The Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
Warmup What Do We Already Know about the Industrial Revolution?
Agenda Warmup Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions PowerPoint with Notes
Crash Course Industrial Revolution
Pre-Industrial Society Horses, carriages, ships, feet Farms, hand-tools, small businesses/guilds/crude factories Poverty, high death rates, diseases, poor hygiene Concentration of wealth in the hands of a few
England The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700s Why England? 1) Coal and iron deposits 2) Political stable 3) The world s leading colonial power (obtain raw materials and sell manufactured goods from/to the colonies)
Before 1700, industries were run on humanpower and animal power Water had been used to power early machines for over 2,000 years Greece, Rome, Egypt, China, medieval Europe, India, Middle East Downfalls: Could vary by season, rainfall, water flow, dams, etc. Had to be near a water source Water Power
SOLUTION?
Steam Power! Steam engines were created to pump water out of mines Thomas Newcomen designed and built a practical engine around 1712 Steam Engine
Steam Power Benefits Factories did not have to be near a water source Used in more industries than mining Boiling water doesn t vary by season Downfalls Used fossil fuels to boil the water (mostly coal)
Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Problem = Threads were spun one at a time, by hand Spinning Wheel
Around 1764, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny ( jenny is an abbreviation for engine ) Enabled people to create multiple spools of thread simultaneously Spinning Jenny Textiles
The Spinning Mule Invented by Samuel Crompton 1779 The spinning mule used water power to spin the thread, which was much faster than doing it by hand
Cottage Industry A cottage industry is a business or manufacturing industry that is carried out in a person s home or small local workshop
The Power Mule Power Mule
A cotton factory
Transportation Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse and their own feet to get around. With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took a huge step forward. The first two major US railroad companies were the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.
Steam Locomotive The steam locomotive was invented in England in the late 18 th century The first full-scale working locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick The Puffing Devil took its first journey on February 21 st, 1804 The first passenger and goods trains worked by 1830
Passenger carriers
An original steam engine
Steam locomotive
Leland Stanford Leland Stanford was an American business tycoon (a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry), co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, creator of Stanford University, the governor of California, started Pacific Life insurance, & was a director of Wells Fargo
Leland Stanford Leland Stanford acquired control of the Southern Pacific Railroad He merged the Central Pacific and the Southern Pacific Railroads together He was head of the railroad company that built the western portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad Stanford drove the ceremonial spike at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10 th, 1869 to connect the two ends of the Transcontinental Railroad
Agriculture Advances in agriculture were also made The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently More crops could now be grown to feed an increasing population
The seed drill
The reaper The reaper was used to cut down the harvest Downfall = took a long time to harvest crops by hand
The mechanical reaper The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than the hand reaper (early version of a tractor)
Steel With the invention of steel, buildings could be made much taller Steel is much harder than iron, which bends if made too tall The steel industry created many new products, and led to the invention of the car.
Bessemer Process The Bessemer Process Making Steel
Factories
A melting plant
Industrialization
Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel business by putting all of his competitors out of business. He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg. Became one of the richest people ever His book The Gospel of Wealth called on the rich to improve society (charities, donations, and other philanthropic works)
The electric light Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb and the phonograph
Telegraph In 1844, Samuel Morse demonstrated his telegraph by sending a message to Baltimore from the chambers of the Supreme Court in Washington, DC. The message, "What hath God wrought?," marked the beginning of a new era in communication. The telegraph used dots and dashes to send messages over electric lines. These dots and dashes became known as Morse Code.
Alexander Graham Bell patented the first telephone in 1876. Telephone
John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller became the richest man in the world in the oil business. He created Standard Oil Company. Oil began to be used in all types of machines, like cars.
Henry Ford Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T. The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable.
Samuel Gompers With all the new businesses being created, someone needed to take care of the workers. Gompers created the American Federation of Labor, or organization of other labor unions that had bonded together to protect the rights of workers.
Orville and Wilber Wright The Wright brothers were the first men to successfully fly an airplane. The flight lasted only twelve seconds, but it proved men could fly.
Activity! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6b yg7q74qg Please watch the video with your own headphones on my laptops There are notes to go along with the videos