Motorcycle Safety A Single Point of Truth Bringing together motorcycle safety information from the different data sources into one document Data sources include ACC, Ministry of Transport, NZ Transport Agency, NZ Police and National Health Statistics (Courtesy of the Transport Agency and Ministry of Transport) Not all percentages add up to 1% due to rounding error 217
How Motorcycle use and safety has changed over time In 1933 motorcycles were 16.5% of the private light vehicle fleet, three times the figure nowadays Motorcycling has always had practical transport related users, enthusiast users and users motivated to a lesser or greater extent in both directions Motorcycling has fluctuated over the years related to affordability and other factors In 1951 there were 454 motorcycle injury crashes per 1, registered motorcycle. In 215 the figure was 135 Registered motorcycles in New Zealand by year since 1951 14, 6 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1951 1955 1961965 197 1975198 1985 1991995 2 2521 215 Distance travelled per year on motorcycles by age group of rider 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 4 3 2 1 15-29 3-44 45+ Total 1989/9 1997/98 23-28 24-29 25-21 26-211 27-212 28-213 29-214 Annual crashes per 1, registered motorcycles 1951 1956 1961 1966 19711976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2126 211 There s been a shift to older riders particularly those 45+ 15-29 yr old travel reduced by 84% from 1989/9 to 29-214 Motorcycling is now much safer per registered motorcycle than in 1951 as is all vehicle travel 45+ TRAVEL more than trebled Over the same period, the 3-44 age group increased but not so dramatically Overall, motorcycle travel has increased markedly since 1997/98 but has not yet regained the levels of 1989/9 Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 1
How Motorcycle use and safety has changed over time continued... Motorcycle deaths per year 6 5 4 Motorcycling increased by around 6% from 25 to 215 Motorcycle / moped Police reported crashes increased by around 4% from 25 to 215 ACC claims serious enough to involve ongoing entitlements increased 14% from 25 to 215 54 motorcyclists died on our roads in 215, up from a low of 28 in 23 Motorcycling has increased particularly in the older age groups 3 2 1 Indicators of motorcycle travel and safety by year 2 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 Motorcycle / Moped travel (million km) Motorcycle / Moped numbers (1s) ACC entitlement claims Hosp >1 day Motorcycle safety has decreased since 22 The per vehicle motorcycle crash rate has been on the increase since 22 The increase in serious ACC claims is much less than the increase in motorcycling There is plenty left to be achieved 15 1 5 Motorcycle crashes per 1, motorcycles 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 21 22 2324 25 2627 28 2921 211 212213 214 215216 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 2
Motorcycle travel & safety information from travel surveys Percentage of age-group travel on motorcycles in different cc rating groups 45+ years 3-44 years 15-29 years 2 4 6 8 1 Urban and open road motorcycle travel by engine size Million km travelled per year 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Urban road Open road >1cc 61-1cc 51-6cc up to 5cc Up to 5 51-25 251-6 61-1 11+ Vehicle engine cc range Older riders tend to own larger bikes and ride for recreation Fatal crashes and injury crashes per million km by urban and rural 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Urban Rural Fatal crashes per million km Older people predominantly use All injury crashes per million km larger motorcycles Similarly people under 3 are the main users of motorcycles lower than cc 251 In urban areas, there is on average around per 8, km of riding and in rural areas injury crash per 4, km of riding Rural crashes are more severe Ministry of Transport travel survey analyses provide information on motorcycle travel by cc rating by urban road and rural road for 211-214 These can be matched with crash statistics to provide estimates of crash rates per million kilometres ridden by urban and rural For travel survey analyses urban means speed limit 5km/r and under and rural means speed limit greater than 5km/hr 1/4 of all riding is in urban areas and on 3/4 the open road Rural crashes are biased towards more severe crashes -related to the amount of riding done in rural areas In urban & open road areas, on average motorcyclists have around one fatal crash per 5.5 million kilometres of riding Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 3
Motorcyclist age and gender related to risk Average age of motorcyclists killed and injured by year Average age 5 5% 45 4 35 3 25 2 2 Average age of motorcyclist casualties Average age if motorcyclist deaths 22 24 26 28 21 212 214 The average age of both deaths and injuries has increased from the low 3s in 2 to the high 3s in 214 As this has happened the percentages of crashes involving 4years plus riders has increased considerably The percentage of small machines under 6cc has also increased from around 11% to over 2% Percentage of riders and motorcyclists involved in crashes Percentage of casualties Percentage of riders 4 years and over, percentage of motorcycles under 6cc and percentage of motorcycles 75 cc and over involved in crashes by year 14% 12% 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% 45% 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 2 22 24 26 28 21 Motorcycle casualties by age and gender -4 5-9 1-1415-19 2-24 25-29 3-3435-39 4-4445-495-54 4yrs+ % of riders 4 years or older % of m/c under 6cc % of m/c 75cc or over 212 214 55-59 6-6465-697+ Since 2... Motorcyclists have become an older group The average age of both killed & injured riders has moved from around 35+ years under 35 to close to 4yrs 4yrs+ The % of injured riders 4+ has risen from 26% - 45% The vast majority of motorcycle casualties are men Motorcyclists who are under 3 and over 4 are most at risk Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 4
Alcohol, drugs & speed in motorcycle crashes Motorcyclist alcohol/drugs and speed involvement in fatal crashes % fatal 52% Neither 12% Alcohol/ drugs Alcohol/ drugs and 16% speed 2% Speed The pie chart describes motorcyclist alcohol/drugs and speed involvement in fatal crashes. It shows that alcohol/drugs and or speed are involved in 48% of motorcycle fatal crashes with alcohol/drugs involved in 28%, speed alone in 2% and alcohol/ drugs alone in 12%. More than half of fatal motorcycle crashes do not involve alcohol, speed or drugs Alcohol, drugs or speed impacted ½ on almost of fatal crashes Speed without alcohol or drugs was present in 2% of fatal crashes Alcohol or drugs without speed were present in 12% of fatal crashes Alcohol or drugs were present with speed in a further 16% of crashes = 16% Responsibility in crashes The pie chart looks at the primary responsibility for single vehicle and multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes. 2% 33% 35% Multi vehicle, no motorcyclist fault identified 7% Single motorcyclist vehicle, fault no identified Multi vehicle, motorcyclist some responsibility 56% Single vehicle, motorcyclist at fault 23% Multi vehicle, motorcyclist primary responsibility Motorcyclists are primarily responsible for 56% of the crashes In crashes with other road users, the other road user is more likely to be primarily responsible Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 5
Type and cc rating of crashed motorcycles We looked at the 1 most recent fatal motorcycle crashes on sealed roads The motorcycles were classified by type by a motorcycle expert Higher powered bikes 6cc and over are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash The bike types most in fatal crashes were CRUISER BIKES & SPORTS BIKES Scooters were in 2% of fatal crashes Percentage of sample of motorcycles in fatal crashes by type 7% Tourer 21% Other and unknown 1% Street/ Naked Sport 1% Dirt or Trail bike 24% 3% Adventure 2% Cruise Scooter 23% Fatally or seriously injured annual average July 29-June 214 27% 11+cc 31% 61-1cc 12% up to 6cc 3% 61-6cc bikes over 6cc+ are involved in 58% of fatal & serious injuries Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 6
Motorcycle size related to risk Most rural fatal crashes (6%) are on bikes known to be >749cc 4% of urban fatal crashes are on bikes >749 cc 79% of fatal crashes on 1+ cc engines are on the open road On average riders on bikes >1cc have around: Motorcyclists on big bikes tend to be injured more severely than those on smaller bikes more rural high speed riding. Percentage of fatal crashes by CC range by urban/ rural % all fatal 35% 3% Urban road Open road 25% 25% 2% 2% 15% 15% 1% 1% 5% 5% % % unknown -59 6-249 25-499 5-749 75-999 1+ Percentage of injury crashes by CC range by urban/ rural % all injury unknown Urban road Open road -59 6-249 25-499 5-749 75-999 1+ 13x the risk of dying in a year than those on bikes up to 6cc 6x the risk of 6-25cc bike riders Larger cc motorcycles dominate in open road injuries & fatalities 2x the risk of those between 25-1cc Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 7
What time & day do crashes and injuries occur? Most motorcycle crashes occur between noon and 8pm with a large weekend peak between noon and 4pm The two charts on crashes show that most motorcycle crashes occur during the day This is particularly so at weekends when there is a large peak from noon to 4pm The chart on claims shows a similar pattern over the day Motorcycle crashes in 215 by day of week and time of day 1 Motorcycle crashes by weekday/weekend Average motorcycle claims by crash time in proportion from CY27 to CY216. (CY means claims year) 8 6 4 2 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 8 6 4 2 Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun midnight - 4am 4am - 8am 8am - noon Noon - 4pm 4pm - 8pm 8pm - midnight 12 am 1 am 2 am 3 am 4 am 5 am 6 am 7 am 8 am 9 am 1 am 11 am 12 pm 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm 4 pm 5 pm 6 pm 7 pm 8 pm 9 pm 1 pm 11 pm Midnight to 4am 4am to 8am 8am to noon noon to 4pm 4pm to 8pm 8pm to midnight Weekly Weekend Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 8
Time of year & where on the road network are motorcyclists crashing & getting injured? The percentage of fatal crashes which are rural varies by quarter between 72 and 85% and is highest in the months October to March-when conditions are more conducive to rural riding. This reflects the greater severity of higher speed rural crashes The percentage of injury crashes which are rural is much lower varying from 36 to 48% between quarters. The higher percentages are again in the better weather months as with the fatal crashes Urban crashes Rural crashes vary between quarters much more from 33% in January March to 17% in July- September, a quarter unconducive to rural riding due to weather conditions Rural crashes peak during warmer weather with improved conditions for rural riding Rural crashes Motorcyclists tend to ride, crash, and get injured in the warmer dryer months of the year Urban crashes are spread more evenly throughout the year than rural crashes With the quarters differing from 27% in April - June to 23% in July - September 24% October - December 26% January - March 29% October - December 33% January - March 1 Percentages of injury and fatal crashes which are rural by quarter 8 6 4 23% July - September 27% 17% April - June July - September 21% April - June 2 Injury Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Fatal Injury Fatal Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 9
Motorcyclists interactions with Road Policing When people are stopped by Police more than one infringement may be detected The infringement associated with the main reason they were stopped is the primary infringement type The charts include infringements from automatic enforcement (speed and red light cameras) under speed Apprehensions/Infringements vs primary infringement type Apprehensions/ infringements 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Apprehensions Number of infringements detected Apprehensions/Infringements vs rider age 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Demerit points accrued by riders by age range 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, <16 16-221-25 26-3 31-3536-4 41-45 46-551-55 Age ranges Apprehensions Total number of infringements 56-6 61-6566-7 71-75 76+ POLICE Motorcyclists are mainly caught for SPEEDING & LICENSING/WOF INFRINGEMENTS although demerit points accrued do not drop off until age ranges 5+ are reached Police apprehensions of motorcyclists-27-216 6, 5,5 5, Teens & early 2 year olds are the main offenders, Licensing, overloading parking Alcohol Speed including cameras and red light camera Manner of driving Vehicle, WOF/ COF, Road Code duties & obligations WOF Helmet 1, 5, Age ranges under 21 21-3 31-45 over 45 4,5 4, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 1
Vehicle movements in motorcycle crashes These charts look at vehicle movements in motorcycle crashes involving injury or death Most urban crashes occur at intersections and most rural crashes involve losing control Be cautious at intersections & keep your bike under control when out on the highway For urban crashes A fifth are lost control ½ Almost are at intersections Movements in urban injury or fatal crashes Movements in rural injury or fatal crashes 22% Lost control/ run off road 3% Head on 5% Overtaking/ lane change 1% 2% Rear end/ obstruction Pedestrian 48% Intersection 11% Manoeuvring/ miscellaneous 54% Lost control/ run off road 11% 9% Head on Rear end/ obstruction 9% 14% Intersection 3% Manoeuvring/ miscellaneous Overtaking/ lane change For rural crashes Only 14% are at intersections More than ½ are lost control Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 11
153 ST JOHN AMBULANCE The consequences of crashes injuries Safety gear works Wear it! A quarter of ACC injuries are entitlement claims, serious enough for the claimant to have ongoing entitlements The average entitlement claim length is around 6 months Most injuries are fractures/dislocations and soft tissue injuries which include injury to internal organs The relatively small number of concussions and other brain injuries may relate to helmet use Most common injury sites are the knee and shoulder joints, other joints and other parts of limbs Head injuries are relatively rare indicating helmets work Most injuries are at body places least protected Indicates that safety gear is effective Low rate of face injury when it is a major impact site indicates full face helmets work Site of ACC injuries Chest Head and face Lower back/spine Neck, back of head vertebrae Unobtainable Other Limbs and extremities 5% 7% 11% 7% 7% 6% 9% ACC Motorcycle Claims 27-216 1% Fatal claims 74% Other Claims The result of crashes injury 1,5 1,2 9 6 3 Concussion/ Brain injury Fracture/ Dislocation 27 28 25% Entitlement claims Soft tissue injury (contusion, internal organ, strain) Infected/ Non-infected laceration, puncture wound, sting 29 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 12
Motorcycle Safety A Single Point of Truth 7 Safety gear works wear it! 1 4 Motorcycling has increased particularly in the older age groups Motorcyclists who are under 3 and over 4 are most at risk 8 Rural crashes peak during warmer weather with improved conditions for rural riding 2 Rural crashes are more severe and urban crashes are more frequent 5 Higher powered bikes with engines over 6cc are involved in most fatal and serious injuries 9Sat/Sun Most motorcycle crashes occur between noon & 8pm with a large weekend peak between noon & 4pm 3 Older riders tend to own larger bikes and ride for recreation 6 Over half of fatal crashes do not involve alcohol, drugs or speed 1 Be cautious at intersections & keep your bike under control on the highway Motorcycle Safety A single point of truth 13