10-06-2013 Master Class on PVsyst Solar Project Designing Tool 7 th June 2013
Objectives Fundamental aspects of PV system design Performance assessment of PV systems PVSyst simulation process PV array shading analysis Custom engineering Simulating loss factors Assessment of hourly generation System design for fixed v/s tracking system PR calculations Hands-on PVSyst case studies for grid connected and rooftop systems
10-06-2013 Understanding Solar PV Technologies
Solar PV technologies 10-06-2013
May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10 Sep-10 Nov-10 Jan-11 Mar-11 May-11 Jul-11 Sep-11 Nov-11 Jan-12 Mar-12 price in us dollar $ Solar PV Price Trends 3.00 2.50 Crystalline($ / Wp) Thin film CdS/CdTe($ / Wp) Thin film a-si/µ-si($ / Wp) 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 - Months & Year 10-06-2013
PV Prices have been free fall over past couple of years Efficiency Increases Increased competition Economy of scale Innovative technologies Source: ITRPV, SEMI 10-06-2013
PV Material Trends-Silicon wafer price Silicon price $/kg 80 70 Silicon price $/kg 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 Source: ITRPV, SEMI, PG Group The PV module cost is function of material price and the efficiency of conversion The silicon price trends will lead to the module price in the range of $ 0.5/Wp by 2017 Reduction in wafer thickness has also led to reduced module price. Further there is a trend in glass thickness reduction, larger ingot size, and back contact options. 10-06-2013
10-06-2013 25 year life and <1% degradation/year is the industry standard. PV modules installed after 2000 have been much more reliable in case of thin film.
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10-06-2013 Annual Cell production by Country
10-06-2013 Solar Resource Assessment
Average GHI and DNI In India 10-06-2013 Source :NREL
Solar radiation data 8 7 The GHI for the region is ranging from 4 kwh/sq.m./day from 3.26 to 7.42 kwh/sq.m./day. As per Meteonorm database, the annual GHI of the site is 2021 kwh/sq.m G H I ( k W h / s q. m / d a y ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MNRE-NREL NASA Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Meteonorm Solar GIS (for last 1 year) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Four types of data sources are compared for the site (GHI (kwh/sq.m./day). These include MNRE- NREL, NASA-SSE and Meteonorm and Solar GIS (1 May 12-30 Apr 13) MNRE-NREL model estimates annual average GHI at 10 km resolution based on hourly estimates of radiation over 7 years (2002-2008) NASA-SSE is satellite monthly data for a grid of 1 x1 (111 km) covering the whole world, for a 10 years period (1983-1993). Solar GIS values represent an area of 250 m x 250 m 10-06-2013
10-06-2013 Data Uncertainty
Insolation Insolation-Incident Solar Radiation, kwh/m2. Approximately 1 kw/m2 at the earth s surface. 1 kw/m2 of irradiance for 5 hours = 1 kw/m2 x 5 hr = 5 kwh/m2 of insolation 5 kwh/m2 of insolation on a 2 sq-m surface = 5kWh/m2 * 2 m2 = 10 kwh of energy received byt he surface. 10-06-2013
Uncertainty in Energy Yield Prediction 10-06-2013
10-06-2013 System sizing
10-06-2013 PV string
10-06-2013 Module specifications
Module Characteristics I-V Characteristics with respective Irradiance 10-06-2013
Module Characteristics Efficiency vs Irradiance at different temperatures 10-06-2013
Module Characteristics I-V Characteristics with respective Temperature 10-06-2013
Fixed and Tracking Structures Single axis tracking Dual axis tracking 10-06-2013
Radiation Gain record of a typical tracker system 10-06-2013
10-06-2013 Inverter selection
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Effect of Temperature on Inverter PVsyst 09-06-2013
Effect of Temperature on Inverter 09-06-2013
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09-06-2013 Effect of shading on PV cell
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09-06-2013 Shading Analysis
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Shading Analysis Lateral shading As the plant has a slope towards west, the adjoining array has level difference of about 6 inches which is causing lateral shading on the adjoining panels. A shading analysis for typical 2 arrays was conducted and observed that about 0.136% of energy is lost due to lateral shading. This accounts for a loss of 12.7 MWh of energy on annual basis and leads to a revenue loss of approx. INR 148,000 First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India 34
CABLE SIZING -1 % saving in the conductor losses can save about 20 Lakh rupees in case of a typical 5MW plant. -The Ampacity of DC Cable is function of temperature. - Aluminium conductors have higher resistance and low ductile strength. -Low voltage drop in Copper cables, generally used at DC side of the plant. -Bunching of cables reduces Ampacity. ACSR cable Copper cable 09-06-2013
Correction factor for cables at different temperatures As temperature increases,the Ampacity of the conductor reduces.so correction factors are to be considered before sizing of a cable. 09-06-2013
Voltage in V Voltage drop in string cable with temperature 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Temperature in Deg C 10-06-2013
09-06-2013 Layout of a PV plant-dc side
09-06-2013 Layout of a PV plant-ac side
Module cell operating temperature (Thermography test) Tests were conducted on about 20 individual panels/tables to detect hot spots The highest at the module surface during the thermography was observed 62.5 deg C While the average surface temp of cell was ranging 40-50 deg C, the hot spot temperatures were observed in the range of 45-60 deg C Source: Photovoltaik Institute, Berlin First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India 40
Review of Plant Performance 1.20 Actual PR Vs Calculated PR 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Actual PR Calculated PR First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India 41
Shading Analysis 9500 Loss in Energy due to shading G e n e r a t i o n ( M W h ) 9450 9400 9350 9300 9250 9200 9150 Generation without shading Generation with shading There is a loss of 163.3 MWh of energy due to effect of shading on the plant during morning and evening hours resulting in a revenue loss of INR 19 lacs The shading losses are of the order of 1.73%. These losses are expected to be further higher as the array face the shading during the morning hours due to differential leveling of array structures First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd,U 28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India 42
09-06-2013 Loss diagram for 1MW plant
Thank You First Green Consulting Private Limited U-28A/3 FF, White Town House DLF Ph III Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India Tel.: (+91) 124 424 1750, 9899295854 Fax: (+91) 124 424 1751 Web: www.firstgreenconsulting.in Email: sanjayvashishtha@gmail.com Blog: firstgreenconsulting.wordpress.com 09-06-2013