SB LiMotive Automotive Battery Technology Kiho Kim
Contents Introduction Li Ion Cell Technology Page 2
Introduction to SBLiMotive Page 3
SBL Product Portfolio Cell & Module Cooling System BMS Hardware BMS Software Pack Page 4
Technology Leadership R&D Capability, MFG Quality & Cost World Class Competitiveness in R&D, MFG Quality & Cost World Class R&D No.1 MFG Quality Cost Competitiveness 1 st Class Patent Position 10 yrs MFG Experience Strong Sourcing Power High Quality R&D Man-Power In-house Designed Facility Investment in Mines 20 yrs R&D Experience Real-time Monitoring Sourcing Diversities - 7 / 13 -
Technology Leadership Safety of Li-ion Battery Perfect safety can be achieved through collaboration between automobile and cell manufacturers Cell Design Technology Cell Manufacturing Technology Vehicle Technology Material Safety Component Metal Impurity Control Real-time monitoring & 100% traceability Mechanical Support Safety Features in Control System Page 6
Li Ion Cell Technology Page 7
Cell Product Portfolio Item Unit 5Ah 20Ah 24Ah 40Ah 60Ah Nominal Capacity Ah 5.2 20.5 24.5 42 63 Discharge Power Capability W 890 1610 1700 3400 4300 Power to Energy ratio W/Wh 46 20 19 23 18 Size mm (L*W*H) 120x12x80 173x21x85 148x26.5x91 173x32x125 173x45x125 Page 8
Cell Chemistry Item Material Cathode active material NCM Anode active material Electrolytes Separator Graphite EC based composite electrolyte with LiPF 6 and functional additives Porous poly-olefin film Binder Poly-vinylidene di-fluoride for cathode Styrene butadiene rubber & CMC for anode Page 9
5Ah HEV Cell Performance Summary Description Peak power (10sec discharge @ SOC50% by HPPC method) Specific power (10sec discharge @ SOC50%) Peak discharge power (@ 10sec, SOC 35% by HPPC method) Peak charge power(@ 10sec, SOC 65% by HPPC method) Continuous power (discharge @SOC50% by HPPC method) Performance 1 min. 890 W 4100 W/kg, 7700 W/L 1 min. 700 W 1 min. 550 W 1 min. 430W at 30sec 1 min. 245W at 120sec Capacity (1C-rate @25 o C) min. 5.2 Ah Voltage (Upper limit / Nominal / Lower limit) 4.2 / 3.7 / 2.8 Specific energy (1C-rate @25 o C) Cold crank (3cycle, SOC50%, 5 sec., @-30 o C, CV : 2.1V, by VDA manual ) Power retention rate at the end of cycle life - VDA cycle (Screening pattern) : Stress acceleration (ΔSOC 50%) Power retention rate at the end of calendar life (@SOC60%, 45 C) 90 Wh/Kg 170 W 262kAh discharge capacity throughput @ 25 C, 80% power retention 12 years @ 80% power retention Page 10
20 Ah PHEV Cell Performance Summary Minimum Capacity (1C-rate @25 C) Description Specific energy and energy density ( 1C-rate @ 25 C ) Performance 20.5Ah 116 Wh/kg, 250 Wh/L Voltage (Upper limit / Nominal / Lower limit) 4.1 / 3.7 / 2.7 Peak power Discharge 10sec discharge power @ SOC50% 1600W Charge 10sec charge power @ SOC50% 1000W Specific power and power density (discharge @ SOC50%) Cycles @ 80% of power and capacity retention ( @ 1 Charge, 1C Discharge, SOC0%-SOC100%, 25 C ) Capacity retention rate at the end of calendar life ( @ SOC100%, 25 C) 2400 W/kg, 5200 W/L Test under progressing 4,000 cycles estimated@ 80% of BOL Test is progressing 80% of BOL @ >15 yr Operating temperature range -30 C ~ 60 C Page 11
24 Ah PHEV Cell Performance Summary Description Performance Minimum Capacity (1 C-rate @25 C) 24.0 Ah Nominal Capacity (1 C-rate @25 C) 24.5 Ah Specific and volumetric energy density ( 1 C-rate @ 25 C ) 126 Wh/Kg, 257 Wh/L Voltage (Upper limit / Nominal / Lower limit) 4.2 / 3.75 / 2.8 Power capability Discharge 10sec discharge power @ SOC 50%, 25 C 1700 W Charge 10sec charge power @ SOC 50%, 25 C 1000 W Specific power density (discharge @ SOC 50%, 25 C) 2300 W/kg Cycle life @ 80% of power and capacity retention ( @ 1C Charge, 1C Discharge, SOC 0%-SOC 100%, 25 C ) Test under progressing 4,000 cycles estimated@ 80% of BOL Calendar life (@ SOC 100%, 25 C) Test in progress >80% of BOL @ 15 yrs Operating temperature range -30 C ~ 60 C Page 12
40 Ah PHEV/EV Cell Performance Summary Description Performance Minimum Capacity (1/3C-rate @25 C) 40Ah Nominal Capacity (1/3C-rate @25 C) 42Ah Specific and volumetric energy density ( 1 C-rate @ 25 C ) 113 Wh/Kg, 227 Wh/L Voltage (Upper limit / Nominal / Lower limit) 4.1 / 3.75 / 2.8 10sec discharge @ SOC50% 3200W Discharge Power capability 10sec discharge @ SOC 20% 2100W Charge 10sec charge @ SOC 80% 320W Specific power (discharge @SOC50%) 2250W/Kg Cycle life @ 80% of power and capacity retention (@ 0.7 Charge, 1C Discharge, SOC0%-SOC100%, 25 C) Calendar life (@ SOC100%, 25 C) Test under progressing 4,000 cycles estimated@ 80% of BOL >80% of BOL @ 15yrs Operating temperature range -30 C ~ 60 C Page 13
60 Ah EV Cell Performance Summary Minimum Capacity (1/3C-rate @25 C) Nominal Capacity (1/3C-rate @25 C) Description Performance 60Ah 62Ah Specific and volumetric energy density (1C-rate @ 25 C) 123 Wh/Kg, 243 Wh/L Voltage (Upper limit / Nominal / Lower limit) 4.1 / 3.75 / 2.8 Power capability Discharge Specific power (discharge @SOC50%) Cycle life @ 80% of power and capacity retention (@ 0.7 Charge, 1C Discharge, SOC0%-SOC100%, 25 C) Calendar life (@ SOC100%, 25 C) 10sec discharge @SOC50% 10sec discharge @ SOC 20% 4200W 3000W Charge 10sec charge @, SOC 80% 450W 2100W/Kg Test under progressing 4,000 cycles estimated@ 80% of BOL Test in progress >80% of BOL @ 15yrs Operating temperature range -30 C ~ 60 C Page 14
5Ah HEV Cell Technology Page 15
HEV Cell Mechanical Design Dimension (W X H X T) Volume Weight Can polarity 120 mm X 80 mm X 12 mm without terminals 115 ml, without terminals 220 g, with terminals Positive Terminal materials Cell to cell connection Aluminum for positive Copper for negative Screw type or Welding type Page 16
HEV Cell HPPC Peak Power Capability vs. Temperature Power (W) State of charge 30% 50% 70% 45 C Dis. 1073 1321 1433 45 C Regen. 1354 1267 815 25 C Dis. 787 3580 W/kg 956 4350 W/kg 1113 5060 W/kg 25 C Regen. 986 890 598 0 C Dis. 388 474 561 0 C Regen. 492 417 259-30 C Dis. 67 300 W/kg 75 340 W/kg 84 380 W/kg * Limit conditions -30 C Regen. 61 44 28 Charge Voltage All temp. = 4.2V Current @ 0 C and above = 100A @ -10 C = 35A, @ -30 C = 7.5A Discharge Voltage Current @ -20 C and above = 2.8V @ -30 C = 2.1V @ -10 C and above = 100A @ -30 C = 10A Page 17
HEV Cell HPPC 10 sec. Resistance vs. Temperature 10s Discharge DC-IR (mω) State of charge 30% 50% 70% 10s Charge DC-IR (mω) State of charge 30% 50% 70% 45 C 2.0 1.9 2.0 45 C 2.0 1.8 2.0 25 C 2.9 2.6 2.6 10 C 4.5 4.0 3.9 0 C 6.0 5.4 5.3 25 C 2.8 2.5 2.5 10 C 4.1 3.7 3.7 0 C 5.2 5.1 6.1-10 C 9.4 7.9 7.3-10 C 10.2 9.7 9.2-30 C 49.0 45.5 43.4-30 C 54.2 51.7 50.8 Page 18
HEV Cell Energy Efficiency Test conditions for energy efficiency 10 sec constant current discharge and charge at SOC50%, 25 Current (A) Energy Efficiency (%) 20 98.1 40 96.3 80 92.7 Page 19
Watt, W Watt[W] Voltage, V Current, A HEV Cell Cold Cranking Power Cold-cranking power at -30 and SOC 50% : 170 W/cell if 72 cell/pack, 12kW Test conditions - Temperature = -30, SOC = 50% - Pattern ; 2.1V CC-CV discharge for 5sec, 3cycles in VDA manual 500 500 450 450 400 400 350 350 11st st 2nd nd 3rd 300 300 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 0.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 Time[sec.] Time, sec 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 00 3.7 V 3.591V 3.546V 3.520V 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Time, sec 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Page 20
Cell Voltage, V HEV Cell Cycle Life, VDA cycle pattern VDA pattern (I_rms analysis = 33.3A, SOC swing = 3 bands ; 30-50%, 45-65% & 60-80%) Charge Discharge 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 Expected voltage profiles under VDA cycling at each starting SOC% 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 VDA unit cycle time, sec SOC80% start SOC65% start SOC50% start 264 264 264 Duration time Sec 5 10 32 20 5 10 37 20 5 10 37 20 5 7 49 28 Cumuative time Sec 5 15 47 67 72 82 119 139 144 154 191 211 216 223 272 300 Current C rate -20-10 -5 0-15 -10-5 0 15 10 5 0 12.5 7.5 5 0 Page 21
HEV Cell Cycle Life, VDA cycle pattern Temp. Progress (Discharge kah) Estimated Discharge throughput to 80%of BOL HPPC Power Capacity 25 o C 131.57 kah 262.31 kah (676 k-miles) 202.80 kah 35 o C 86.49 kah 103.05 kah 150.95 kah 55 o C 39.43 kah 53.36 kah (136 k-miles) 39.75 kah *60 kah discharge capacity = 155.3 k-mile mileage 10sec Discharge HPPC Power 1C Capacity retention Page 22
HEV Cell Cycle Life, US06 US06 pattern analysis US06 Pattern Profile Test Cycle pattern (Cell) Cell temperature US06 34.4 kw o C 35 condition Battery Size Factor (BSF) # 72 Pattern analysis Max. peak power Max. peak current Charge 478 W Discharge -418 Charge 125 A Discharge -118 Open time in cycle sec 0(0%) Total I rms A 42.8 Discharge I rms A 30.5 Operating SOC range Charge I rms A 60.8 Starting SOC 50% Max. SOC 57% % Min. SOC 42% ΔSOC 7% Cycle running time per cycle sec 600 Capacity throughput per cycle Ah 2.132(Dch) Page 23
HEV Cell Cycle Life, US06 Power and Capacity show 90% and 86% retention until 39.8kAh discharge capacity throughput. 10sec Discharge HPPC Power 1C Capacity retention Page 24
HEV Cell Calendar Life Storage Condition SOC30% SOC40% 25 C 35 C 45 C 60 C SOC60% SOC80% 400 days being stored SOC90% SOC100% Page 25
HEV Cell Calendar Life, Stress Mapping Acceleration Factor The green color in the table is satisfied over 10 years of calendar lifetime until EOL (= 80% of BOL Power capability). Temp. ( o C) Life Estimation (Years, 80% of BOL) SOC 30% SOC 40% SOC 60% SOC 80% SOC 90% 25 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 > 50 35 18.21 17.05 14.74 12.54 11.58 45 9.55 8.36 5.98 3.25 2.89 Page 26
HEV Cell Calendar Life, SOC 60%, 35 o C & 60 o C Power retention & DC-IR Capacity retention Page 27
HEV Cell Shelf Life, Capacity retention, 12 months Capacity Retention @ SOC 35% Capacity Retention @ SOC 50% Page 28
HEV Cell Shelf Life, Capacity recovery, 12 months Capacity Recovery @ SOC 35% Capacity Recovery @ SOC 50% Page 29
HEV Cell Shelf Life, HPPC power - 10sec discharge, 12 months Power retention @ SOC 35% Power retention @ SOC 50% Page 30
HEV Cell Abuse Test Result, Single cell Items Test Condition Hazard Level* Mass Loss(%) Remarks Crush SOC100%, 3-axis Crush to 85% of cell height L2 0% No venting External Short SOC100%, 2mΩ external resistor L2 0% No venting Thermal Stability SOC100%, 5 /min, 100 ~250 L4 50% No venting Nail Penetration SOC100%, 3mm diameter, 80mm/sec L4 50% Venting Hot Plate Propagation SOC100%, 0.6 /min, 1hr holding @ 300 L4 50% No venting Overcharge SOC100%, 32A, 12V limit & 2hr L3 < 50% Venting Overdischarge SOC100%, 1C/2C/6C-rate, 1.5 hr L2 0% No venting Overdischarge - Recharge SOC100%, 1C Discharge to 0.5V L0 0% No effect * The hazard level was based on EUCAR level of Freedom-CAR SAND2005-3123. Page 31
HEV Cell Abuse Test Result, Module (12cells & 6cells) Test Items Quantity Test Conditions Hazard Level* Mass Loss [%] Remark Crush (12 Cells) Y axis 1 L3 < 50% No venting 1 st Step) crush to 85% of cell height 2 nd step) crush by force of mass*1000 Z axis 1 L3 < 50% No venting Overcharge (12 Cells) 1C-rate 1 1C-rate, Vmax & SOC200% end L3 < 50% No venting 32A 1 32A, Vmax & SOC200% end L3 < 50% No venting Nail penetration (6 Cells) 1 20mm diameter, 80mm/sec more 3 cells were penetrated L4 50% Venting External short (6 Cells) 1 1mΩ resistor & 20min holding L2 0% No venting * The hazard level was based on EUCAR level of Freedom-CAR SAND2005-3123. Page 32
HEV Cell Environmental Test Result, Single cell Items Quantity Test condition 1C-Discharge Capacity Results ( vs. BOL, % ) Discharge Power at SOC 50% Charge Power at SOC 50% Thermal Shock 3 Temp. swing range : 80-40 Dwell time : 60 min Cycle number : 5 Test SOC : 50% 99.9% 99.3% 98.4% Storage Temperature Range 3 Temp. swing range : 85-40 Dwell time : 72 hrs Test SOC : 50% 95.2% 93.4% 92.8% Vibration 3 1 st step) 2,000 sinusoidal cycles, 5G in 10~30Hz 2 nd step) sine sweep in 10 190Hz, 1Hz /s for 6 hrs Test SOC : 50% 99.9% 100.0% 99.7% Mechanical Shock 3 Shock number : Total 18# (3 shocks per direction per axis) Acceleration : 100g Duration time : 11m/sec. Test SOC : 50% 99.9% 97.8% 96.3% Page 33
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