828 7 268 27 041 0,77 CdTe 5,12 71 140 11 999 6 356 20 075 0,28 17 467 9 188 33 843 0,48 Katus mc-si 5,92 98 044 13 705 8 220 23 914 0,24 19 173 10 982 37 612 0,38 µc/a-si 6,07 5 89 988 13 157 7 584 23 511 0,26 19 354 10 758 38 350 0,43 CdTe 6 110 676 14 286 7 448 23 750 0,21 19 754 10 203 37 441 0,34

Järeldused Sobivam paigutus PV paneelidel on lõuna suunas 42⁰ (+/-5⁰) PV paneelide aastane energiatoodang fassaadi installatsioonide korral ligi 25% madalam kui katuseinstallatsioonidel (45⁰) Võrreldud tehnoloogiatest CdTe süsteemil madalaim tasandatud el.hind 10 ja 20 aastase tööperioodi kohta (0,31 /kwh ja 0,21 /kwh) Põhjus: CdTe kõrge tootlikkus kwp kohta (temp tõusule tundlikkus väikseim)

Soovitused edasisteks uuringuteks CdTe paneelide testimine Eestis välitingimustes Pikajaline degradeerumise uuring Täielikult integreeritud paneelitüübi tasuvuse uurimine Eesti tingimustes

Tänan tähelepanu eest! Küsimusi?

Maksimaalne paneelide pindala katusel ja fassaadil Module type Module area m 2 Amount of modules* Maximum possible area covered with modules m 2 facade roof facade roof pc Si 1,3 38 48 46,08 65,5 µc-/a-si 1,42 24 45 34,08 63,9 CdTe 0,72 64 91 49,4 62,4 * on facade µc-/a-si modules are placed with longer side horizontally, on roof CdTe modules are placed with longer side horizontally