Supplementary file S1 Individual co-plot of V-slope and lactate curve Figure legend Open triangles represent resting and warm-up lactate values. Each triangle is the mean of 2 values; the mean first and second lactate values were not significantly different from each other either during rest or warm-up. Open squares represent ramp exercise values. Arrows with (*) represent lactate break points that occurred before the stable V-slope was established (transition phase). Circles represent V-slope data points. Those during the transition phase (due to tissue CO 2 storage) are depicted in blue and those on the S1 in red. The determination of VT was made with difficulty in 2 cases (#12 and #2); A slow upward hump towards the R=1 line following short S1 was taken as a threshold. The determination of LT was made with difficulty in 1 case (#12). In this case, changes in the V-slope and lactate curve were both remarkably small. Typical examples of larger CO 2 storage effect and long S1 are #6 and #16. Examples of less CO 2 storage effect with relatively long S1 are #8 and #18. In some cases, a long stable S1 is not maintained, probably because an interval between the CO 2 storage effect (transit phase) and the approach towards R=1 (VT) is too short (cases #5, #14, #15, #19, and #2).
2 1 Case #1 Protocol: 11watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 VT 3 5 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
15 1 Case #2 Protocol: 6watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 VT 3 2 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
15 1 Case #3 Protocol: 8watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) VT 4 5 3 2 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
25 1 Case #4 Protocol: 14watt min -1 9 2 8 7 15 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 1 4 VT 3 5 2 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 2 25 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
2 1 Case #5 Protocol: 9watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 VT 3 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
3 25 Case #6 Protocol: 17watt min -1 1 9 8 2 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 15 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 1 VT 3 5 2 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 25 3 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
15 1 Case #7 Protocol: 7watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 VT 3 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
25 1 Case #8 Protocol: 16watt min -1 9 2 8 7 15 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 1 4 5 VT 3 2 LT1, 2 1 5 1 15 2 25 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
25 1 Case #9 Protocol: 13watt min -1 9 2 8 7 15 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 1 4 VT 3 5 2 LT1,2(*) 5 1 15 2 25 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
2 1 Case #1 Protocol: 1watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 VT 3 5 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
25 1 Case #11 Protocol: 13watt min -1 9 2 8 7 15 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 1 4 5 VT 3 2 1 LT1, 2(*) 5 1 15 2 25 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
2 1 Case #12 Protocol: 1watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 VT 3 5 2 LT1 LT2 1 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
15 1 Case #13 Protocol: 8watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) VT 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 3 2 1 LT1, 2(*) 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
2 1 Case #14 Protocol: 1watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 3 5 VT 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
15 1 Case #15 Protocol: 9watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 3 VT 2 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
2 1 Case #16 Protocol: 1watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 VT 5 4 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 3 5 2 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
25 1 Case #17 Protocol: 11watt min -1 9 2 8 7 15 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 VT 5 4 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 3 5 2 LT1, 2(*) 5 1 15 2 25 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
15 1 Case #18 Protocol: 7watt min -1 9 8 1 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 5 VT 3 2 LT1, 2 5 1 15 VO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1
2 1 Case #19 Protocol: 9watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 3 5 VT 2 1 LT1, 2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
2 1 Case #2 Protocol: 11watt min -1 9 8 15 7 6 VCO 2 (ml min -1 ) 1 5 Lactate (mmol L -1 ) 4 3 5 VT 2 1 LT1(*) LT2 5 1 15 2 VO 2 (ml min -1 )
Supplementary file S2 Individual ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate graph
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #1 25 2 15 1 Case #1 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 1.8 Day2 11 1.3 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #2 25 2 15 1 Case #2 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 12.3 Day2 6 11.5 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
25 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #3 2 15 1 Case #3 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 11.5 Day2 8 11.8 5 1 15 2 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #4 3 25 2 15 1 Case #4 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 11. 5 Day2 14 11.3 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #5 25 2 15 1 Case #5 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 1.6 Day2 9 11. 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #6 3 25 2 15 1 Case #6 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 11.2 5 Day2 17 11.6 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
25 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #7 2 15 1 Case #7 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 1.2 Day2 7 1.5 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #8 3 25 2 15 1 Case #8 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 1.7 5 Day2 16 1.4 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #9 25 2 15 1 Case #9 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 9.9 Day2 13 1.5 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #1 25 2 15 1 Case #1 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 12.1 Day2 1 11.2 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #11 3 25 2 15 1 Case #11 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 11.2 5 Day2 13 13.3 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
45 VO 2 vs. work rate slope 4 Case #12 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Case #12 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 11.5 Day2 1 1.5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #13 25 2 15 1 Case #13 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 1.6 Day2 8 12.4 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #14 25 2 15 1 Case #14 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 11.2 Day2 1 12.1 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
25 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #15 2 15 1 Case #15 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 9.5 Day2 9 11.6 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
25 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #16 2 15 1 Case #16 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 9.4 Day2 1 1.6 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #17 3 25 2 15 1 Case #17 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 11. 5 Day2 11 13.1 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
2 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #18 15 1 5 Case#18 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 9.1 Day2 7 11.7 5 1 15 2 work rate [watt]
35 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #19 3 25 2 15 1 Case#19 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] Day1 25 1. 5 Day2 9 11.2 5 1 15 2 25 3 work rate [watt]
3 VO 2 vs. work rate slope Case #2 25 2 15 1 Case#2 Protocol [watt min -1 ] ΔVO 2 /Δwork rate [ml min -1 watt -1 ] 5 Day1 25 1.5 Day2 11 12.7 5 1 15 2 25 work rate [watt]
Supplementary file S3 Changes in the V-slope VT induced by the ramp shift from the medium to slow ramp Figure legend The red arrow indicates VT.
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #1 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #2 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #3 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #5 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #6 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #7 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #8 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #9 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #11 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #12 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #13 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #14 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #15 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #16 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 5 1 15 2 25 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #17 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #18 2 15 1 5 2 5 1 15 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #19 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35
VCO2 [ml min -1 ] VCO2 [ml min -1 ] Case #2 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35