1 Global Grid Reliability Advances Jay Giri Director, Power Systems Technology & Strategic Initiatives Redmond, WA jay.giri@ge.com
Background
The Interconnected Power Grid 3 One of the Most Complex & Immense, 7 x 24 must run, engineering machines in existence today!
EMS Real-time Grid Management solution 4 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System Functions SCADA Loadshed Historical Recording NETWORK GENERATION Communication Server Data Acquisition Real-Time Database State Estimator Powerflow Contingency Analysis Security Enhancement Optimal Powerflow AGC Study Functions Load Forecast User Interface System Modeling Inter Control Center Communication Historical Data Warehouse
Today s grid is already Smart 5 System-wide Smarts : 1. EMS operator actions 2. EMS Automatic generation Control (AGC) 3. Automatic under/over voltage frequency shedding 4. Special grid protection schemes, RAS, SIPS, etc Regional Smarts : 1. Volt-Var Control (VVC) 2. Automatic under/over voltage load shedding Equipment Smarts : 1. Relays for protection of individual power equipment:
Tomorrow s power grid 6 Today s grid is already Smart! Our challenge: Make tomorrow s grid Smarter!
Current Challenges
Today s trends, influences, challenges 8 Retiring Workforce Efficiency DER, DG, Microgrids Demand Response Cyber-Security Sustainability Renewables & CO 2 -free energy IT Architecture & Services New Equipment PMU, FACTS, HVDC, New Storage Business Model Change New regulations System Dynamics Operating near to true real time llimits System Scalability From energy clusters to large Interconnected grids
9 Evolution of Network Model Sizes 1,200 buses (Original EMP Test Model) 4,200 buses 2,000 buses 8,000 buses 5,000 buses 3,000 buses 5,000 buses Transmission 23,000 buses Mar 05 (Eastern Interconnect Breaker Model 73,000 buses) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 3,000 buses 1,400 buses 8,000 buses 6,000 buses (reduced ECAR) (WECC 161 KV & above) 11,000 buses (PSSE Bus/Branch replaced by detailed breaker for MISO Area) 32,000 buses 2,500 buses Dec 04 (42,000 buses used for FAT/SAT) 1.5M feeders Distribution
10 Operators Needs Evolving- More Information, Less Data Operators see Data They want Information!
Evolution of Grid Analytics and Visualization Data to Information to Insight to Foresight! 11 Applications 1.0 Applications 2.0 Applications 3.0 Monitoring Control Information Decisions Action Exposure Risk Visualization 1.0 Visualization 2.0 Visualization 3.0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Computer power has increased over the years - 12 Thankfully! Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of Fairchild and Intel. His 1965 prediction is known as "Moore s Law: The number of components on an integrated circuit will increase exponentially with time, while cost per function decreases 12
Operator Displays from a Modern EMS
14 Dynamic Dashboard: Current area of interest
Integrated SCADA & GIS Displays 15 Contour: area Voltage Query: station voltages Power flow animation Flyout: SCADA 1-lines
16 Voltage Stability Locations & Controls
Where are the VAR sources? 17
Visualization of dynamic clusters and frequency 18
Reliability Analysis at a modern EMS EMS Evolution - Enhanced Grid Security Analysis Situation Awareness Wide Area Visualization 19 Grid Security Monitor UI Navigation WAMS Alerts Wide Area Security Steady State Security Dynamic Security Correlation UI Navigation Local UI & Storage PMU angles & Oscillation Monitoring EMS RT Network Analysis Small signal Voltage Transient Non-operational Data PMU-based Apps Network Model-based Apps Condition monitoring Weather information Power System Grid
Practical Advances in Grid Reliability Solutions
Pacific Gas & Electric Source Vahid Madani PG&E 21
Western US Peak RC 22 Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) Deployment: Scope: 19 organizations with over 300 PMUs and 60 PDCs. Data sharing and visibility Enhanced situational awareness Schedule: General visualization, alarming, archiving, December 2012 Project Highlights: Large PMU penetration and 100% participant involvement Dedicated communications infrastructure Assisting the Western region in joint decision making
India s Grid Evolution source: www.powergridindia.com 23 Evolution of National Grid 1. Regional Grid Management - 1960 s. 2. 5 regions - Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern and Southern 3. 31st December 2013: Southern Region was connected to Central achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE FREQUENCY'. Today, the Indian power system is one of the largest synchronous grids in the world
India EMS 4 level hierarchy source: POSOCO Synchrophasors in India Dec 2013 24
WAMS and On Line Stability India PowerGrid URTDSM 25 Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement Complete observability of the Indian Power system in sub-second real time The world s largest WAMS project implementation 33 PDCs: 26 States; 5 Regions; 2 National Control Centers 359 Substations with 3,400 PMUs sending 25 samples per second Over 25,000 synchrophasors (positive sequence, 3 phases, voltage and current, MW and MVAR) 1 Year of long term data: 0.5 Peta Bytes
Future Grid Management
The Future Smarter Grid : Adding more intelligence to the traditional power grid 27 Smart Grid : A Three-Level Architecture Real-time IT & Communication In the Cloud New Capabilities, New Technologies & New Equipment The Traditional Electrical Grid
Future Grid Management Shifting from a Reactive paradigm to a Proactive paradigm! Look-ahead analysis Load-following generation Facilitates smooth integration of: Microgrids, Renewables, Distributed Generation, Demand Response, etc 28
Future Grid Management The Future A int what it used to be! Uncertainty is increasing.. New Challenges & Opportunities! Monitor trends continually The Past not always a good indicator of the Future! Develop new innovative solutions while leverage technology advances Tightly integrate sub-second PMU measurements with FACTS thyristor-based controls 29
30 Thank you jay.giri@ge.com