Medium Speed Engines at the Dawn of Hybrids Leif-Arne Skarbø CTO Bergen Engines AS, a Rolls-Royce Power Systems Company Graz, April 11th, 2018 8th AVL LARGE ENGINES TECHDAYS Electrification, New Fuels and Power Sources: Boom or Doom for Large Engines?
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VDMA setting a course (for large engines) The energy transformation is a reality but it will only succeed if it is economically viable, too. Based on the resolutions made at the Paris climate summit, the world agreed in principle on the goal of CO2-neutrality from 2050 onwards. In view of this, the transport sector is being pulled more sharply into focus and with it the shipping industry. As a manufacturer of drive technology being affected by this, the large engines industry, together with the policymakers, intends to set out on the path towards climate neutrality and to engage in dialogue about the right solutions with all stakeholders. EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION AND HYBRIDISATION GRADUAL REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL FUELS WITH SYNTHETIC GAS USE OF LNG GAS ENGINES
In the meantime in London What? Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), 72nd session When? 9-13 April 2018 Where? IMO Headquarters in London What? a.o. reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships generally available today, but still not fully applied to all segments and ships. Barriers are typically related to price and awareness. fully developed, but not yet scaled up and implemented in larger numbers. Barriers are typically related to price, complexity, regulations and awareness. still in research or early prototyping phase. Barriers are typically related to safety, reliability and integration. ISWG-GHG 2-2-4 (Norway)
Hybrid of unknown origin but probably from Greek and somehow related to hubris. A rare word before the general sense "anything a product of two heterogeneous things."
Hybrid systems in PowerGen - stationary and mobile Combining different energy sources/fuels for power gen including options for energy storage Power Quality Power Availability and Flexibility Energy Efficiency Reduction of GHG emissions and cost of operation Local air quality improvement
Battery/Hybrid propulsion rationale 9 Frequent transient operation Frequent load variations High requirement to power flexibility and response Mainly low load operation Prime movers with Operational limitations Operation in environmentally sensitive areas
Some thoughts on batteries Battery size depending on Type Cycles (operating profile) Power Lifetime Battery technology price development More power? More storage capacity? Increased safety? Increased lifetime?
Some words on classification (DNV GL) Battery(Safety) A notation that cover requirements for the safety of the battery installation covering vessel arrangement, environmental control including temperature and ventilation. To prevent thermal incidents in battery spaces, then the rules gives requirement to fire integrity, detection and extinguish measures. Requires BMS Battery (power) The notation you need when the battery is used as a main source of power (propulsion power). The rules put requirements for redundancy and location. In addition the time or range that the battery can supply energy shall be calculated taken into account the planned operation/voyage. Requires BMS + EMS BMS = Battery Management System EMS = Energy Management System
The World s largest diesel-battery hybrid ROPAX, Norway 2019
The M&B Vessel «Color Hybrid» Type Diesel-electric Plug-in hybrid (PTI / PTO) Speed 17 kn Length / Beam / Draught 160 m / 27,1 m / 6 m Gross tonnage 30000 Passengers / cars 2000 / 500 Machinery 2 x B:33:45L6 2 x B33:45L8 4,7 MWh battery (weighing ~65t) WHR with heat reservoir in hull for use for heating while sailing on batteries Class notation DNV-GL* 1A, FERRY A, CLEAN, NAUT(OC), TMON, COMF(C(2)V(2)), ICE(1B), MCDK, LCS(DC), BIS, F(MC), BATTERY(POWER), VIBR, RECYCLABLE, BWM(T)
Machinery locations PTO/PTI allowing for hybrid propulsion using both direct-drive and electric propulsion 2 x 2 battery rooms arranged in the machinery area of the vessel
Color hybrid power plant 15 Father-Son propulsion layout Energy sources Diesel Batteries Shore power Heat reservoir (hull tanks)
Use of batteries in vessel operation Total crossing of 38 nm Electric operation in Sandefjord port area (3,2 nm) demanding waters Ability to operate on battery power at a speed of no less than 12 knots for a min. 25 minutes incl. hotel load of 750 kw 16
The Hurtigruten Polar Express
The Polar Express Type Diesel-electric Plug-in hybrid (PTI / PTO) Speed 15 kn Length / Breadth / Draught 140 m / 23,6 m / 5,3 m Gross tonnage ~21000 Passengers / cars 530 (+crew) / 0 Machinery 4 x B:33:45L6 2,5 MWh / 1,75 MW battery Class notation DNV +1A1, PC-6 (Ice class), Passenger Ship, ECO, F_AMC, LCS-DC, BIS, Clean, RECYCLABLE, COMF-C(1)V(1) for passenger area, COMF-C(3)V(3) for Crew Area
Like father like son (MS Polarlys 1996) The Polarlys propulsion system of two BRM-9 (father) and two KRG-9 (son) geared to two propeller shafts for operation in several modes. Different combinations of the engines are used for the different speed ranges: quiet & efficient cruise @ 2-5 knots cruising in some ports @ 5-13 knots normal cruise @ 13-16,5 knots high speed @ 17,5 knots Incl. all19hotel loads
Power system integration & overview
One-size fits none Operational benefits: Zero emissions Operational benefits: Spinning reserve Peak shaving Enhanced dynamic performance
MM125FD LNG ferries (Torghatten) Type Gas-electric variable speed Gensets Plug-in hybrid (PTI / PTO) Speed 18 kn Length / Breadth / Draught 134 m / 20,7 m / 4,75 m Gross tonnage 6830 Passengers / cars 550 / 180 Machinery 3 x C26:33L9AG 500 kwh battery Class notation DnV 1A1, CAR FERRY B, Gas Fuelled, Battery (Power), E0, R3 (NOR)
Methane slip optimized due to batteries Variabel speed generator reduced speed Energy storage (battery use) shift of load limit temporary load increase Breakdown of a fjord crossing Acceleration - Transient Transit - High load Deceleration - Transient Maneouvering - Transient Thrusting to quay - Low load
The cabinet minister that just doesn t quit 1914 built by Johann C. Tecklenborg AG in Bremerhaven- Geestemünde 1981 Bergen KRM-6 installed 2019 Conversion to battery hybrid
Electrification, New Fuels and Power Sources: Boom or Doom for Large Engines? In my opinion, all previous advances in the various lines of invention will appear totally insignificant when compared with those which the present century will witness. I almost wish that I might live my life over again to see the wonders which are at the threshold.