ou vf/kdkjh % tsofofo/krk laj{k.k lacaf/kr eqn~ns e/; izns k jkt; tsofofo/krk cksmz ¼ou fohkkx] e/; izns k 'kklu½
tsofofo/krk izd`fr dh tsfod laink vksj le`f} dk leiw.kz Lo:i gs] tsofofo/krk (Biodiversity) Biodiversity The variability among all living organisms from all sources cm+s ls cms+ vksj NksVs ls NksVs ;gka rd dh vka[kks ls u fn[kus okys thok.kq] lhkh rjg ds tho ism+ iks/ks?kkl ifrr;ka rfkk oulifr txr dk lc dqn 'kkfey gsa
tsofofo/krk ds Lrj vkuqokaf'kd tsofofo/krk (Genetic Diversity) iztkrh; tsofofo/krk (Species Diversity) ikfjflfkfrdh fofo/krk (Eco-system Diversity)
[kk lqj{kk lsgr vksj LokLF; ykhk js'ks tsofofo/krk dk egro i;zvu tso ;k ck;ks bz/ku izkd`frd pø ds vax ds :i iztkfr;ksa dh ijlij fuhkzjrk fev~vh vksj ty laj{k.k /kkfezd] vk/;kfred vksj lkald`frd
oulifr (Floral) ou;izk.kh (Faunal) d`f"k (Agro) tsofofo/krk ds izdkj ikyrq i'kq (Domesticated) m kfudh (Horticultural) erl; (Fisheries)
thoksa ds jgokl {ks=ksa dk [kre gksrs tkuk nwljh ckg~; iztkfr;ksa dk vkøe.k tsofofo/krk ds u"v gksus ds eq[; dkj.k iznw"k.k osf'od tyok;q esa ifjorzu vfu;ksftr fodkl vi;kzir vksj vyksp'khy i)fr;ka [ksrh,oa okfudh dh dqn izfkk,a tula[;k esa o`f),oa vf/kd mihkksx dh izo`frr
tsofofo/krk %,sfrgkfld igyw czkthy esa o"kz 1992 esa varjkz"vªh; tsofofo/krk leesyu (Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD) dk vk;kstua Hkkjr esa Ok"kZ 2002 esa tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e dh vf/klwpuka Ok"kZ 2004 esa tsofofo/krk fu;e cuk;s x;sa o"kz 2014 esa tsfod lalk/kuksa rd igaqp vksj lg;qdrk tkudkjh rfkk Qk;nk cavkuk fofu;e cuk;s x;sa tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e] 2002 ds fø;ku;ou ds fy, f=&lrjh; lajpuk cuk;h x;h gsa e/; izns k 'kklu }kjk 2004 esa e/; izns'k tsofofo/krk fu;e vf/klwfpr fd;s x;sa fu;e ds ifjikyu esa e/; izns k jkt; tsofofo/krk cksmz dk xbu 11-04-2005 dks fd;k x;ka
tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e] 2002 & f=lrjh; lajpuk jk"vªh; tsofofo/krk izkf/kdj.k] psuukbz (National Biodiversity Authority - NBA) jkt; tsofofo/krk cksmz (State Biodiversity Board - SBB) tsofofo/krk izca/ku lfefr (Biodiversity Management Committees - BMCs)
tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e] 2002 ds mn~ns ; tsofofo/krk dk laj{k.k (Conservation of Biodiversity) tsfod L=ksrksa ls mn~hkwr ykhkksa dk lke;kiw.kz fohkktu (Equitable Benefit Sharing) tsofofo/krk dk laoguh; mi;ksx (Sustainable use of Biodiversity)
tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e] 2002,oa e/; izns k tsofofo/krk fu;e] 2004
vf/kfu;e,oa fu;e ds izeq[k izko/kku ifjhkk"kk ^^tso lalk/kukas^^ ls rkri;z iks/ks] tho&turq vksj lw{e tho ;k muds Hkkx oklrfod ;k lahkkfor mi;ksx ;k ewy; lfgr muds vuqokaf kd inkfkz vksj miksrikn ewy; of/kzr mriknksa dks NksM+dj vfhkizsr gsa fdurq blds varxzr ekuo vkuqokaf kd inkfkz ugha gsa Biological resources means plants, animals and microorganisms or parts thereof, their genetic material and by products (excluding value added products) with actual or potential use or value, but does not include human genetic material.
vf/kfu;e,oa fu;e ds izeq[k izko/kku ^^okf.kft;d mi;ksx^^ ls rkri;z okf.kt; mi;ksx ds fy;s tsls vkuqokaf kd O;o/kku ds ek/;e ls Qly vksj i kq/ku esa lq/kkj djus ds fy;s iz;qdr vks"kf/k] vks ksfxd fd.od] [kk lqxa/k] lqokl] izlk/ku] ik;lhdkjd] rsy jky] jax] lrr vksj thu] okf.kft;d mi;ksx ds fy;s tso lalk/kuksa dk vafre mi;ksx vfhkizsr gs] fdurq blds varxzr fdlh d`f"k] okxokuh] dqddqv ikyu] nqx/k m ksx] i kqikyu ;k e/kqed[kh ikyu esa mi;ksx essa vkus okyk ikjaifjd iztuu ;k ijaijkxr i)fr;kwa ughaa gsaa Commercial utilization means end uses of biological resources for commercial utilization such as drugs, industrial enzymes, food flavours, fragrance, cosmetics, emulsifiers, oleoresins, colours, extracts and genes used for improving crops and livestock through genetic intervention, but does not include conventional breeding or traditional practices in use in any agriculture, horticulture, poultry, dairy farming, animal husbandry or bee keeping.
vf/kfu;e,oa fu;e ds izeq[k izko/kku /kkjk 7,oa fu;e 17 okf.kft;d mi;ksx ds fy;s dksbz O;fDr@laLFkk tso lalk/ku vfhkizkir djuk pkgrk gs rks bldh iwoz lwpuk jkt; fofo/krk cksmz nsxka /kkjk 22 jkt; tsofofo/krk cksmz dh LFkkiukA /kkjk 23 jkt; tso fofo/krk cksmz ds d`r;@dk;za /kkjk 24,oa fu;e 17 laj{k.k ds mn~ns';ksa dk myya?ku djus ds fy;s dfri; fø;kdykiksa dks fuczaf/kr djus dh jkt; tsofofo/krk cksmz dh 'kfdra
vf/kfu;e,oa fu;e ds izeq[k izko/kku /kkjk 37,oa fu;e 22 /kkjk 38 /kkjk 41,oa fu;e 23 /kkjk 59 /kkjk 61 tsofofo/krk ckgqy; LFkykas dks tsofofo/krk fojklr LFky?kksf"kr djus gsrqa foyqir gks jgh iztkfr dks vf/klwfpr djus dh dsunzh; ljdkj dh 'kfdra LFkkuh; fudk; Lrj ij tsofofo/krk izca/ku lfefr;ksa dk xbua tsofofo/krk vf/kfu;e ds mica/k vu; fof/k ds mica/kksa ds vfrfjdr gksaxsa vf/kfu;e ds varxzr myya?ku djus okys vijk/kksa dk lakku ysus dk vf/kdkja
LFkkuh; fudk; vius vf/kdkfjrk {ks= esa ch-,e-lhxfbr djsaxh lfefr esa lkr O;fDr gksaxs rfkk 6 fo ks"k vkeaf=r tsofofo/krk izca/ku lfefr lfefr dk dk;zdky 5 o"kz dk gksxk lfefr LFkkuh; Lrj ij tsofofo/krk dk laj{k.k,oa lao/kzu rfkk yksd tsofofo/krk iath dk fuekz.k djsxha vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, vf/kfu;e] 2002 dh /kkjk 41,oa e- iz fu;e] 2004 ds fu;e 23
tsfod lalk/kuksa rd igaqp vksj lg;qdrk tkudkjh rfkk Qk;nk cavkuk fofu;e] 2014 ¼Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr jkti= fnukad 21-11-2014½
fofu;e] 2014 ds izeq[k izko/kku fofu;e 2 fofu;e 3 fofu;e 4 fofu;e 5 dksbz O;fDr tks tso lalk/kuksa rd igaqp dk vk k; j[krk gs izk:ik ^d^ ds lkfk vkosnu izk:ik & 1 esa,u-ch-,- ;k,l-ch-ch- dks nsxka tso lalk/kuksa dk okf.kft;d mi;ksx ds fy, Qk;nk cavkus dk <ax fofu;e 2 ds v/khu okf.kft;d mi;ksx ds fy, igaqp cuk, x, tsfod lalk/kuksa ds foø; ewy; ds Qk;ns dks cavkus dk fodyi Qhl laxzg.k & mu {ks=ksa ls tks tsofofo/krk izca/ku lfefr ds vf/kdkfjrk {ks= esa vkrs gs] bu fofu;eksa ds v/khu,l-ch-ch-@,u-ch-,- dks Qk;nk cavkus ds vfrfjdr gksxk
e/;izns'k jkt; ou uhfr] 2005 3-14 tso fofo/krk laj{k.k 3-14-1 tso fofo/krk le`) LFkyksa dh igpku dj mugsa tso fofo/krk /kjksgj LFky ds :i esa lwphc) dj fodflr fd;k tk;sxka 3-14-2 izns'k ds lelr ou {ks=ksa,oa ou {ks=ksa ds ckgj ¼lkoZtfud {ks=ksa,oa futh {ks=ksa esa½ fo eku tso fofo/krk dk ^tso fofo/krk vf/kfu;e 2002* ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj laj{k.k fd;k tk;sxka 3-14-3 lelr ou {ks=ksa dh dk;z vk;kstukvksa esa tso fofo/krk laj{k.k dks i;kzir egro fn;k tk;sxka
e/;izns'k jkt; ou uhfr] 2005 3-14-4 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa tso fofo/krk le`) {ks=ksa dh igpku dj mudk leqfpr laj{k.k,oa fodkl fd;k tk;sxka lkfk gh mi;qdr miyc/k {ks=ksa esa ckwvsfudy xkmzu,oa twykwftdy ikdz LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk;sxka 3-14-5 tso fofo/krk laj{k.k esa LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa dh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk ds n`f"vxr tsfod lalk/kuksa ds Kku,oa muds laoguh; mi;ksx ls gksus okys ykhkksa esa bu leqnk;ksa dh leqfpr Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dh tk;sxha
Oku vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vis{kk;sa ou o`rr@oue.my esa vk;ksftr izf k{k.k] dk;z kkyk] csbd br;kfn esa tsofofo/krk laj{k.k fo"k; dks lfeefyr djsaa vkr;f/kd mi;ksx ls de gks jgs ism+&iks/ks ds nksgu dks jksdk tkosa {ks= dh eq[; ál gksrh tsofofo/krk ds var%lfkyh; laj{k.k ds iz;kl fd;s tkus pkfg;sa tsofofo/krk izca/ku lfefr dk iquzxbu dj mugsa l kdr djus gsrq LFkkuh; dezpkfj;ksa dks tkx:d fd;k tkosa yksd tsofofo/krk iath rs;kj djus esa ch-,e-lh- dks rduhdh lg;ksx iznku djuka tsofofo/krk ckgqy; {ks= dks tsofofo/krk fojklr LFky?kksf"kr djuka tso lalk/kuksa dk okf.kft;d mi;ksx djus okys O;fDr@ lalfkk dh tkudkjh rs;kj djuka
f k{kk] tkx:drk,oa izf k{k.k laoguh; mi;ksx,oa ykhkksa dk leqfpr forj.k cksmz dh xfrfof/k;ka 'kks/k,oa nlrkosthdj.k cksmz ds dk;z{ks= uhfrxr,oa os/kkfud eqn~ns var%lfkyh;,oa Ckkg~;%LFkyh; laj{k.k lq'kklu