UK Research Activities on Advanced Distribution Automation Dr. Graham Ault
Outline Introduction and Background (ADA vs. ANM) UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in ANM UK Research & Development Activities in ANM Future Directions for ANM in the UK
Introduction and Background Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) vs. Active Network Management (ANM)
Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) Takes existing network automation further Main focus is on system reliability Addresses key utility drivers in the US and UK: Distribution reliability Capital and operating cost control Customer focused operation Connection of distributed and renewable generation Primary and secondary system solutions
Active Network Management (ANM) Focused on the economic integration of distributed and renewable resources into distribution networks Focused on secondary system solutions Seeks to overcome barriers to generation connection: Power flows Voltage control Fault level Real-time control of generation, load, storage and network devices based on real-time measurements, communications and control
UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in Active Network Management (ANM)
Distribution Sector Working Groups (WS3 and WS5) DTI/Ofgem sponsored technical work groups commissioned to investigate ANM solutions Best practice guides and ETRs published to promote ANM solutions Distribution network operators encouraged to consider these options in DG connection planning
UK Technical Architecture Project Established as a UK power sector activity by the IEE Remit to undertake research and development work to address future power system needs addressing the issues: Distributed Energy Resources Asset Renewal Liberalised Market Frameworks Lower Carbon Energy Systems Efficient, Cost Effective Solutions
UK Technical Architecture Project Identify and propose network development strategies facilitating the efficient planning, connection and operation of: Current and future generation technologies Static and responsive demand Energy storage devices Network auxiliary plant and equipment
UK SuperGen Initiative UK Research Councils funded programmes in several areas of power generation, networks and end-use: Networks; Biomass /Biofuels; Marine Power; Hydrogen technology; Photovoltaics; Conventional power plant lifetime extension; Fuel cell technologies; Energy storage; Distributed power systems. Several aspects of microgrids, minigrids and system automation and system management being addressed.
UK SuperGen Initiative Future Network Technologies and Highly Distributed Power Systems consortia tackle network management and automation issues: Microgrid control Adaptive protection DG management Responsive demand Cell based control of multiple resources
DG Incentive, RPZ and IFI Distributed Generation Incentive: 1.5 /kw/yr for for all additional DG connected Registered Power Zones: additional 3 /kw/yr for innovative solutions to DG connection Innovation Funding Incentive: 0.5% of revenue for technological development and demonstration Active Network Management is a key area of distribution company plans for innovation expenditure
DTI Programme UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) fund technological development related to network management and DG ANM has been a key area in recent years Focused funding for ANM within newly launched programme
UK Research & Development Activities in ANM Active Management Concepts Development: Power Flow Management Voltage Control
Background to Orkney Active Power Flow Management Scheme Normally Open Point Two 33 kv submarine cables from the mainland: 30 MVA and 20 MVA. 7 MW min / 31.5 MW max load. 26 MW firm generation. 20 MW non firm (I/T) generation. Further generation needs to be load / generation following. Network Capacity 71.5MW. 25 MW of potential managed generation capacity. G G G G R THURSO GRID ROUSAY BURGAR HILL STROMNESS SCORRADALE LYNESS SVC NORTH HOY G FLOTTA EDAY WESTRAY G G R G ST. MARY S SANDAY R R R STRONSAY SHAPINSAY G
Concept for Orkney Active Management Scheme Q compensation solves voltage issues, no fault level issues Thermal capacity of network optimised with an operating margin Logic control based on measurement of primary system parameters Digital Radio for communications Ensures network security and operational flexibility for the DNO ROUSAY BURGAR HILL SCORRADALE THURSO GRID Zone 1 STROMNESS LYNESS Normally Open Point WESTRAY Orkney Core NORTH HOY Zone 3 EDAY STRONSAY FLOTTA ST. MARY S Zone 2 SHAPINSAY KIRKWALL SANDAY Zone 4
Additional Renewable Capacity Result Energy Output from Scheme (MWh/MW connected) 4500 4000 Capacity Factor MWh/MW connected 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 47 55.5 64 72.5 81 89.5 Operating Margin 98 106.5 115 123.5 132 140.5 149 Generation connected (MW) 1 157.5 166 2 Coincidentally constrained NNFG output OM1 OM2 Trim Min Load 2 3 Trim Max Load 8 10 Trip Min Load 2 3 Trip Max Load 7 10
Voltage Constrained DG on Simple Distribution Network Distribution Network GSP 1 6 bus system 42.36 MW 14.29 MVR 1.045 pu 0.00 Deg 0.35 MW 3.28 MVR 44.71 MVA 1.01 2 1.009 pu -3.96 Deg 13.06 MW 3.00 MVR 0.27 MW 2.54 MW 1.70 MVR 0.04 MW 13.40 MVA 0.983 pu -5.22 Deg 5 1.014 pu -3.15 Deg 3 4 3.3 MW 0.6 MVR 9.18 MW 1.94 MVR 0.08 MW 0.36 MVR 0.14 MVR 3.06 MVA 5.88 MW 1.08 MVR 0.12 MW 0.03 MVR 0.14 MVR 31.50 MW 6.30 MVR 3.6 MW 0.7 MVR 9.28 MVA 0.972 pu -5.98 Deg 6.07 MVA 6 1.031 pu -1.66 Deg 9.1 MW 1.8 MVR DG EG 6.0 MW -2.0 MVR Note: worst case is defined maximum generation and maximum load, producing the greatest divergence in voltages on the two feeders. Courtesy of Univ. Manchester partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTI Centre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
Annual Voltage Profile Voltage (p.u.) 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0 730 1460 2190 2920 3650 4380 5110 5840 6570 7300 8030 8760 Time (hour) Courtesy of Univ. Manchester partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTI Centre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
Voltage Limits Applied Voltage (p.u.) 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0 730 1460 2190 2920 3650 4380 5110 5840 6570 7300 8030 8760 Time (hour) Courtesy of Univ. Manchester partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTI Centre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy
40000 40000 Energy (MWh) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Generation curtailed Net generation 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Active dispatch only Energy (MWh) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Generation curtailed Net generation 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Reactive power mgmt. Embedded wind generation penetration (MW) Embedded wind generation penetration (MW) 40000 40000 Energy (MWh) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Generation curtailed Net generation 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Area based OLTC control Energy (MWh) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Generation curtailed Net generation 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 OLTC + Voltage regulator Embedded wind generation penetration (MW) Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)
Future Directions for ANM in the UK
Future Directions NOW Automation of primary substations and some MV feeders 2010 Roll out of feeder automation and active generation management 2020 Integrated approaches to MV network automation and generation management 2030 Further integration of network and generation management with load and storage management in area-based active management schemes.
Key Technologies for Active Networks Responsive generation Responsive demand Power electronics Distribution automation Communications Energy storage
Conclusions
Conclusions Strong parallels between distribution automation and active network management exist Substantial programmes of research, development and demonstration for active network management are underway Active network management offers the prospect for more economic integration of renewables into power systems Integrated network automation and generation management possible in future