AIRSPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATIONS Best Rate (Vy) @ SL...79 MPH Best Rate (Vy) @ 10,000...77 MPH Best Angle (Vx) @ SL... 63 MPH Best Angle (Vx) @ 10,000... 69 MPH Maneuvering (Va) @ 2300Lbs... 122 MPH Maximum Normal Cruise (Vno)... 140 MPH Never Exceed (Vne)... 174 MPH Maximum Flap Extend (Vfe)...100 MPH Stall-Landing Configuration (Vso) 2300 lbs 52 MPH Stall-Cruise Configuration (Vs1) 2300 lbs..59 MPH Glide Speed (L/D Max) Flaps Up... 80 MPH Flaps Down to 20.....75MPH Flaps more than 0.70 MPH TAKEOFF: NORMAL: Rotate (Vr)... 60 MPH Liftoff (Vlof)... 75 MPH Climb: (Vy)... 80 MPH Cruise Climb... 90 MPH MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE (SHORT FIELD): Rotate (Vr)... 60 MPH Initial Climb: (Vx)... 63 MPH Normal Climb (Vy)... 79 MPH Cruise Climb... 90 MPH LANDING APPROACH:.. Normal, Flaps @ 0...75 MPH Normal, Flaps @ 40...70 MPH Short Field, Flaps @ 40......67 MPH GO-AROUND: 1. Maximum Power, Carb heat Cold, Flaps 20, 70 MPH Immediately 2. Flaps 10 until obstacle cleared then retract Page 0
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION: Cabin 1. Keys HANG IN PLAIN SIGHT 2. 781's. CHECK 3. Flight Log... RECORD HOBBS 4. Required Documents... CHECK A. Registration B. Airworthiness Certificate C. Weight and Balance 5. Checklists/Placards/POH.. AVAILABLE IN AIRCRAFT 6. Control Wheel Lock. REMOVE 7. Ignition Switch... OFF 8. Radios/Transponder... OFF 9. All Switches.... OFF 10. Carburetor Heat... OFF 11. Throttle.. CLOSED 12. Mixture. IDLE CUTOFF 13. Master Switch.... ON WARNING When turning on the master switch using an external power source or pulling the propeller through by hand; treat the propeller as if the ignition switch were on. Do not stand, or allow anyone else to stand, within the arc of the propeller, because a loose or broken wire or a component malfunction could cause the propeller to rotate. 14. Fuel Gauges.. CHECK QUANTITY 15. External Lights.... ON/CHECK/OFF 16. Flaps... EXTEND 17. Master Switch... OFF 18. Fuel Selector... LEFT 19. Fuel Strainer..PULL ON 4 SECONDS 20. Fuel Sampling Device.. OBTAIN Page 1
FUSELAGE, LEFT SIDE: 1. Door Hinges:..CHECK SECURE 2. Brake and Brake Line:...CHECK 3. Tire and Wheel:.PROPER INFLATION/SECURE 4. Chocks:.. REMOVE 5. Baggage Door:...CHECK SECURE 6. Fuselage Condition:....CHECK EMPENNAGE: 1. Leading Edge, Left Horiz Stab:..CHECK 2. Left Elevator:. CHECK 3. Vert Stab, Rudder, Nav Light, Beacon, Trim 1. Tab:...CHECK 4. Tail Tie Down:...DISCONNECT 5. VOR Antennas:. CHECK 6. Right Elevator, Trim Tab:. CHECK 7. Leading Edge, Right Horizontal Stab:....CHECK FUSELAGE, RIGHT SIDE: 1. Fuselage Condition:.CHECK 2. ELT Antenna: CHECK 3. Belly Mounted Antennas: CHECK 4. Door Hinges:.CHECK 5. Brake and Brake Line:. CHECK 6. Tire and Wheel:...PROPER INFLATION/SECURE 7. Chocks:...REMOVE Right Wing: 1. Fuel Tank Sump:. CHECK 2. Flap:... CHECK 3. Aileron:... CHECK 4. Strobe & Nav Light:... CHECK 5. Leading Edge/Strut :... INSPECT 6. Wing Tie Down:... RELEASE 7. Fuel Quantity:... VISUALLY CONFIRM 8. Fuel Cap:... SECURE 9. Wing Upper Surface/Antennas:. CHECK Nose: 1. Avionics Air Inlet:... CLEAR 2. Cabin Air Inlet:... SECURE 3. Prop and Spinner:... CHECK 4. Engine Inlets:... CHECK 5. Air Filter:... CHECK 6. Nose Strut/Tire:... CHECK (Approx. 2 ) 7. Oil: (6 min, 8 max).... CHECK 8. Oil Filler Cap. SECURE ENSURE OIL ACCESS DOOR IS SECURE 9. Static Source Opening:... CHECK Page 2
Left Wing: 1. Fuel Tank Sump:....CHECK 2. Fuel Quantity:... VISUALLY CONFIRM 3. Fuel Cap:... SECURE 4. Pitot Tube: (remove cover)... CHECK 5. Wing Tie Down:.... RELEASE 6. Fuel Tank Vent:... CHECK 7. Stall Warning:... CHECK 8. Leading Edge and Strut... INSPECT 9. Landing/Taxi Light:... CHECK 10. Strobe & Nav Light:... CHECK 11. Aileron:... CHECK 12. Flap:...CHECK 13. Roll Aircraft Back:.....CHECK ALL TIRES BEFORE STARTING ENGINE: 1. Passenger Briefing:... EP S 2. Seats/Seat Belts/Doors/Emergency Egress 3. Crew Briefing:... BRIEF 4. Seat/Seat Belt/Harness:...ADJUSTED 5. Brakes:......TEST 6. Radios/Transponder:...OFF 7. Circuit Breakers:...IN 8. Electrical Equipment:..OFF 9. 8. Fuel Selector: LEFT STARTING ENGINE: 1. Prime:...... AS REQUIRED 1. (2-6 strokes; none if engine is warm) 2. Carburetor Heat:......OFF 3. Throttle:...... OPEN 1/8 INCH 4. Mixture:......RICH 5. Propeller Area:......CLEAR 6. Brakes:......HOLD 7. Master Switch:......ON 8. Rotating Beacon:...ON 9. Ignition Switch:...INSERT KEY/START 10. Throttle:........ 800-1000 RPM 11. Oil Pressure:...... CHECK (30 sec max) 12. Ammeter:.... CHECK 13. Navigation Lights:......... AS REQUIRED 14. Transponder:...... STANDBY 15. Flaps-Retract:......CHECK VISUALLY 16. Radios...ON-SET 17. ATIS:... OBTAIN 18. Clearances:...OBTAIN Page 3
STARTING ENGINE: If Engine Floods 1. Mixture:...IDLE CUT OFF 2. Throttle:... ½ WAY OPEN 3. Ignition Switch:... START 4. Mixture:... RICH 5. Throttle:... RETARD BEFORE TAXI: 1. Fuel Selector:......RIGHT 2. Flight Instruments:...... CHECK & SET A. Airspeed..ZERO B. Attitude Indicator...SET C. Altimeter.SET D. Turn/Slip Indicator.. CHECK E. Heading Indicator...SET TO MAG COMPASS 1. F.Mag Compass FLUID/PROPER HEADING F. Vertical Speed Indicator ZERO 2. Mixture:...... LEAN AS REQUIRED 3. CONTACT GROUND CONTROL TAXI: 1. 1.Taxi Lights:....... AS REQUIRED 2. Flight Controls POSITION FOR CROSSWIND 3. Brakes..CHECK 4. Nose Wheel Steering:..CHECK 5. Turn Instruments:..CHECK A. Attitude Indicator:..ERECT B. Directional Gyro:..FOLLOWS MAG COMPASS C. Turn and Slip Ind...CORRECT INDICATIONS Page 4
BEFORE TAKEOFF: 1. Brakes:...... HOLD 2. Seat Belts and Harnesses.. SECURE 3. Cabin Doors:..CLOSED AND LATCHED 4. Flight Controls:..... FREE AND CORRECT 6. Flight Instruments:...... SET 7. Fuel Quantity.... CHECK 8. Fuel Selector Valve:...... BOTH 9. Primer:.. IN AND LOCKED 10. Elevator Trim:......TAKEOFF 11. Mixture:...... RICH 12. Throttle:...... 1600 RPM A. Magnetos...... CHECK 1. 125 RPM DROP MAXIMUM 2. 75 RPM MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE B. Carburetor Heat:....CHECK 1. C Suction:..... CHECK (4.6-5.4) C. Engine Instruments:... CHECK D. Ammeter:...... CHECK E. Throttle:......1000 RPM 13. Throttle Friction Lock:.... SET 14. Radios/ Avionics:....... SET 15. Takeoff Briefing.REVIEW 16. Transponder:...... ALT 17. Strobe Lights:...... ON 18. Window:... CLOSED & LATCHED 19. Flaps....... SET FOR TAKEOFF 20. Landing Light:...... AS REQUIRED 21. Contact Tower..TAKEOFF CLEARANCE TAKEOFF: Normal 1. Flaps:......0-10 2. Mixture:......RICH 3. Carburetor Heat:...... COLD 4. Throttle:.........FULL OPEN 5. Rotate:......60 MPH 6. Climb Speed:........79 MPH Page 5
Short Field USE ALL AVAILABLE RUNWAY 1. Flaps:......0 i. (NO OBSTACLE USE 10 FLAPS) 2. Brakes:......HOLD 3. Mixture:......RICH 4. Carburetor Heat:...... COLD 5. Throttle:.........FULL OPEN 6. Engine Instruments:...... CHECK 7. Brakes:......RELEASE 8. Elevator:.....SLIGHTY TAIL LOW 9. Rotate: 60MPH, climb 63MPH... until obs cleared 10. Flaps:...... UP 11. Normal Climb:......79 MPH Soft Field Takeoff 1. Flaps:.........10 2. Mixture:.........RICH 3. Carburetor Heat:............ COLD 4. Throttle:.......FULL OPEN (Slowly) 5. Elevator Control:......FULL AFT 6. Liftoff (IN GROUND EFFECT)...ACCELERATE TO 63 MPH 7. Flaps:....... UP 8. Climb Speed:.........80 MPH ENROUTE CLIMB: 1. Airspeed:.......80-90 MPH 2. Throttle:...... FULL POWER 3. Mixture:...... AS APPROPRIATE (Rich below 3000 MSL) 4. Landing Light...OFF/AS REQUIRED CRUISE: 1. Power:...... 2200-2700 RPM 2. Elevator Trim:...... ADJUST 3. Mixture:...... LEAN WARNING Improper Leaning Procedures will Greatly Reduce Endurance 4. Instruments:.CHECK A. Engine instruments and Ammeter B. Suction C. Fuel Quantity D. Heading Indicator-Reset to Mag Compass 5. Fuel Selector-ALTERNATE LEFT AND RIGHT AT CRUISE ALTITUDES ABOVE 5000 FEET Page 6
DESCENT: 1. Fuel Selector Valve:......BOTH 2. Power:......AS DESIRED 3. Mixture:...... AS REQUIRED 4. Carburetor Heat:...... AS REQUIRED (apply before reducing RPM below the green arc) BEFORE LANDING: 1. Seat Backs:... UPRIGHT 2. Seats-Seat Belts-Shoulder Harness:...ADJUSTED 3. Fuel Selector Valve:... BOTH 4. Mixture:... RICH 5. Carburetor Heat:... ON 6. Landing Light:... AS REQUIRED LANDING: 1. Airspeed:. 80 MPH(Flaps Up) i. 70 MPH (Full Flaps) 2. Flaps: AS DESIRED 3. Touchdown:. MAIN WHEELS FIRST 4. Landing Roll: LOWER NOSE GENTLY 5. Brakes:.. MINIMUM REQUIRED BALKED LANDING/GO-AROUND 1. Throttle:... FULL OPEN 2. Carburetor Heat:... OFF 3. Flaps:... RETRACT TO 20 4. Airspeed:... 70 MPH 5. Flaps: RETRACTED (after reaching a safe altitude and 70 MPH). Short Field Landing 1. Airspeed:...... 75-80 MPH (Flaps Up) 2. Flaps:... FULL DOWN 3. Airspeed (until flare):...67 MPH.. @2400#... 56 MPH @ 2000# 4. Power:...... REDUCE (when clear of obstacles) 5. Touchdown:...... MAIN WHEELS FIRST 6. Flaps:...... RETRACT 7. Brakes:......... AS REQUIRED Soft Field Landing 1. Flaps:...... FULL DOWN 2. Airspeed:...... 70 MPH 3. Power:......CARRY A LITTLE POWER TO 1..KEEP THE NOSE UP 4. Touchdown:...... MAIN WHEELS FIRST 5. Yoke:... FULL BACK-HOLD THE NOSEWHEEL 2. OFF AS LONG AS POSSIBLE 6. Throttle:...... SLOWLY REDUCE TO IDLE 7. Brakes:......ONLY IF NECESSARY Page 7
AFTER CLEARING RUNWAY: 1. Throttle:......1000 RPM 2. Carburetor Heat:......OFF 3. Flaps:...... UP 4. Landing/Taxi Lights:......OFF/ AS REQUIRED 5. Strobes:......OFF 6. Transponder:......OFF 7. Mixture:......LEAN AS REQUIRED 8. CONTACT GROUND SHUTDOWN AT FUEL PIT: 1. Throttle:......1000 RPM 1. 2. Radios/Transponder......OFF 2. Interior Lights:......OFF 3. Mixture:...... IDLE CUT OFF 4. Ignition Switch:...OFF-REMOVE KEYS 5. Master Switch:.....OFF 6. Exterior Lights:....OFF 7. Fuel Selector Valve:...... LEFT TANK 8. Service Aircraft STARTING ENGINE AT FUEL PIT: 1. Grounding wire and Chocks:.. REMOVE 2. Seats, Seat Belts, Harness...ADJUST AND LATCH 3. Mixture:...... RICH 4. Throttle:...... OPEN 1/8 INCH 5. Carburetor Heat:........ OFF 6. Propeller Area:.. CLEAR VISUALLY 7. Ignition Key:..... INSERT 8. Master Switch:..... ON 9. Rotating Beacon:..... ON 10. Brakes:.... HOLD 11. Ignition Switch:.... START 12. Throttle:... 1000 RPM 13. Oil Pressure:.... CHECK 14. Ammeter:.. CHECK 15. Radios:..... ON 16. Exterior Lights:.... AS REQUIRED 17. Ground Control..MONITOR SECURING AIRCRAFT: 1. Throttle:... 1000 RPM 2. ELT Activation:. CHECK 121.5 3. Radios :. OFF 4. Interior Lights:..... OFF 5. Mixture:.... IDLE CUT OFF 6. Ignition Switch:.. OFF-REMOVE KEYS 7. Master Switch:........ OFF 8. Exterior Lights:. OFF Page 8
NOTE: LEAVE ROTATING BEACON SWITCH ON 9. Control Lock:.... INSTALL 10. Chocks and Ground Wire:.... INSTALL 11. Pitot Cover:. INSTALL 12. Hobbs and Tach Time:.... RECORD 13. Sun Shield.INSTALL 14. Oil Pan EMPTY/CLEAN 15. Seat Belts/Shoulder Harness...STOW/SECURE 16. Flight Plan CLOSE/AS REQUIRED Page 9
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Ground Emergencies Engine Fire On Ground.... 2 Takeoff Emergencies Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll...... 3 Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff...... 3 Inflight Emergencies Engine Failure During Flight...... 4 Landing Without Engine Power...... 4 Precautionary Landing...... 5 Ditching...... 6 Engine Fire In Flight...... 7 Electrical Fire In Flight...... 7 Cabin Fire...... 8 Wing Fire...... 8 Icing....... 8 Landing Emergencies Landing Without Elevator Control...... 9 Landing With A Flat Main Tire...... 9 Landing With A Flat Nose Tire... 9 Electrical Emergencies. Ammeter Shows Excessive Rate Of Discharge... 10 Low Voltage... 10 Comm/Nav Failure. 10 Audio Panel Failure...10 Page 10
ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND 1. Cranking... CONTINUE IF ENGINE STARTS 2. Power... 1600 RPM for a few minutes 3. Engine... SHUTDOWN IF ENGINE FAILS TO START 4. Throttle... FULL OPEN 5. Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF 6. Cranking... CONTINUE 7. Fire Extinguisher... OBTAIN 8. Engine... SECURE a. Master Switch... OFF b. Ignition Switch... OFF 9. Fuel Selector Switch... OFF 10. Airplane... EVACUATE 11. Fire... EXTINGUISH ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL 1. Throttle... IDLE 2. Brakes... APPLY 3. Wing Flaps... RETRACT 4. Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF 5. Ignition Switch... OFF 6. Master Switch... OFF ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1. Airspeed... 80MPH (flaps UP) 75 MPH (flaps DOWN) 2. Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF 3. Fuel Selector Switch... OFF 4. Ignition Switch... OFF 5. Wing Flaps... AS REQUIRED 6. Master Switch... OFF 7. Cabin Door... UNLATCH 8. Land... STRAIGHT AHEAD ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT 1. Airspeed...80 MPH Select Best Landing Site 2. Carburetor Heat... ON 3. Fuel Selector Switch... BOTH 4. Mixture... RICH (if restart has not occurred) 5. Ignition Switch... BOTH (start if prop stopped) 6. Primer... IN AND LOCKED EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER Page 11
1. Seats... MOST UPRIGHT POSITION 2. Seat Belts/Shoulder Harness...STOW/SECURE 3. Airspeed... 80 MPH (Flaps Up) 4. 70 MPH (Flaps Down) 5. Mixture... IDLE CUT OFF 6. Fuel Selector Switch... OFF 7. Ignition Switch... OFF 8. Wing Flaps...40 9. Master Switch... OFF (When landing assured) 10. Doors... UNLATCH 11. Touchdown... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW 12. Brakes......APPLY HEAVILY PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Seat... MOST UPRIGHT POSITION 2. Seat Belts/Shoulder Harness...STOW/SECURE 3. Wing Flaps....20 4. Airspeed.70 MPH 5. Selected Field... FLY OVER 6. Retract Flaps at Safe Altitude and Airspeed 7. Radios/Avionics... OFF 8. Electrical Switches... OFF 9. Wing Flaps.40 10. (On Final Approach) 11. Airspeed 70 MPH 12. Master Switch... OFF 13. Doors... UNLATCH 14. Touchdown... SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW 15. Ignition Switch... OFF 16. Brakes...... APPLY HEAVILY DITCHING 1. Radio...TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5 or Assigned frequency.squawk 7700 2. Heavy Objects... SECURE OR JETTISON 3. Seats... MOST UPRIGHT POSITION 4. Seat Belts/Shoulder Harness...STOW/SECURE 5. Flaps...30-40.. DOWN 6. Power... ESTABLISH 300FT/MIN/ 80 MPH 7. Approach: High Winds, Heavy Seas: INTO THE WIND Light Winds, Heavy Swells: PARALLEL to SWELLS 8. Cabin Doors... UNLATCH 9. Touchdown... LEVEL AT 300 FPM 10. Face... CUSHION 11. ELT... ACTIVATE 12. Airplane... EVACUATE 13. Life Vests and Rafts... INFLATE (WHEN CLEAR OF AIRPLANE) Page 12
ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Mixture...IDLE CUT OFF 2. Fuel Selector Switch......OFF 3. Master Switch......OFF 4. Cabin Heat / Air (except overhead vents) OFF 5. Airspeed...115 MPH (Fire not extinguished, increase glide to an airspeed which will provide an incombustible mixture) 6. Forced Landing... EXECUTE (as described in Emergency Landing checklist) ELECTRICAL FIRE INFLIGHT 1. Master Switch...OFF 2. Vents, Cabin Air, Heat... CLOSED 3. Fire Extinguisher...ACTIVATE WARNING After discharging an extinguisher within a closed Cabin, ventilate the cabin 4. Radios/Avionics...OFF 5. All other switches (except ignition switch...off (If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight) 6. Master Switch...ON 7. Circuit Breakers..... CHECK (for faulty circuit, Do Not Reset) 8. Radio/Electrical Switches...ON (one at a time), with delay after each until short circuit is localized) 9. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat... OPEN (when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished) CABIN FIRE 1. Master Switch...OFF 2. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat...CLOSED 3. Fire Extinguisher...ACTIVATE WARNING After discharging an extinguisher within a closed Cabin, ventilate the cabin 4. Land... AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WING FIRE 1. Landing/Taxi Light Switches...OFF 2. Navigation Light Switch...OFF 3. Strobe Light Switch...OFF Page 13
ICING 1. Turn Back or Change Altitude 2. Cabin Heat:...FULL OUT 3. Defroster Vents:... OPEN 4. Wing Flaps:.... LEAVE RETRACTED LANDING WITHOUT ELEVATOR CONTROL 1. Flaps...... 20 2. Trim......70 MPH 3. Pitch...... CONTROL WITH POWER LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE 1. Approach... NORMAL 2. Wing Flaps... FULL 3. Touchdown... GOOD MAIN TIRE FIRST 4. Directional Control... MAINTAIN (WITH BRAKE ON GOOD WHEEL) LANDING WITH A FLAT NOSE TIRE 1. Approach... NORMAL 2. Flaps... AS REQUIRED 3. Touchdown... ON MAINS 4. Mixture... IDLE CUTOFF 5. Elevator. AFT UNTIL AIRCRAFT STOPS AMMETER SHOWS EXCESSIVE RATE (CHARGE or DISCHARGE) 1. Master Switch... OFF 2. Flight... TERMINATE (AS SOON AS PRACTICAL) LOW VOLTAGE (Ammeter Indicates Discharge) 1. Radios/Avionics... OFF 2. Alternator Circuit Breaker... CHECK IN 3. Master Switch... OFF 4. Master Switch... ON 5. Ammeter... CHECK 6. Radios/Avionics... ON IF LOW VOLTAGE CONDITION CONTINUES 7. Nonessential Radios/Electrics... OFF 8. Flight...TERMINATE (AS SOON AS PRACTICAL) Page 14
COMM NAV FAILURE If readouts fail, radio will remain operational on the last frequency selected. If either frequency transfer select transfer button is Pressed and held while power is applied to the unit, The unit wakes up to 120.0 MHz in the COMM use Frequency and 110.0 MHz in the NAV active freq. AUDIO PANEL FAILURE 1. MIC...SELECT EMG Page 15
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