DORNIER 228 NEW GENERATION The New German Navy Oil Pollution Control Aircraft Thomas Imke, RUAG Aviation Jakarta July 2, 2013
Content Milestones of the German airborne pollution control operation Mission spectrum Aircraft and sensors Fact, figures and results Conclusion
History German Airborne Oil Pollution Control Operations Do 228-212 Do 228NG Do 28
Milestones German Airborne Oil Pollution Control Operations 1986 Start of airborne pollution control operations with two Do 28 out of Kiel 1991 Extension of patrol area to the East after reunification 1991 Replacement of Do 28 by Do 228-212 1994 Move of operating base to Nordholz 1995 Last flight of Do 28 1998 Entry into service of second Do 228-212 2011 Upgrade of one Do 228-212 to NG level 2012 Entry into service of a brand new Do 228NG
Mission Spectrum German Navy Naval Airwing 3 Graf Zeppelin Tasks Mission coordination/ -optimization of units involved in pollution control Surveillance of North and Baltic Sea areas @ day and night Mission execution 24 / 7 / 365 readiness with reaction capability and coverage of even large size areas Validation and investigation of pollutions and collection of evidence with electronic, digital and electro-optical recording
Area of Operation German Navy Naval Airwing 3 Graf Zeppelin Up to 13 routes Continuously, but unpredictable Up to 3 flights per day Missions day and night 60% day / 40% night 55% North Sea / 45% Baltic Sea Denmark Sweden Baltic Sea North Sea Netherland Germany
Addtional Tasks Support to other state departments SAR - search and rescue Support of science project Support of agencies for disaster management
Support for Disaster Management Flooding of Elbe River in 2006 and in 2013 Suspected undercutting behind dike
Aircraft and Sensors
Dornier 228 New Generation Versatile multirole aircraft Comfortable 19-seater High payload transport Corporate shuttle MedEvac operation Cargo operation Paratrooper operation Special mission sensor platform 19 Pax Layout Multipurpose Layout 10 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Dornier 228 New Generation Versatile multirole aircraft Renown short-field performance Renown hot and high performance Unprepared airfields Excellent handling. Proven reliability Efficient and productive Low Maintenance Cost, high engine TBO, low fuel consumption Only aircraft in production in its performance class (FAR23 commuter < 19.000lbs) More than 300 aircraft operate under all weather conditions with >99% operational reliability Tensing-Hillary Airport (9100 ft) Lukla, Nepal Unprepared airfield operation, Nigeria 11 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Dornier 228 New Generation Max. Take-off Weight Optional (military only) Max. Landing Weight optional Max. Zero Fuel Weight Operating Weight Empty Max. Structural Payload Typical Payload (19 Pax) 93 kg Fuel at max. Pax lb 14,109 14,550 13,448 14,109 13,095 8,816 4,279 3,895 1,464 kg 6,400 6,575 6,100 6,400 5,940 3,999 1,941 1,767 664 2.54 m (8 ft 4 in) 1.17 m (4 ft 2 in) 6.29 m (20 ft 8 in) 16.56 m (54 ft 4 in) 16.97 m (55 ft 8 in) 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in) 12 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Dornier 228 New Generation Engine Garrett TPE 331-10GP-511D 2 x 776 SHP (flat rated to ISA + 30 C/86 F) Cruise Fuel Flow 252 lb/h/engine Performance Take-off Run (1-engine)* 671 m 2,200 ft Take-off Distance (1-engine)* 793 m 2,600 ft Acc. Stop Distance* 747 m 2,450 ft Landing Distance** 450 m 1,480 ft Climb, 2 engines* 1,870 ft/min Climb, 1 engine* 440 ft/min Max. Cruise Speed (10,000 ft)* 444 km/h 240 KTAS Range (Max. Cruise Speed)*** 833 km 272 NM Cabin Length 7.08 m 23.23 ft Height 1.55 m 5.09 ft * Max. Take-off Weight, ISA, Sea Level ** Max. Landing Weight, ISA, Sea Level *** 19 Pax, 85 kg/187 lbs each, 45 min hold, ISA, 10,000 ft; alternate 100 nm 13 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Dornier 228 New Generation Main Features Honeywell TPE331-10 Up to 7,000 hrs TBO, FAA STC 329CH-D, Garrett State-of-the-art Glass Cockpit Cockpit Major Change Approval EASA.A.359, RUAG 300 minor improvements New 5-bladed Propeller EASA STC A.S.02755, MT-Propeller Dornier 228 New Generation Prepared for the future! 14 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH
Dornier 228 New Generation 4-tube Universal glass cockpit Four (4) 8.9 inch liquid crystal HD displays Navigation display with TAWS overlay, Special Mission Operations FMS available Avionic system modifiable. Interface between mission system and cockpit avionic possible Charts and airport diagrams (optional) Checklist (optional) Moving Map (optional) Designed for increased situational and flight safety awareness Avionics EFIS: 2 each PFD s and MFD s FMS ESIS TAWS*, TCAS* Weather Radar* Autopilot* HF Radio* MMS * * optional 15 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Dornier 228 New Generation 4-tube Universal glass cockpit
Dornier 228 New Generation 5-bladed composite propeller Certified for the Dornier 228-212 with certified max. continuous power of 1.151 SHP for more safety and reliability margin Smaller propeller diameter. Less noise and higher ground clearance (76.7 dba Take-Off noise according to EASA Type Certificate Data Sheet for Noise) Lighter propeller. Less stress on the engine and electrical system during start up Retrofitable: EASA STC A.S.02755, MT-Propeller 5-bladed composite propeller 17 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
ESFC (b/s hp-h) Dornier 228 New Generation Stronger TPE331-10 GP/GT-511 D engine Nominal (flat rated) power of 776 SHP (579 kw) de-rated from 940 SHP Flat rated to ISA+30 C/86 F at sea level. Torque flat rated to 13.000ft 24,9 % more SHP per lb of fuel (compared to PT6-34 engine) 91 C more Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) margin at the same power which reduces engine maintenance cost 7000 h TBO with 3500 h HSI for commercial operation unique in the industry (minimum 800 FH/year) Equivalent Specific Fuel Consumption 0,8 0,7 PT6-34/-42/-60 0,6 0,5 TPE331-5/-8/-10 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 700 800 900 1000 SHP (uninstalled) 18 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Special Operations Platform Aircraft and performance features Excellent cockpit view High wing - excellent down view through observer (bubble type) window High ground clearance for sensor installation (0.76m, 29 inch) Unpressurised and flat fuselage for ease of sensor installation (SLAR, 360 radar) Large roller door operable in-flight. Sufficient 600A electrical power for all sensors (2x300A) Easy installation of user consoles due to rectangular fuselage High endurance (9+ hours) High speed to mission area (max. 240 KTAS) Increased MTOW of 6,575 kg (14,550 lbs) Maneuverability (67 to 240 KTAS) Fuel burn <200kg (440 lbs) / search hour at max. endurance speed) State of the art systems (MMS, TAWS overlay, TCAS, Autopilot, )
Special Operations Platform Multirole layout (typical) 2 Operators, 2 Observer WX Radar SLAR Operator Console PBE Operator Seat Cabin Heater EO/IR First Aid Kit Pax Seat (moveable) Fire Extinguisher Life Raft FWD Baggage Compartment PBE Data Master Unit SLAR Pax Seat (moveable) Ladder Operator Console Operator Seat VIS Line Scanner MWR Cabin Heater Roller Door Oil Spill Sampling Buoy ATF Baggage Compartment Emergency Exits 20 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Special Operations Platform Sensors and Mission Systems Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) IR / UV Line Scanner VIS Line Scanner Electro-Optical / Infrared Camera (EO / IR) Laser illuminator, Search light Video camera AIS Airborne/ELR Receiver Direct / Indirect data links SatCom Tactical radio and navigation aids (e.g. TACAN, Encrypted Communication) Mission management systems ------------------------------------------------------------ 360 Surveillance / Search radar (SAR) MWR microwave radiometer 21 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Special Operations Platform Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) Perpendicular beams (090/270) High resolution wave returns = sea clutter (if sea clutter is visible oil spills can be detected) Changes in waves are clearly visible (oil covered water, ship waves) Oil spill area can be measured All weather, day & night High sea state Range right and left 20/40 NM Measurement of layer thickness not possible SLAR - Primary sensor for detection of oil spills shown here Terma SLAR SLAR is the primary sensor for detection of oil spills. 22 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Special Operations Platform Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) Wave returns = Sea Clutter (wave-height, -length, -direction, wind, shore) Oil spills Ship Ship wave Terma SLAR 9000 (Picture from TERMA Doc 304608-RA)
1000 ft Special Operations Platform IR/ UV Linescanner scanner head 90 electr. box Ultra Violet Scanner makes different reflections of water and oil spill visible (daylight only) Infra Red Scanner makes different surface temperature of water and oil spill (less emissivity) visible (day & night) Both sensors allow measurements of oil spill thickness > 0.01 µm shown here Optimare UV/IR Scanner
Special Operations Platform Electro Optical / Infrared (EO/IR) Detection Identification Collection of Evidence
Sensors DSLR Camera with Data Annotation
COC - Central Operator Console Sensor management and - employment via network access Digital storage of sensor data for post mission analysis
Search Time (Hours) Search Time (Hours) Dornier 228 New Generation Mission Endurance MTOW 6575 kg OWE 3900 kg Mis. E. 600 kg Fuel 2250 kg Transit to Search Area Fleld Elevation 250 ft Delta ISA 0 C Climb with Best Climb Rate to FL 100 Max Range Cruise Speed Wind 0 Kts, Descent Max Range Search in the Area Delta ISA 0 C Search Altitude 4000 ft Max Endurance Speed Sensor Range (both sides) 40 NM Transit back from Search Area Delta ISA 0 C Climb with Best Climb Rate to FL 100 Max Range Cruise Speed Wind 0 Kts, Field Elevation 250 ft 9 8 7 1000 900 800 700 800 700 600 6 5 4 3 600 500 400 300 500 400 300 200 Search Area 1000 NM 3 2 200 1 100 100 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Distance Airfield to Search Area (NM) 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Distance Airfield to Search Area (NM) 28 RUAG Aerospace Services GmbH 08.07.2013
Facts, Figures and Results German Airborne Oil Pollution Control Operations Mission Summary Oil Pollution Control Flights (since January 1986) Total number of missions: 10,850 Detected pollutions: 4,301 Ascertained polluters: 591 Total flight hours: 33,239 Data as of May 2012
Aerial Surveillance Results 1986-2010 North and Baltic Sea Pollution (P) per Flight (F) index
Conclusion Increased density and deterrence due to permanent presence of aircraft Quantity and size of detected pollutions have decreased over the years The German Navy Dornier 228 oil pollution control aircraft are constituting a positive effect to marine to marine protection and are providing an essential contribution to a global challenge
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