Energy Storage Solutions for xev System June 4th, 2015
Outline Ⅰ. Lithium Secondary Battery Ⅱ. xev system and Requirement for Battery Ⅲ. Technical Feature of SDI Battery Ⅳ. Development Trend for Next Generation Battery Page 2
1. History The human race begin to use the battery since years ago?
1. History The human race began to use the battery since at least 2000 years ago! A little Parthian jar found in ancient Western Iranian territories of Greater Iran (1937) Inside of the battery jar(left) Actual shape(right) : 1.5~2V
2. Working Principle Save the Lithium ion from the cathode Send back to the cathode again. Utilize the electron transport together as electric energy C a t h o d Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + A n o d e Li + Li + Li + Li + Li + e Li + Li + Li + Li + Cathode = Apple tree/lithium ion(li + ) = Apple/ Anode= drawer The number of Lithium ion is equal to the number of electron
3. Classification Primary battery: Based on irreversible electrochemical reaction. Not reusable Secondary battery: Repetitive charge and discharge Battery Chemical Battery Energy Conversion Device Primary battery Secondary battery Fuel Cell Solar Cell Mn-Zn Ni-Cd Li-Ion Alkali Ni-MH Lithium Lead Acid
3. Classification - Shape Classified into cylindrical, prismatic and pouch type Cylindrical Prismatic Pouch Cylindrical Can, Steel case Prismatic Can, Al. case Pouch, Al. Case Standard Size (18650) - diameter 18mm, length 65mm High production efficiency, High energy density Intermediate characteristics between cylindrical and pouch Slim High production efficiency, robust design Slim - 2mm thickness possible, (Prismatic: ~3mm) Design / Size Flexibility Poor Safety/Cycle life
4. Composition of LIB LIB is composed of 4 core element, cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte 4 Core element Cathode active material Anode active material Electrolyte Separator Electrolyte Cathode Separator Anode Assemble cathode/separator/anode as a form of jelly roll, Insert into Can and pour electrolyte into Can Small battery for IT Middle and larger size battery for xev/ess ESS: Energy Storage System
4. Composition of LIB Performance of LIB depends on the 4 core element Cathode Anode Electric energy generation by chemical reaction of Li ion source Capacity(duration/driving distance) Generate the electric energy by saving and releasing the Li ion Capacity/Cycle life Li Cathode Li Anode Li Cathode Li Anode Electrolyte Medium of Li ion transport between cathode and anode Safety/cycle life Separator 분리막 Electrolyte Separator 분리막 Electrolyte [Charge] [Discharge] Simultaneous reaction, electrical and chemical Separator Separate cathode from anode to prevent short circuit Safety
Outline Ⅰ. Lithium Secondary Battery Ⅱ. xev system and Requirement for Battery Ⅲ. Technical Feature of SDI Battery Ⅳ. Development Trend for Next Generation Battery Page 10
1. History Which one was the first event? (A) Invention of diesel engine (B) Born of gasoline engine vehicle (C) Born of electric vehicle (D) The first airplane
1. History (C) Born of electric vehicle 1832 (B) Born of gasoline engine vehicle 1886 (A) Invention of diesel engine (D) The first airplane 1893 1903 The first steam engine vehicle (1769, Nicolas Cugnot) The first electric vehicle (1832, Robert Anderson) The first gasoline vehicle (1886, Karl Benz) The first diesel engine (1893, Rudolph Diesel)
2. Classification xev - powertrain component Energy source ICE Vehicle HEV Blended Plug-in HEV All Electric EV ICE Vehicle Hybrid Electric Vehicle Plug-in HEV (PHEV) Electric Vehicle Wheel Wheel Wheel Wheel Engine Engine Structure TM ` FD Gas Clutch Motor ` Gas Battery Motor TM FD Wheel Wheel Wheel Wheel Technical Comparison Engine Require Required Required X Motor X Required Required Required (High Power) Battery X About 1kWh High Capacity (4~16kWh) High Capacity (16kWh 이상 ) Charger X X Required Required Charging Infra X X Quick Required (Low Level) Required (High Level) X X X Required
2. Classification xev according to system voltage HEV System BEV PHEV EV Mode Full HEV Mild HEV Start-Stop Coasting Start-Stop Recuperation Micro HEV Auto Start Stop Coasting Boost Start-Stop EV Mode Boost C Coasting Recuperation Start-Stop Start-Stop Coasting Recuperation EV Mode Boost Recuperation Electric Power/System Voltage
3. Battery requirement - Power 1 Discharge power requirement 14 Specific Pow er-performance Relation TB HEV Hybrid System Battery Transmission 13 12 11 10 Honda Civ ic Hy brid Toy ota 2004 P rius NF 내수 2.0 A T HNF Toy ota Ca mry 2.4 Ford Es cape Hy brid NF 2.4 A T Honda A ccord 2.4 Low performance Middle performance 2 Engine power powermsystem power Charge power requirement Drive power 9 8 7 High performance Ne w X G 3.5 Le xus RX 400h TG 3.8 Honda A ccord Hy brid Nis a n Maxima 3.5 Lincoln LS 4.0 6 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 20 18 16 14 UDDS 100 90 80 70 Motor Loss TM Loss Brake Loss 12 60 10 8 6 50 40 30 Regenerable energy 4 2 20 10 Battery = Inertia Road load 0 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 -40 Driveshaft power 드라이브샤프트파워 [kw] P battery (-1 S y s tem P ower / Vehicle W eight ( W P motor /kg)a P Driveshaft
3. Battery requirement - Power xev System Conventional Vehicle HEV PHEV EV System power Discharge Low cost PHEV High performance PHEV Instantaneous power Bat. Motor Bat. Motor Continuous power Discharge ENG ENG ENG Bat. Motor ENG Bat. Motor Regeneration power Charge Bat. Motor Bat. Motor Bat. Motor Bat. Motor
Time [sec]c -R 3. Battery requirement - Power 1 Used power and c-rate according to xev system Battery Power (UDDS) EV 1400 C-Rate (UDDS) 13720 75% 69% 150 48V HEV 100 BTime [sec] 50 C-Rate (UDDS) -20-10 0 10 20 NC-Rate Discharge Charge HEV EV Power requirement: EV>HEV>48V(Mild HEV) Page 17 48V C-rate requirement: 48V(Mild HEV)>HEV>EV
time(sec)ss Energy capacity in PHEV/EV battery is important to increase EV distance PHEV fuel economyu 4. Battery requirement - Energy 1 System behavior PHEV : Engine on EV Charge-Depleting Charge Sustaining Charge-Depleting System Operation time(sec) 2 PHEV Fuel Economy AER Range Battery Energy System Efficiency Driving Energy
Outline Ⅰ. Lithium Secondary Battery Ⅱ. xev system and Requirement for Battery Ⅲ. Technical Feature of SDI Battery Ⅳ. Development Trend for Next Generation Battery Page 19
1. OEM requirement for EV Driving Range EV 130~160km 300km 400~500km 700km Target for Charging Time* EV 30min 30 min 20min 2~3 15min ~2 BEV Energy ~20kWh Current Short term Future Long term Future
3. Next Generation Battery Development Trend Next generation battery should designed to overcome the limit of the current LIB in terms of energy density - Existing LIB : Limited potential to improve energy density - Next generation battery: To overcome the limit of existing battery, adopt new material to change the energy storage mechanism 4 LIB Lithium metal 2,000 Energy density (Wh/kg) All solid Operat -ing voltage (V) 3 2 Redox flow 500 1,000 Lithium Sulfur Lithium air 1 Ng/Mg 0 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 Capacity density (Ah/kg)
3. Next Generation Battery Development Trend 3-1. All solid lithium battery Utilize the inorganic solid electrolyte instead of the existing organic electrolyt Safety improved, performance deterioration due to the low ion conductivity Anode Cathode Damaged LIB Separator+ fluid electrolyte Anode Cathode All solid battery Sold electrolyte
3. Next Generation Battery Development Trend 3-2. Lithium air battery Battery to use Lithium metal as anode, oxygen as cathode Theoretical energy density is high and low cost, safety, eco-friendly Need to compensate power and cycle life characteristics Overview of Lithium air battery Comparison Lithium- Air LIB Energy density (Wh/kg) 700 300 Cycle life Safety