Hong Kong Student Science Project Competition 2006 Plastic Fuel Carmel Pak U Secondary School
Oil Price
Domestic Waste
Landfill Burden Landfill: Ta Kwu Ling Landfill: Tuen Mun Landfill: Tseung Kwan O Covering 1/400 of HK 17,500 tones of solid wastes are disposed of everyday Landfill sites will be FULL in 6 to 10 years http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_nent.html
Are there any new solutions? Plastic Fuel
Alleviate Landfill Burden Reduce Dependence On Fossil Fuels Aims Conserve Natural Resources Convert wastes into fuels
Presentation Part 1 Theory Catalytic Cracking Part 2 Methodology Part 3 Fractional Practical Distillation Issue
Catalytic Cracking Cracking Liquid Alkanes Polypropene Gaseous Alkenes Sand Brick Catalyst Steel Wool Part 1 Theory
Catalytic Cracking Plastic Samples Catalyst Part 1 Theory
Catalytic Cracking Part 1 Theory
Test using Br 2 Testing Gaseous Alkenes Using Br 2 (aq) Part 1 Theory
Fractional Distillation Part 1 Theory
Fractions of liquid products Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Part 1 Theory
Fraction 3 Fraction 4 End of Part 1 Fraction 5 Part 1 Theory
Presentation Plastic Samples Comparison with fossil fuels Part 1 Experiments conducted Theory Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Catalyst Samples Part 3 Practical Issue
Plastic Samples Polyethene (PE) Polypropene (PP) Plastic Samples Part 2 Methodology
Polypropene (PP) Products Part 2 Drinking Straws Methodology Trays and containers
Polyethene (PE) Products Part 2 Methodology Plastic Bags Wrappings
Catalyst Samples Sandbrick Iron Wool Part 2 Methodology
Conversion PP : Higher % conversion % Conversion of Different Plastics to Alkanes & Alkenes Using Sand Brick as Catalyst 100 90 80 Highest Conversion % % Conversion 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PP (Drinking Straw) PP (Plastic Cup) PE (Parkn Shopping Bag) PE (White Rubbish Bag) PE (Wrapping Bag) 93.2% Part 2 Plastic Samples Methodology
Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Aluminium foil Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Crucible
Soot Mass of soot formed for different samples of liquid alkanes & petroleum 9 8 7 Mass of soot (mg/g) 6 5 4 3 Less soot was produced by plastic fuels 2 1 0 Fraction 1 Boiling Point 75-90 Fraction 2 Boiling Point 125-135 Fraction 3 Boiling Point 160-180 Fraction 4 Boiling Point 220-240 Petrol Kerosene Diesel (Commercial) Different liquid alkanes and petroleum
Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Thermometer Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Aluminium Can Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine Crucible
Enthalpy Enthalpy of combustion of different sample of liquid alkanes and petroleum 1.4 1.2 Plastic fuels & fossil fuels had similar enthalpy of combustion Enthalpy change (kj/g) [negative] 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Fraction 1 Boiling Point 70-90 Fraction 2 Boiling Point 125-135 Fraction 3 Boiling Point 160-180 Fraction 4 Boiling Point 220-240 Petrol Kerosene Diesel (Commercial) Different liquid alkanes and petroleum
Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels Soot Tests for Plastic Fuel Enthalpy Part 2 Methodology Petrol Engine
Petrol Engine Performance of Plastic Fuel in Petrol Engine Part 2 Methodology
Plastic Fuels as substitutes for fossil fuels Plastic 1 2 3 4 5 Fuel (Fraction) End of Part 2 Fossil Petrol Kerosene Diesel Heavy Fuel 2Oils Part 2 Methodology
Presentation Source Separation Trash Tax Part 1 Cost Calculation Theory Part 2 Methodology Part 3 Practical Issue Survey
Cost Calculation Caltex Petrol (8/4/2006) Price (HK $ /g) 0.0195 (tax included) 0.0109 (tax excluded) Fraction 1 (Plastic Fuel) 0.0106 Fraction 2 (Plastic Fuel) 0.0115 Part 3 Practical Issue
How can we do it? Part 3 Practical Issue
Survey 1. Are there any recycling bins in your buildings? 2. Have your ever used the recycling bins? Question 1 19% Yes No Question 2 9% Yes No No comment 81% 32% 59% Part 3 Practical Issue
3. The present recycled materials are paper, aluminium cans and plastic bottles etc. If plastic products are able to be converted into fuels, will thus raise your interest in using the recycling bin? Question 3 18% Yes No Part 3 82% Practical Issue
Trash Tax Part 3 Sharing of the cost of operation and production of plastic fuel Reduction of the use of plastic bags Practical Issue
Public Education Part 3 Practical Issue
Recycling scheme
Plastic Fuel Tree Valuable Plastic Fuel Part 3 Practical Issue Plastic Waste
Acknowledgement Chak Sang Motor Service Sun Kee Motor Car Body TVB ATV Information Service Department, HKSAR Environmental Protection Department
Reference Nnamso S. Akpanudoh, Karishma Gobin and George Manos, Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to Liquid Fuel over Commercial Cracking Catalysts, Effect of Polymer to Catalyst Ratio/Acidity Content, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Volume 235, Issues 1-2, 1 July, 2005 T.Yoshinaga, M, Yamaye T. Kito, T. Ichiki, M. Ogata, J.Chen,H. Fujino, T. Tanimura, T.Yamanobe, Alkaline dechlorination of PVC in organic solvents under mild conditions, Kyushu Institute of Tech., Kyushu Kyoritsu Uni., Kitakyushu City Institute of Environmental Sci., Gunma Uni., Yamahuchi Prefectural Research Institute of Public Health, Feb., 2004
Thank You The End