C2, C3, C4 Monomer Analysis Malgorzata Sierocinska Agilent Technologies Waldbronn Page 1
Why Analyze Monomers? To Insure Consistent Production of High Quality Polymer Protect against food contamination in food packaging Protect Catalysts from Irreversible Poisoning Increase Time between Catalyst Changes Better Market Position for Product Sales Higher product quality = higher price Page 2
Compounds to be Analyzed in HP Olefin Monomers Oxygenates Sulfurs Ammonia Arsine Phosphine Chlorides A Solution for Monomer Impurities Page 3
Pressurized Liquids Injector Simple, No transfer line, High pressure, Automatic operation and long service life Syringe Body replaced by Liquid Valve 4-Port LS Valve Removable Needle installed on one Port of valve Page 4
FLOW DIAGRAM Of The Injection Device (6) Restrictor (5) Fused silica tubing Sample Out (4) Filter W Sample In S (1) Valve C P (3) EPC Split Vent Carrier Gas (2) Needle FID Column Figure 1, Flow Diagram of HPID Page 5
Hydrocarbon Impurities in Propylene by FID 1. methane 2. ethane 3. ethylene 4. propane 5. Propylene 6. Acetylene 7. i-butane 8. Propadiene 9. n-butane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. t-2-butene 11. 1-butene 12. Isobutylene 13. c-2-butene 14. Methyl acetylene 15. 1,3-butadiene 11 12 10 13 14 15 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 Page 6
Hydrocarbon Impurities in of Ethylene 1 2 3 4 M Deactivated Alumina PLOT Column 50 m x 530 mm 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 8 6 14 5 10 15 20 25 1 methane 6 acetylene 11 1-butene 2 ethane 7 isobutane 12 isobutylene 3 ethylene 8 propadiene 13 c-2-butene 4 propane 9 n-butane 14 methylacetylene 5 propylene 10 t-2-butene 15 1,3-butadiene Excess resolution will allow shorter columns Page 7
14X Faster Than Original Method 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Faster analysis and shorter cycle time achieved by Shorter column - 10 meter Increasing the temperature programming rate Higher starting temperature and lower end temperature Page 8
Impurities in Pressurized 1, 3-Butadiene 1, Methane; 2, Ethane; 3, Ethylene; 4, Propane; 5, Propylene; 6, i-butane; 7, n-butane; 8, t-2-butene; 9, 1-Butene; 10, i-butene; 11, c-2-butene; 12, i-pentane; 13, n-pentane; 14, n-hexane; 15, 1,3-Butadiene; 16, 1-Pentene; 17, c-2-pentene; 18, Hexane; 19, Toluene; 20, Dimer 5 10 11 15 20 9 12 Oven: 35 C, 2 min. 10C/min to 195 C, 16 min. Column: PLOT AL2O3/ KCL (PN:3352), 30m, 0.53mm,15ul Flow 10 ml/min, Split flow: 150 Sampling Valve:05W-0056V, 0.5ul (180 psi) 7 19 1 2 3 4 6 8 14 13 16 17 18 5 10 15 20 25 Page 9
Impurities in Liquified Propylene 1, Methan; 2, Ethane; 3, Ethylene; 4, Propane; 5, Propylene; 6, i-butane; 7, n-butane 8, t-2-butene; 9, 1-Butene; 10, i-butene; 11,c-2-Butene; 12, i-pentane; 13, n-petane; 14, n-hexane 4 5 7 Oven: 35 C, 10 min. 10C/min 190 C 3 min. Column: PLOT AL2O3/ KCL PN:3352, 30m, 0.53mm,15ul Flow 10 ml/min, 11.782 psi Split flow: 150.3; Total 163 Split ratio: 15:1 EPC: 50 psi (246 ml/min), Room Temp. Valve:05W-0056V, 0.5ul, The biger size 6 1 2 3 8 910 11 12 13 14 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Page 10
Impurities in Liquified Ethylene 1, Methane; 2,Ethane; 3, Ethylene; 4, Propane; 5, i-butane; 6, n-butane; 7 n-pentane; 8, n-hexane 22 3 Oven: 35 C, 0 min. 4C/min 120 C 8.75 min. Column: PLOT AL2O3+KCL + DB-1, 30m, 0.53mm,5ul flow 1.399 ml/min, (7ml/min), 12 psi Split flow: 250.8(154ml/min) Split ratio: 178:1 EPC: 50 psi (170 ml/min), Room Temp. Valve:05W-0056V, 0.5ul The biger one 1 4 5 6 7 8 5 10 15 20 25 30 Page 11
Traces of Oxygenates in Gas and LPG Type Matrices with Purged Tee Backflush Page 12
2 ppm of Oxygenates Standard Page 13
Enhanced ASTM D6584 with Traces of Oxygenates- FID 1 Inlet Restrictor Primary Column HP-Innowax (30m x 0.32mm ID x 0.5 um) FID 2 Secondary Column HP-Alumina PLOT M (30 m x 0.53mm ID x 15um) Capillary Flow Technology Deans Switch PCM ASTM D6584 measures trace hydrocarbons uses alumina PLOT column Oxygenates best separated on HP-Innowax column Use Deans switch to combine two methods into one primary column separates oxygenates Deans switch selectively transfers only the hydrocarbons to alumina PLOT HP-Innowax column protects alumina PLOT from damage Page 14
Complete Separation of Oxygenates and Hydrocarbons Heart-Cutting 100 ppmv Impurities in Ethylene pa 35 30 25 20 Cut time: 2.3 4.3 min. 5 (methanol) HP-Innowax (19091N-213) pa 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 Min. 1 2 3 4 C 1 to C 4 Hydrocarbons Separated on Secondary Column 6 7 8 0 5 10 15 20 25 Min. 9 10 12 13 11 14 Complete separation in one run PLOT Alumina M (19095P-M23) 15 16 Page 15
Excellent Precision for Trace Compounds in Ethylene 20 Runs of Ethylene Spiked with 2 ppmv Peak # Name Avg. (ppmv)* % RSD* 1 methane 2.1 0.5% 2 ethane 21.5 0.2% 3 ethylene Balance Balance 4 propane 2.1 3.0% 5 methanol 2.1 3.8% 6 propylene 2.1 1.1% 7 isobutane 2.1 0.7% 8 n-butane 2.0 0.5% 9 propadiene 2.1 1.2% 10 acetylene 1.9 1.9% 11 tran-2-butene 2.1 0.5% 12 1-butene 2.0 0.7% 13 isobutylene 2.1 0.8% 14 cis-2-butene 2.1 0.8% 15 1,3-butadiene 2.1 0.9% 16 methylacetylene 2.0 0.7% Most RSD s< 2% Page 16
2-D GC Analysis of Olefin Feedstocks 2 ppm methanol in Ethylene 2 ppm methanol in Propylene HP-Innowax 0 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 Alumina M PLOT 0 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 Page 17
Traces of Permanent Gases in Monomers Uses the 10 port low leakage valve The matrix is cut on the packed precolumn Inerts including H2,O2,N2,CO,CH4 are separated on packed column Detection PHID in helium mode Page 18
Trace of Permanent Gases in Monomers Page 19
PDHID Description and Operating Principle Source for ionization: Low power pulsed DC discharge in helium which generates high energy photons Non-destructive process (0.01 0.1% ionization) Detector response is universal except for Neon Linear Dynamic Range ~ 10 5 MDL in low picogram range INTERCONNECT The PDHID has numerous applications across HPI and environmental industries due to its universal and sensitive response Page 20 PDHID.02
Page 21 Analyzer for Traces of Permanent Gases in CO2, Ethylene, Propylene
CO,CO2 Traces in Monomers and Process Gases Uses methanizer and FID detection for high sensitivity. May include 4 port venting valve for venting high CH4 amounts. C2+ fraction backflushed from the precolumn to vent Page 22
CO,CO2 Traces in Process Gases and Monomers with Venting Valve FLOW SOURCE = #87X 7890 valve system INJECTION PORT DATE : O/N : VALVE COMPARTMENT BLOCK 2 BLOCK 1 Valve 4 Valve 1 File 7890-0282 ITEM DETECTOR. H2 301 Aux 3 301 Aux 4 301 Aux 5 Out Sample In 7 8 9 10 Loop 6 1 5 4 3 2 Vent 4 vent 3 1 2 A 210 Valve 3 6890 Options REM : Valve 2 Page 23
Traces of CO, CO2,CH4 in Monomers FLOW SOURCE = #87X 7890 valve system INJECTION PORT DATE : O/N : VALVE COMPARTMENT BLOCK 2 BLOCK 1 Valve 4 Valve 1 File 7890-0304 ITEM DETECTOR. H2 301 Aux 3 301 Aux 4 301 Aux 5 Out Sample In 7 8 9 10 Loop 6 1 5 4 3 2 Vent A 210 Valve 3 7890 Options REM : Valve 2 Page 24
CO,CO2 at 4.5 ppm and CH4 at 10x higher Concentration Page 25
CO,CO2 at 0.45 ppm and CH4 at 10x higher Concentration Page 26
Page 27 CO,CO2,CH4 Determinations Repeatibility
Page 28 MSD in High Purity Monomer Analysis
Improved Response for Sulfur Compounds 1.3 ppm per component in helium Scan 33 100 amu THT Full Scan! DMS CS 2 tbsh H 2 S COS CH 3 SH EtSH 10000 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 Page 29
Improved Response for Sulfur Compounds 1.3 ppm per component in helium Scan 33 100 amu THT Full Scan! DMS CS 2 tbsh H 2 S COS CH 3 SH EtSH 10000 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 Page 30
Improved Response for Sulfur Compounds Sim Mode: 46 ppb per Component In Helium THT 5ppb level of sulfur possible in SIM Excellent peak shape/response DMS CS 2 MeSH EtSH tbsh H 2 S COS Time--> 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 Page 31
Improved Response for Sulfur compounds Abundance Sulfur in bulk Propylene (COS fully coeluting with propylene 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 Sim mode: 50 to 1 split 180 ppb each component H 2 S COS 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.40 Page 32
Sulfur Impurities by GCMS in SIM Component Hydrogen Sulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Methyl Mercaptan Ethyl Mercaptan LQL 10 ppb 10 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb Conc. Range Hydrogen Sulfide 25 575 ppb Carbonyl Sulfide 15 310 ppb Methyl Mercaptan 25 410 ppb Ethyl Mercaptan 15 315 ppb # of Points 4 5 5 5 Corr. Coeff. 0.992 1.000 0.999 1.000 Hydrogen Sulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Methyl Mercaptan Ethyl Mercaptan Conc. (ppb) 101.7 42.0 79.3 60.1 Std. Dev. 7.4 3.9 1.6 2.1 % RSD 7.3% 9.3% 2.0% 3.5% Page 33
Trace Ethanol in Propylene by GC-MS 3 ppm EtOH Component Methanol Ethanol Isopropanol t-butanol 1-Propanol 1-Butanol MTBE LQL 50 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb 50 ppb Page 34
Other Impurities by GC-MS Component Arsine Phosphine Ammonia Organic Chlorides LQL 50 ppb 50 ppb 2 ppm ~ 20 ppb each Page 35
Trace Phosphine in Propylene 3.3 ppm PH 3 Page 36
Trace Phosphine in Propylene 3.3 ppm PH 3 Page 37
Trace Arsine in Propylene 3.2 ppm AsH 3 Page 38
Trace Methylchloride in Propylene 9 ppm MeCl Page 39
Summary -GCMSD is a very sensitive and potentially selective GC detector - May be used both in process control and quality control of raw materials and products - Allows positive identification of unknown compounds and confirmation of targets Page 40