North America MICROGRIDS DESIGNING AN IMPROVED GRID WWW.SWITCHGEARPOWER.COM
Utility Grade Central generation including renewables 50-25 000 MW Grid has evolved, due to policies, and is primarily central generation. HV grid a backbone for long distance bulk power transmission at 110-1200 kv (AC or DC) Costs and social resistance has increased on the build out of transmission lines. ` MV grid for a local power distribution at 6-69 kv Distributed generation including renewables 1-25 MW Recent storms and unforeseen events have uncovered serious weaknesses in our central/transmission/distribution grid. LV grid for the last mile power distribution at 110-1000 V Sub-utility generation including renewables 0.005-1 MW Roof top solar, DER s causing problems to grid operators.
IS THIS REAL AND PRACTICAL? A Microgrid as Explained by Steve Jobs New Campus Apple AC2 Steve Jobs explains the campus design Grid is backup to Apple Power Plant
What s a microgrid? An integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources which can operate either connected to or islanded from the existing utility power grid.
Reliable Industrial Automation of Generation Improve Reliability (truly redundant approach) Grid is back-up Power Automation improves performance MV Distribution Highly reliable systems used in much more extreme cases (glass, steel, etc) Improved power backbone Smaller switchgear to point of consumption Better use of Capital Eliminate: Transfer Switches Paralleling Gear Limited UPS installation (IT only) Government Incentives Power generation near consumption Improved performance of Renewable Power Byproduct (steam/hot water) of energy yields greater potential for efficiency and alternate services Byproduct of production as well- biomass, biogas, etc. Optimization of power Utility Grid support Production close to consumption = tighter coordination and repetition Sell power back to grid due to financial optimization Volt/Var Voltage and frequency
Utilities and Consumers Different Evolution Path Source: Greentech Media Research
i. Concept ii. i. Conceptual business case analysis and technical services Engineering Services i. Includes: Interconnect, protection and control, load flow, static and dynamic modeling, etc. iii. Control Platform i. Must be real time automation hardware/firmware ii. Software for optimization iv. Grid Stabilization Solution i. Important for seamless power v. Integration Services vi. 24/7 Monitoring
Utility CT Server Utility 14MW PV Power Plant MV Power Bus GEN 1 4MW GEN 2 2MW LV Gen Bus Feeder Feeder MV LV Feeder Controller Feeder Controller Feeder Controller GEN 3 4MW Feeder Feeder Controller BESS 1 2MW Feeder Utility CT Energy Storage System Grid Stabilization TITLE: TYPICAL MICROGRID CRITICAL POWER CLIENT: Internal B A MB Layout bl 06.15.13 BL REV DESCRIPTION DRN DATE CKD FILE NAME: For internal use DRAWING NO.: 001 SHEET NO. 1/1
Grid f [Hz] 60.05 60 59.95 Stored energy [MWh] Frequency regulation Absorb power Supply power t [sec] G r i d S t a b i l i z a t i o n B a t t e r y E n e r g y Load [MW] 10 5 S t o r Stored energy a [MWh] g e Load leveling Supply power Absorb power t [hrs] ESS
Inherent volatility of renewable energy can compromise grid stability The renewable energy integration solution must address requirements traditionally fulfilled by diesel generation (base load) Frequency and voltage control Sufficient spinning reserve Sufficient active and reactive power supply Peak shaving and load levelling Load sharing between generators Fault current provision Renewable energy generation capacity should be sized to maximize ROI and fuel savings
Grid Stabilization System
Spinning Reserve / Step Load / Real Case 65 Grid Stabilization System 60 55
ABB Gro up 850 kw load steps Test of Reaction 850kW ON 850kW OFF 62hz 61hz 60hz 59hz
Features: High power; low energy High Duty Cycle Grid Stabilizing Scalable & Modular Frequency Control 480V 60Hz AC/DC Grid G Voltage Control Fault Ride Through Spinning Reserve (Virtual Generator) Step Load Capabilities Real Power Reactive Power Real Power Battery Capacitor Flywheel Voltage reference for renewables only mode
Enhancing operations and improving performance Embedded software Office Remote control center Local control center Plant floor Power grid From protection logic in protection relays to interactive functionality in measurement devices and robot controllers, embedded software is a key component for most products and systems. Software systems Used to control and coordinate operational processes across industry sectors, from chemical plants, building management, IT, to power grids. Enterprise software Bridge the divide between operational data and business intelligence, delivering actionable information Plant Optimization
69 kv 69 kv Data Center Campus A 34.5 kv AC, UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION B 480 V AC DATA CENTER LOAD 1 DATA CENTER LOAD 2 CL&P 690 TO BLACKROCK SUBSTATION TO RAINBOW DAM Grid Stabilization G G G G NAT. GAS TURB. 4.6 MW NAT. GAS TURB. 4.6 MW STEAM TURB 2 MW DIESEL GEN 1.5 MW SOLAR PV FARM Feeder ControllerFeeder Controller TITLE: Utility STANLEY WORKS CONCEPTUAL MICROGRID LAYOUT Server CLIENT: Internal B A STANLEY ONELINE 04.14.14 JJ REV DESCRIPTION DRN DATE CKD FILE NAME: For internal use DRAWING NO.: 001 SHEET NO. 1/1
Brad Luyster www.switchgearpower.com bluyster@switchgearpower.com 919-389-8485 Greg Shallbetter gshallbetter@switchgearpower.com 920-582-7277