Document Name: Section: Title: 0101r236 TAPPI PRESS The Mechanics of Winding TAPPI PRESS The Mechanics of Winding Edited by David R. Roisum, Ph. D. 1994. 237 pp., 7" x 10" soft cover Item Number: 0101R236 ISBN: 0898522811 The Mechanics of Web Handling is the third book in Dave Roisum's trilogy. The Mechanics of Winding and The Mechanics of Rollers are also available from TAPPI PRESS. Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Winding Winder Applications Why Wind? Where Winders Fit in the Foundation of a Roll (Cores) the Three Winder Classes the TNT's of Winding Web Tension Nip Torque Differential Roll Structuring a Black Box Model of Winding Winding Mechanics 2 Roll Quality What Makes a Good Roll? Roll Structure Backtender's Friend Hardness Billy Club Harness Paro Roll Tester Hardness Rhometer Hardness Schmidt Hammer Hardness Acoustic Time of Flight Axial Press Test Caliper in Roll Core Torque Test Pressure Transducers Pull Tab Interlayer Pressure Smith Needle Interlayer Pressure Cameron Gap Strain J Line Interlayer Slippage Radially Drill Holes Slit Roll Face Strain Gauges WIT-WOT Pilot Winder X Ray Tomography Finish Issues Selection Sensitivity How Much / How Often to Measure Who Should Test Who Should Be Tested What Should B Recorded How to Interpret Data 3 The Applications Operation History of the Operating Principles Operating Principles Counter Data Acquisition Density Software Sizing Density Hardware Density Data and Noise Basis Weight and Caliper Effects 4 Winding Models What Is a Winding Model Modeling Equilibrium Strain Displacement
Stress Strain Relations The Winding Equation The Core Boundary Condition The Outer Boundary Condition The Material Constants Landmarks of Wound Roll Modeling Linear Isotropic Model Linear Anisotropic Models Altmann's Model Yagoda's Model Nonlinear Stack Modulus Hakiel's Model Tangential Stress Formulation A New Outer Boundary Condition Caliper Displacement Formulation Centrifugally Induced Stresses Other Winding Models Are These Models Correct Nomenclature List 5 Wound Roll Design Introduction Operating Windows and Variability Length Weight Coupled Roll Physics Core Failure Core Geometry Core Pressure Blocking and Bulk Caliper Loss Stretch, Stretch Loss and Baggy Webs Starring Dishing I Further Information on Roll Defects 6 Time Dependent Effects Time Constants Complex Stress Strain Curves Material Models Bulk/Caliper Loss Due to ZD Pressure Hygrothermal Effects Air Induced Defects 7 Nips What Is a Nip Hertzian Contact Interior Contact Stresses Nip Deflection Nip and Cylindricity Errors Nips and Roller Deflection Crowning and Nip Uniformity 8 Interlayer Slippage Slippage Review Slippage - Macro View Slippage - Micro View Slippage - Model 9 Nip Induced Defects Overview Failure Modes Nonuniform Slippage Slippage Gradient Bursts and Crepes - Roll Outside Bursts and Crepes - Roll Inside Unwind Belt Shear Corrugations Delamination Summary Other Roll Defects Loose Core Wrong Core Offset Core Offset at the Core Offsets Dishing II Buckles Ridges Wrinkles Interweaving Spreading 11 Overview How Much Is Too Much What Drives Rollers and Beams Unwind Rewound Roll The Spiral Throwout Avoiding Windup Load Cell Roller 12 Productivity A Winder must Keep up The Time Cycle Aperiodic Events Measuring Time Cycle Elements Analyzing the Data The Roll Storage Buffer Ergonomics 13 Machine Elements Sizing and Selecting a Winder Rollers
Alignment and Deflection Drive Speed Drive Control Precision Slitters Trim Removal Shear Slitter Geometries Guiding Safety Appendices Unit Conversion Tables Load Cells for Web Tension Tension from Motor Reading Tension from Web Sag Torque and Power Requirements Nips on a Two Drum Winder Nip Stress Roll Sensitivity Density Hardware List Winding Model Input Sets Linear Isotropic Altmann's Winding Model Yagoda's Winding Model Finite Difference Approximations Matrix Coefficients for Models Hygrothermal Diffusion Program Time Cycle calculation Program Glossary A Selected Controls Cores, Chucks & Shafts Defects Drives General Introduction to Winding Other Nip Mechanics Productivity Web Handling Winding Models Subject Index Acceleration (See Speed Change) Acoustics (Also See Noise) Air Shear Burst Alignment Automation Axial Press Test Backtender's Friend Baggy Web Basis Weight (Also See Caliper and Density), Selected Billy Club hardness Blocking Boundary Condition Core (See Core Radial Stiffness BBC) Outside (See Wound in Tension) Buckle (Also See Starring) Bulk (See Density) Bulk Loss (See Caliper, Loss) Burst (Also See Core Burst and Crepe Wrinkle) Calender (Also See Nip) Caliper (Also See Basis Wgt and Density) Effect on In Roll Loss Profiles Cameron Gap (See Gap Test) Capacitance Gauge Center Winder (See Winder, Center & Buckles & Air Entrain) Center Surface Winder (See Winder, Center Surface) Centrifugal Stresses Clamp Trucks Cockle Computer Programs Diffusion Productivity Winding Models Core Buckling Burst Chuck Crush Deflection Eccentric End Flair Failure Hygroscopic Behavior Loose Offset Moisture Nip Pressure Radial Stiffness B.C. Shaft Tear out Core Torque Corrugation Creep Crepe Wrinkle Critical Speed (Also See ) Crown (See Roller, Crowning) Dancer Deceleration (See Speed Change) Delamination Density (Also See )
Current Finished Diffusion Dished Roll Draw Control 8 (Also See Drive and Tension Control) Drive Control Precision inertia Compensation Sizing Speed Profile Tension from Duplex Winder (See Winder, Duplex) Edge Guide Encoder Ergonomics Fick's Law (See Diffusion) Flutter (See Web, Flutter) Footage Force Sensing Resistors Friction (See Interlayer Friction) Gap Test Gearing (See Interlayer Slippage) Glossary Grooving Guiding (Also See Roll, Offset) Hardness (See Roll, Hardness) Hertzian Contact (See Nip) Humidity (Also See Diffusion) Hygroscopic (See Humidity and Moisture) Hysterisis Inertia Compensation Interlayer friction Interlayer Pressure Model Interlayer Slippage (Also See J Line) Dishing Gradient J Line Model Nonuniform Slippage Interlock Interweaving (Also See Spreading) J Line Test (Also See Interlayer Slippage) Lay on Roller (See Rider Roller) Load Cell 7 (Also See Tension Control) Logs (See Records) Maintenance Mandrel (See Core Shaft) Md Stresses Memory Models (See Wound Roll Models) Modulus Md ZD (Stack) Moisture Distributions (See Diffusion) Moisture Welts necking Nip Chapter At Cores Control Contact Stresses In Converting Deflection On Floor Impression Paper Between Rollers Rolling Friction Stresses Two Drum Winder Rider Roller Uniformity Nip Induced Defects Noise Paro Roll Tester Poisson's Ratio In Plane Necking Out of Plane Pop Open Power (See Drive, Sizing) Productivity (See Time Cycle) Profile (See Web Profile) Pull Tab Quality Control (See Roll Structure and Testing) Radial Stress (See Interlayer Pressure) Records Reel Reel Spool (See Core, Shaft and Core, Deflection) Rhometer Rider Roller Ridges Roll Burst Defects Density Handling Damage Handling Loads Hardness Length Offsets Out of Round Rotational Frequency Storage Weight Roll Structure (Also See TNT) Selection Sensitivity Roller Balance Bearing Drag Covered Crowning
Deflection Grooving Normal Entry Law Speed Stress Tolerances Traction Rolling Friction (See Nip, Rolling Friction) Rope Marks (See Corrugations) Rounding (See Speed, Change) RPM Runnability Runout (See Roller, Tolerances) S Curve (See Speed, Change) Safety Salvage Winder Schmidt (Concrete) Hammer Shafted & Shaftless, Sidelay (See Guide) Slit Roll Face Test Slitter Smith Needle Snapoff (See Web, Break) Solvents (See Diffusion) Speed Buckles Change Differential Limits Splice Offset Spreading Stack Modules Starring Strain Gauge Strength (See Web, Strength) Stress Relaxation (See Creep) Stress Straincurves Stretch (Also See Tension, Stress Strain) Tangetial Stresses (See Md Stresses) Telescope Tension Control Testing Thrusting (Also See Roll, ) Time Constants Time Cycle TIR TNT Toque Differential Drive Req's Unwinding Traction (See Roller, Traction) Trim Removal Turret Winder (See Winder, Turret) Two Drum Winder (See Winder, Two Drum) Unit Conversion Tables Unwind Belts Brakes Saddles Guidelines Rollers Throwout Unwind Wound Roll Web Break Flutter Products Profile Strength Winder Specification Winder (Also See Winding) Applications Arrangement Classification Duplex Locations Convert. Location Mfg. Selection Specifications Turret Two Drum Winding (Also See Winder) Center Center Surface Definition Mechanics, Limits Reasons for Surface WIS (See Wound in Tension) WIT (See Wound in Tension) WIT-WOT Pilot Winder Wound in Tension Wound Roll Models Altmann's - Appendix Model, Computer, Models Math Nomenclature, Symbols, Units Strains Tangential Stress Formulation Verification Yagoda's Wrap Angel (Also See Roller, Traction) Wrinkle (Also See Spreading and Alignment And Roller, Deflection) X Ray Tomography ZD Stress (See Interlayer Pressure)