Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Schmuelling

DECARBONIZING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION BY MEANS OF A SMART TROLLEYBUS SYSTEM Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Schmuelling Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 1 Rio de Janeiro, 3 October 2017

University of Wuppertal Students International Students Staff Professors Schools approx. 22,000 approx. 11% approx. 3,400 260 9 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 2

E-Mobility Research Group School of Electrical, Information and Media Engineering Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology Energy Storage and Charging Systems Efficiency Topics Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 3

Current Research Topics an overview Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) Online mass estimation of vehicles and range prediction Development of efficient drive trains for EV Integration and assessment of novel training programs for working on EV Electric tractor propelled by renewable energy for small-scale family farming cooperation with the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza Energy savings performance contract for households with low income and other topics Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 4

Outline Electrification Strategies of Transportation Companies The Public Transport System in Solingen Objectives of the Project BOB Solingen Outlook Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 5

Overnight Charging + No charge stops - Bad scalability - High local power demand - Weight of battery - Recharging is slow - May cause problems with range Picture: http://www.europegogreen.eu, retrieved on 27 September 2017 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 7

Opportunity Charging + Charge whenever possible + Weight of battery - Reliability of charge spots - Costs & installation efforts - Recharging is compulsory Picture: http://www.busandcoachbuyer.com, retrieved on 27 September 2017 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 8

Opportunity Charging with Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Picture: https://www.verkehr-bs.de, retrieved on 27 September 2017 Picture: http://www.mpm.tu-berlin.de/menue/forschung/projekte/e_bus_berlin, retrieved on 27 September 2017 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 9

Hydrogen Fuel Cell + Quick & easy refueling + No charge stops - Fuel cell: costly & expendable - Production, transport Picture: http://www.nasa.gov, retrieved on 27 September 2017 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 10

Public Transportation in Solingen Picture: Simon P. Smiler Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 12

Public Transportation in Solingen Population of Solingen: 161,906 Passengers per year 24 million Passengers per day 66,000 Number of vehicles(buses) 96 Number of bus lines 24 Number of trolleybus lines 6 Entire length of the route network Entire length of the trolley wire (700V dc grid) 200 km 102 km Trolley bus operation since 1952 CO2 prevention per year due to the trolley bus operation 4,934 t status: 31 December 2016 Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 13

Map of the Trolley Wire Network in Solingen Picture: Maximilian Dörrbecker Data background: openstreetmap.org Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 14

Practical Problems in Solingen Noise Pollution in Range-Extender Operation Some stops are provided by trolleybuses in rangeextender operation Diesel aggregate runs always under maximum load Very loud Neighboring complaints due to noise in some suburbs Additional: polluting emissions Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 15

Practical Problems in Solingen Extension or Relocation of Bus Lines Flexibility of trolleybuses: Relocation of bus lines results in high infrastructural costs Road construction bypasses has to be operated by diesel range-extender or diesel buses Extension of electrically operated routes is reasonable but expensive diesel engine Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 16

Practical Problems in Solingen Acquisition of New Buses Impends Acquisition of up to 15 new buses impends for 2022 The question for the transportation company was: Which kind of bus do we have to acquire to gain the best solution for both transport and sustainability? This means the best economic solution and the best ecologic solution as well. Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 17

Overview BOB Solingen Full project title: BOB Solingen - Emission free public transportation by means of battery augmented trolley buses in a smart trolleybus system What means BOB? Batterie-OberleitungsBus = Battery Augmented Trolleybus Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 19

Battery Augmented Trolleybus Video: Kiepe Electric GmbH Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 20

Overview BOB Solingen Project duration: five years, started in February 2017 Project partners are: town government local grid operator public transport company and energy provider IT service company battery systems company project coordination/ economic analysis research and development Funded by federal government: Amount of funding: approx. 15 Million Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 21

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 22

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 23

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 24

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 25

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 26

Objectives of BOB Solingen Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 27

Objectives of BOB Solingen Substitution of diesel buses by BOB Expansion of the trolley wire network to a smart grid, i.e. a smart trolleybus system Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 28

Smart Trolleybus System Bidirectional coupling of trolley wire network and supply grid modification of at least three transformer/rectifier substations Implementation and operation of stationary battery storage systems investigation of second life usage of former BOB batteries Construction und coupling of solar energy plants with the trolley wire network starting at the bus depot, from 2018 connection of foreign solar energy plants as well Installation of charging infrastructure for vehicles for private transport connection of 15 charging points to the trolley wire network Implementation of a cross-sectoral grid observation and control linkage of medium voltage and low voltage power grid as well as trolley wire dc-network Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 29

Conclusion Intelligent usage of mobility capacities to reduce grid expansion measures as well as to enable the further inclusion and storability of renewable energies Bidirectional coupling of dc and ac grid to ensure system stability and to obtain new business opportunities Smart Grid Smart Mobility to optimize/minimize the cost of the transition process Sectoral coupling to achieve a successful result of both, the energy transition process and the mobility transition process Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 30

Transition of Energy and Mobility Sector Energiewende (energy transition) sector coupling mobility transition security of supply security of supply new grid requirements new grid requirements Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 31

Outline Electrification Strategies of Transportation Companies The Public Transport System in Solingen Aims of the Project BOB Solingen Outlook Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 32

Outlook What happens next? The first of initially four BOB will be delivered in the beginning of 2018 to the transport company Stadtwerke Solingen. Afterwards, the first diesel bus line will be operated by BOB in 2019. What happens when the project is finished? What do we want to prove with BOB Solingen? Implementation of a green public transport system is possible! The aim: A whole decarbonization of public transportation in Solingen Finally: BOB Solingen shall be a blueprint for other communities how a green public transport system can be achieved. Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 33

The First BOB Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 34

Thank you very much for your attention. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedikt Schmuelling Tel.: +49(0)202 /439-1510 Fax: +49(0)202 /439-1512 Email: schmuelling@uni-wuppertal.de www.emobil.uni-wuppertal.de Decarbonizing Public Transportation by means of a Smart Trolleybus System 35