Laurent SERRE, ONERA 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference Sept Tours, France

Overview of Hypersonics in Europe Laurent SERRE, ONERA 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference Sept.24-28 2012 Tours, France 1

Hypersonics in Europe: general roadmap EXPERT 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Space access IXV SKYLON SPACE PLANE Atmospheric transport FAST 20XX LAPCAT 1 & 2 ATLLAS 1 & 2 ZEHST HIKARI Methodology for DMR LEA HEXAFLY SHEFEX 1, 2 & 3 Technologies 2 CHATT HYPROB Other R&T Combustion modelling, MHD

Hypersonics for space access IXV Intermediate experimental Vehicle ESA Program, Thales Alenia Space prime contractor Validate technologies required for large down & cross range and precision landing on a real LEO rentry trajectory Recoverable system to allow post-flight technology inspection and analysis Pre-flight reviews mid 2014 for ground segment and flight vehicle Flight in automn 2014 3 See AIAA papers by TAS, DEIMOS, UniRoma

Hypersonics for space access SKYLON (Reaction Engines Limited) Fully reusable single stage to orbit launch vehicle Delivers 15 tonnes to a 300 km equatorial orbit Payload bay is 4.8m diameter by 13m length Objective: operational around 2020 Key innovation for SKYLON viability: SABRE (Synergistic AirBreathing Rocket Engine) Combined cycle engine: airbreathing mode up to Mach 5 rocket mode to orbit Key technology lightweight pre-cooler heat exchangers demonstrated in 2012 The next development phase (3) last 3 years and includes ground and flight system demonstrations see AIAA paper Roger Longstaff 4

Hypersonics for space access (Tourism & transport) Astrium Spaceplane : a technology enabler for High Speed Transport Blending Aviation & Space Several space missions : from scientific to space access for general public Two kind of propulsion : aero engines (turbofans) and rocket engine Certification of vehicle design & operations A technology enabler for civil High Speed Transport «Stretched» flight envelope vs. legacy aviation : altitude & speed e.g. Management of several propulsion classes Certification of space-like products Pre-development on going in Europe & abroad Operations by 2020 5

Hypersonics for space access (Tourism & transport) FAST20XX Advanced concepts for suborbital transport EU FP7 Program, coordinated by ESA with 16 partners, 36 months until end 2012 Low energy concept (horizon 10/15 years) X-Prize type mission, small range few passengers, air-launched several launching strategies adressed High energy concept: SpaceLiner (horizon 2040+ ) very long range ultra fast transport 50 (to 100) pax from e.g. Australia Europe in 90 min fully re-usable, two stages, rocket propulsion Vertical TO, Horizontal landing C0 2 and NO X free SpaceLiner 7-1 SpaceLiner 7-1 configuration integrating pre-sized subsystems will be defined by end 2012 + additional DLR and cooperation partners work outside of FAST 20XX (i.e windtunnel aerodynamic tests in preparation) 6 see 4 AIAA papers in HYTASP 4 15 30 & 46 on the SpaceLiner

High speed airbreathing propulsion for passenger transportation LAPCAT FP7 EU program, ending 2013 Long range transportation system (15000 18000 km) Large vehicles (300 passengers) System studies for Mach 5 & Mach 8 systems Design of small scale flight configuration for free-jet tests Preparation of demonstration program Mach 5 SCIMITAR engine Low nox combustor Mach 8 Nose-to-tail for large vehicles 7 Vehicle concepts Mach 8 free-jet tests in HEG and F4 in 2013 see 2 AIAA papers J. Steelant, P. Viguier

High speed airbreathing propulsion for passenger transportation ATLLAS 2 FP7 EU program coordinated by ESA, 2011-2015 Development of technologies for high speed systems: System studies on vehicles to fix requirements Use of cryogenic methane for Mach 5/6 application Technology demonstration on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics, light structures, transpiration cooling, sharp leading edges C/C-SiC sharp edge ATLLAS II: 13 partners 2 industrial partners, 4 SME, 4 research institutions, 3 universities 8

High speed airbreathing propulsion for passenger transportation ZEHST (Zero Emission High Speed Technologies) 28-months feasibility and systems study for a high-speed civil aircraft (since feb. 2011) Based on an EADS study (2009) in the perspective of French-Japan Frame Agreement on Supersonic Technologies Sponsored by the French agency Direction Générale de l'aviation Civile (DGAC) Presented at Paris Airshow in June 2011 Main characteristics of the concept under study Range 11000km (e.g. Tokyo LA) in less than 3h 60 passengers Operated as a standard aircraft Environment-friendly Main output from this study Refinement of requirements Definition of the vehicle Technology maturation plan Steps towards a flying unmanned demonstrator by 2020 Opening to international cooperation 9 see AIAA paper S. Defoort

Passenger transportation HIKARI - High speed Key technologies for future Air transport - Research and Innovation cooperation scheme Project co-funded by the European Commission (FP7 Call 5) and by METI in Japan to promote an effective cooperation between Europe and Japan in the field of conceptual design of a high speed aircraft Approach To contribute to some of the technological bricks that need to be explored To contribute to create synergies between the existing European and Japanese programs to build a common roadmap towards experimentations by 2020 Main studies Market analysis, Propulsion (single or multiple engines, rocket engines and tanks), Fuel (operations and impact on environment), innovative on-board thermal and energy management. Workshops will be held to define conceptual guidelines and common experimentation plan. 10 Partners Planning 12 in EU: EADS Innovation Works (leader), ESTEC, MBDA, Astrium, ONERA, DLR, CIRA, Airbus, Oxford Economics, NLR, CNRS, EASN 4 in Japan: JADC, IHI, JAXA, Univ. of Tokyo Signature of the Grant Agreement before the end of 2012 24-month duration

Fuel injection: kerosene, H 2 Mobile flameholder Variable geometry combustion chamber Geometric throat Mobile cowl Hypersonics: methodology for airbreathing propulsion ndustrial partn ns LEA flight test program Methodology for aeropropulsive balance of dual-mode ramjet Validation using a simplified experimental vehicle and performing flight tests in the range Mach 4 to 8 Flight tests schedueled in 2014 & 2015 LEA flight test sequence LEA vehicle MBDA/ONERA Combustion tests MAI & CIAM 4.2 m Booster dérived from RADUGA missile booster separation Autonomous flight 20/30 s at Mach 4 / 8 11 Aerodynamic tests TsAGI supersonic separation from TUPOLEV Tu 22 M3 Aceleration with liquid fuel rocket booster Flight test and range operations Russian armed forces ROSOBORONEXPORT head of russian contribution LEA contributors Telemetry with second subsonic aircraft LII LEA crash Preparation of full scale free jet tests at Mach 6 in S4 blowdown windtunnel

Hypersonics: methodology for airbreathing propulsion HEXAFLY (Kick-off in october 2012) EU program, 18 months, ESA coordination Feasibility Study for Flight experiments based upon ATLLAS and LAPCAT technologies Ground-based and air-launched concepts are evaluated: Mission requirements, trajectories, Overall design layout, technical realization 6 major disciplines to be addressed: High-Speed Vehicle Concepts High-Speed Aerodynamics High-Speed Propulsion High-Temperature Materials and Structures High-Speed Flight Control High-Speed Environmental Impact 12 HEXAFLY: 6 partners 1 industrial partner, 1 SME, 4 research institutions

Technologies for hypersonic systems DLR SHEFEX Flight Program Coordinated by DLR First flight performed in 2005 Second flight performed in june 2012 SHEFEX III flight expected in 2016 13 see AIAA DLR paper HYTASP 40

Technologies for hypersonic systems CHATT (Cryogenic Hypersonic Advanced Tank Technologies) EU FP7-funded project addressing cryogenic propellant storage inside an airliner and related subsystems like heat-exchanger and insulation. Coordinated by DLR-SART and runs from 2012-2015 (42 months) Technology requirements are system driven and will be evaluated by LAPCAT and FAST20XX reference concepts. Within CHATT 4 different subscale cryogenic CFRP tanks will be build and tested with cryogenic fluids. 14 see AIAA paper HYTASP 46

Technologies for hypersonic systems Other R&T Graduiertenkolleg Training Group «Aerothermic design of Scramjet propulsion system» 19 projects 2D / 3D-inlet with double ramp Isolator SERN-Nozzle Combustion chamber with strut injector DLR participation in UQ SCRAMSPACE I: engine tests performed in HEG 2.5 2.0 Unfueled combustor Fueled combustor without combustion Fueled combustor with combustion 1.5 c P 1.0 15 0.5 0.0-300 -200-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Numerical Simulation x[mm] Experiment in HEG CFD UQ

Technologies for hypersonic systems Other R&T ONERA / JAXA /DLR : cross-check between HEG (DLR) / HIEST (JAXA) / F4 (ONERA) Issues: run duration <-> air quality HYSHOT IV already tested and computed by DLR & JAXA ONERA preparing the tests (after LAPCAT 2 tests on HYSHOT II) ONERA Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction model development on Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) Application to lifted supersonic flame jets Fundamental study on auto-ignition, compressibility effects, LES / RANS frameworks Application to combustors Ongoing collaboration with JAXA on unsteady reacting flows Collaboration with UQ (RESTM12) 16

Technologies for hypersonic systems Other R&T CIRA MHD experiment in SCIROCCO (with ALTA, Univ. Bologna, HPCC) P5/P1 0,85 0,848 0,846 0,844 0,842 0,84 0,838 0,836 0,834 0,832 0,83 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time (s) CIRA HYPROB Program on liquid propellant Lox/LCH4 and hybrid propulsion (LOx or LN 2 O / WAX) 17

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