World Tariff Profiles 2009 UNITED NATIONS

WTO MEMBERS (As of 23 July 2008) Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia European Communities Fiji Finland Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe

WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The WTO s main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. It does this by administering trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, reviewing national trade policies, assisting developing countries in trade policy issues through technical assistance and training programmes and cooperating with other international organizations. UNCTAD Established in 1964, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) promotes the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy. UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development, with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development. Three key functions of UNCTAD are: (1) to function as a forum for intergovernmental deliberations, supported by discussions with experts and exchanges of experience, aimed at consensus building; (2) to undertake research, policy analysis and data collection for the debates of government representatives and experts; and (3) to provide technical assistance tailored to the specific requirements of developing countries, with special attention to the needs of the least developed countries and of economies in transition. ITC The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC enables small business export success in developing countries by providing, with partners, sustainable and inclusive trade development solutions to the private sector, trade support institutions and policymakers. ITC s strategic objectives are to strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises, to develop the capacity of trade service providers to support businesses, and to support policymakers in integrating the business sector into the global economy. World Trade Organization and International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the World Trade Organization and the International Trade Centre. WTO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or: Direct from WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 Fax: (41 22) 739 54 58 Email: publications@wto.org Online WTO bookshop http://onlinebookshop.wto.org Printed by WTO Secretariat, Switzerland, 2009 ISBN: 978-92-870-3694-0 Also available in French and Spanish: French title ISBN 978-92-870-3695-7 Spanish title ISBN 978-92-870-3696-4

Foreword The World Tariff Profi les 2009 is the latest edition issue of this inter-agency statistical publication devoted to market access. The reader will find in this comprehensive report the main tariff parameters for each of the 153 WTO Members and also a few other countries and customs territories. The description of the tariffs imposed by each economy on its imports is complemented with an analysis of the market access conditions it faces in its major export markets. The present publication provides a comprehensive picture of tariff and ad valorem equivalents in an abridged format. This joint publication of the WTO, UNCTAD and the ITC responds to the needs of a large audience of specialists and non-specialists alike. Tariff duties play a fundamental role in key areas of trade negotiations. Perhaps more than in any previous multilateral round of trade negotiations, tariff reduction modalities have been at the core of the Doha negotiations. The standardized presentation lends itself to easy analyses and comparisons between countries, between sectors and between bound and applied duties for WTO Members. This ease of use should not mask, however, that a number of caveats apply when information is highly aggregated and when estimates are used for calculating ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties. The reader is advised to read the methodological notes that precede the statistical tables. The standard Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature breakdown was chosen as yardstick for most calculations lest the very diverse breakdowns of national tariff line nomenclatures affect the comparability between bound and applied duties and across countries. The publication is presented in three main parts. The first part shows summary statistics for all countries and territories for all products, as well as a break-down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The second part shows for each of these countries and territories, one full page with disaggregation by sectors and duty ranges. It also contains a section on the market access conditions faced in their respective major export markets. The third part contains a summary table on concessions on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs). The summary tables in the first part are designed to allow a cross-country comparison as well as a comparison of the levels of bound and applied duties. Apart from the standard indicators like tariff averages, maxima, percentage of duty-free tariff lines, peaks and non-ad valorem duties, it also contains indicators of tariff dispersion such as the number of distinct duties and the coefficient of variation. The calculation of these indicators is based, where applicable, on a pre-aggregation to HS six-digit subheadings, which leads to a standardization across countries and thus makes the comparisons more compatible. The country pages are divided into two blocks covering (A) the domestic market access protection and (B) the protection faced in the major export markets. In part A, information on bound and applied duties is shown by duty ranges and by sectors. Information for agricultural and non-agricultural duties is shown separately. In addition, there are indicators on the occurrence of special safeguards and on tariff quotas. In part B, the trade diversification and market access conditions in the five major export markets are depicted, broken down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The third part contains the technical annex which for this issue is the reprint of the summary statistics on concessions on ODCs. The data sources and a glossary, which briefly explains some of the most commonly used tariff and trade-related terms, conclude the publication. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 iii

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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are due, first of all, to all the data providers, mostly national administrations or WTO delegations who have made all this information available. In a number of cases, data has been made available on national websites or through regional organizations. Given the vast amount of statistical data and metadata that needed to be processed, and because this information is not available in one single organization, this publication was only possible as a joint effort of the WTO, UNCTAD and ITC. Each of the three organizations has a proven track record in tariff analysis and comparative strengths in the field of tariff analysis. This experience has been gained by investing considerable resources in tariff data compilation and dissemination. To build on this accumulated potential and to facilitate access to their respective databases, the three agencies set up in 2005 a joint Common Analytical Market Access Database (CAMAD). Without this initiative, and the synergies that were created through this cooperation, this publication would not have been possible. The WTO, as the repository of its Members binding commitments on goods and also as repository for Members notifications on their MFN applied tariffs, is of course at the core of this undertaking. The ITC contributed the major part of the most up-to-date data on applied tariffs, preferential duties and AVE estimates. UNCTAD collaborated with ITC in providing missing tariff data for some countries. Under the overall supervision of Hubert Escaith, WTO s Chief Statistician, the preparation of this publication was coordinated by Jürgen Richtering (WTO) in close collaboration with Mondher Mimouni (ITC). Adelina Mendoza (WTO) was responsible for doing all the calculations and preparing the tables in their final layout. Elodie Robin (ITC) was in charge of providing all the input data and of calculating all the ad valorem equivalents. At the ITC, Xavier Pichot, Carla Vaca, Carolin Averbeck, Olga Skorobogatova and Laurence Zandomenighi made contributions in various areas and at UNCTAD assistance was provided by Aki Kuwahara, Samuel Munyaneza and Fabien Dumesnil. Thanks are also due to the WTO Information and External Relations Division and WTO printing facilities for the production and the French and Spanish translators in the Languages Documentation and Information Management Division for rendering the publication in WTO s other official languages. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 v

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Table of contents Part 1 tables Technical notes... 1 All products... 2... 8... 14 Part 2 Country pages Technical notes... 21 Country pages... 27 Part 3 Technical annexes A. Schedule of Concessions: Other Duties and Charges... 175 B. Data sources... 177 C. Glossary of tariff and trade-related terms... 184 vii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

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Index of country page tables Afghanistan 27 Albania 28 Algeria 29 Angola 30 Antigua and Barbuda 31 Argentina 32 Armenia 33 Australia 34 Azerbaijan 35 Bahamas 36 Bahrain 37 Bangladesh 38 Barbados 39 Belarus 40 Belize 41 Benin 42 Bermuda 43 Bhutan 44 Bolivarian Rep. of 45 Venezuela Bolivia 46 Bosnia and Herzegovina 47 Botswana 48 Brazil 49 Brunei Darussalam 50 Burkina Faso 51 Burundi 52 Cambodia 53 Cameroon 54 Canada 55 Cape Verde 56 Central African Republic 57 Chad 58 Chile 59 China 60 Colombia 61 Comoros 62 Congo 63 Costa Rica 64 Côte d Ivoire 65 Croatia 66 Cuba 67 Democratic Republic 68 of the Congo Djibouti 69 Dominica 70 Dominican Republic 71 Ecuador 72 Egypt 73 El Salvador 74 Equatorial Guinea 75 Ethiopia 76 European Communities 1 77 Fiji 78 FYR of Macedonia 79 Gabon 80 Gambia 81 Georgia 82 Ghana 83 Grenada 84 Guatemala 85 Guinea 86 Guinea-Bissau 87 Guyana 88 Haiti 89 Honduras 90 Hong Kong, China 91 Iceland 92 India 93 Indonesia 94 Iran, Islamic Republic of 95 Israel 96 Jamaica 97 Japan 98 Jordan 99 Kazakhstan 100 Kenya 101 Korea, Republic of 102 Kuwait 103 Kyrgyz Republic 104 Lao People s Dem. Republic 105 Lebanon 106 Lesotho 107 Macao, China 108 Madagascar 109 Malawi 110 Malaysia 111 Maldives 112 Mali 113 Mauritania 114 Mauritius 115 Mexico 116 Moldova 117 Mongolia 118 Montenegro 119 Morocco 120 Mozambique 121 Myanmar 122 1 The information provided by the European Communities covers its 27 members states in the year 2007. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 ix

Index of country page tables Namibia 123 Nepal 124 New Zealand 125 Nicaragua 126 Niger 127 Nigeria 128 Norway 129 Oman 130 Pakistan 131 Panama 132 Papua New Guinea 133 Paraguay 134 Peru 135 Philippines 136 Qatar 137 Russian Federation 138 Rwanda 139 Saint Kitts and Nevis 140 Saint Lucia 141 Saint Vincent and the 142 Grenadines Saudi Arabia 143 Senegal 144 Serbia 145 Seychelles 146 Sierra Leone 147 Singapore 148 Solomon Islands 149 South Africa 150 Sri Lanka 151 Sudan 152 Suriname 153 Swaziland 154 Switzerland 2 155 Chinese Taipei 156 Tanzania 157 Thailand 158 Togo 159 Tonga 160 Trinidad and Tobago 161 Tunisia 162 Turkey 163 Uganda 164 Ukraine 165 United Arab Emirates 166 United States 167 Uruguay 168 Uzbekistan 169 Vanuatu 170 Viet Nam 171 Zambia 172 Zimbabwe 173 2 The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechstenstein. x WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

Abbreviations and Notations used Abbreviations used AVG Ag AVE HS Max MFN NAV Non-Ag SSG TL UV Average Ad valorem equivalent Harmonized System (nomenclature) Maximum duty Most favoured nation Non-ad valorem duty Special safeguards Tariff line Unit value Notations used - Not applicable 0 = 0 (not rounded) 0.0 > 0 and < 0.05 100 = 100 (not rounded) 100.0 > 99.95 and < 100 Blank Italics US$ Bound or applied duties and/or imports are not available at all for a given country or customs territory. Maxima, based on AVE estimates are printed in italics; this also applies in cases when the ad valorem is part of a compound or mixed duty as ceiling or floor. United States dollar WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 xi

General Note In the comparison of bound and applied duties within countries and across countries, the following caveats need to be taken into account besides that of the effects of different nomenclature breakdowns. These are: (1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindings not fully implemented; and (3) AVEs. While binding commitments cover all agricultural products, in principle, this is not always the case for nonagricultural goods. There are a number of WTO Members where the binding coverage for non-agricultural products is less and sometimes much less than 100 per cent. Also a number of developed countries have not yet fully bound all the tariff lines in their schedules. Any comparison of bound and applied tariff indicators is only valid in cases of full binding coverage. For most WTO Members, except the most recently acceded ones, all commitments dating back to the Uruguay Round have by now been implemented. In cases where commitments are not yet fully implemented, one may see MFN applied averages or maxima exceeding the corresponding bound duty indicators. Last but not least, the calculation of AVEs may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. In other cases, bound duties have been expressed in a way that is not directly comparable with the currently used applied duties. In a number of cases, the estimated MFN applied AVEs were adjusted when the corresponding bound tariff lines were defined in ad valorem terms. In these cases, the corresponding bound ad valorem duty was used as ceiling for the AVE estimate. xii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

tables TECHNICAL NOTES Only duties and imports recorded under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken into account. National tariff lines that do not follow the corresponding standard HS nomenclature at the level of HS six-digit subheadings used by the country for the reference year were discarded and not taken into account. All calculations are based on the complete standard nomenclature. All simple averages are based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit averages. Preaggregation means that duties at the tariff line level are first averaged to HS six-digit subheadings. Subsequent calculations are based on these pre-aggregated averages. To the extent possible, non-ad valorem duties are converted into ad valorem equivalents. The methodology used for the conversion is in Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles 2006. Description of column headings Column headings Year of MFN applied tariff Binding coverage Simple average Duty-free Non-ad valorem duties Description or method of calculation Calendar year or start of fiscal year. Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0. Simple average of the ad valorem or AVE HS six-digit duty averages. Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total number of subheadings in the product group. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken into account on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-ad valorem duties. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is subject to non-ad valorem duties the percentage share of these tariff lines is used. Duties > 15 % Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than 15 per cent. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Duties > 3 * AVG Concessions not yet implemented in 2008 Maximum duty Number of distinct duty rates Coefficient of variation Number of MFN applied tariff lines Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than three times the national average. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet implemented in 2008. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties the calculation is made on a pro rata basis. Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE. Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are always treated as distinct because AVE calculations would always yield distinct AVEs. For this indicator, however, duties not provided are not included in the count. Standard deviation of tariff line duty rates divided by the simple tariff line level average of all duty rates. Includes only ad valorem duties or AVEs. Total number of MFN applied tariff lines. SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 1

All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Afghanistan 2008 5.6 0.5 0 3.2 Albania 2008 100 7.0 5.2 28.2 35.2 0 0 15.8 0 Algeria 2008 18.6 1.4 0 40.7 Angola 2008 100 59.2 7.3 0 0.0 0 0 99.3 10.0 Antigua and Barbuda 2008 97.9 58.7 9.7 0 10.6 0 0 97.9 24.2 Argentina 2008 100 31.9 11.6 0.0 13.1 0 11.3 97.8 35.8 Armenia 2008 100 8.5 2.9 36.3 71.5 0 0.4 0 0 Australia 2008 97.0 9.9 3.5 20.9 48.8 0.3 0.3 13.4 4.1 Azerbaijan 2008 9.1 1.5 1.1 0.5 Bahamas 2007 29.9 8.7 0.1 86.7 Bahrain 2008 73.6 34.4 5.2 2.8 8.6 0 0.2 70.8 0.5 Bangladesh 2008 15.5 169.2 14.8 0.0 3.7 0 0.5 15.1 39.9 Barbados 2007 97.9 78.1 13.5 0 4.6 0 0.5 97.9 25.4 Belarus 2008 10.8 8.5 12.1 17.7 Belize 2008 98.0 58.2 10.8 0 9.6 0 0.5 98.0 24.9 Benin 2008 39.4 28.3 11.9 0.6 1.6 0 0 17.7 40.0 Bermuda 2008 18.1 4.9 0.5 67.6 Bhutan 2007 21.9 3.8 0 62.9 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 2008 100.0 36.5 13.3 0 0.6 0 0 99.0 28.3 Bolivia 2008 100 40.0 8.3 0 5.6 0 0 100.0 0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 6.8 30.1 3.0 2.7 Botswana 2008 96.6 18.9 7.8 14.8 59.5 0 2.3 39.6 21.0 Brazil 2008 100 31.4 13.6 1.0 5.3 0 0 96.4 35.8 Brunei Darussalam 2008 95.3 25.4 2.5 0 81.0 0.3 0.3 95.2 9.3 Burkina Faso 2008 39.2 41.9 11.9 0.6 1.6 0 0 17.5 40.0 Burundi 2008 21.8 68.3 12.7 0.7 0.1 0 0 18.6 20.3 Cambodia 2007 100 19.0 14.2 1.0 5.5 0 0 44.5 18.9 Cameroon 2008 13.3 79.9 17.8 0 2.4 0 0 13.3 47.4 Canada 2008 99.7 6.5 4.7 38.2 56.8 2.6 2.9 7.1 6.7 Cape Verde 2008 100.0 15.8 10.4 4.8 43.8 0 0 44.1 31.6 Central African Republic 2007 62.5 36.2 17.9 0 0.6 0 0 62.5 46.9 Chad 2007 13.5 79.9 17.9 0 0.6 0 0 13.5 46.9 Chile 2008 100 25.1 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 100.0 0.1 China 2008 100 10.0 9.6 6.6 7.4 0 0.4 16.4 14.7 Colombia 2008 100 42.9 12.5 0 2.1 0 0 100.0 28.0 Comoros 2008 11.3 13.7 0 1.1 Congo 2007 16.1 27.3 17.9 0 0.6 0 0 14.1 46.9 Costa Rica 2008 100 42.8 6.4 2.5 2.2 0 0 95.5 1.2 Côte d'ivoire 2008 33.1 11.1 11.9 0.6 1.6 0 0 2.6 40.0 Croatia 2008 100 6.2 4.8 26.8 48.9 1.8 1.9 3.3 3.4 Cuba 2008 30.9 21.3 10.7 2.1 5.9 0 0 14.0 9.7 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2008 100 96.2 12.0 0 0 0 0 99.0 35.2 Djibouti 2008 100 41.0 27.8 0.0 0.1 0 0 99.6 87.4 Dominica 2007 94.8 58.7 9.9 0 23.7 0 0 94.8 23.9 Dominican Republic 2008 100 34.9 7.1 0 56.0 0 0 92.1 27.5 Ecuador 2008 100.0 21.7 11.3 0 23.1 0 0 71.7 29.4 Egypt 2008 99.3 36.8 16.7 2.5 8.1 0.2 0.2 71.0 19.3 El Salvador 2008 100 36.5 5.9 2.8 50.6 0 0 97.2 2.3 Equatorial Guinea 2007 17.9 0.6 0 46.9 Ethiopia 2008 17.3 4.3 0 50.8 European Communities 2008 100 5.5 5.6 28.9 26.7 4.8 5.4 4.6 4.6 Fiji 2008 52.3 41.8 11.7 0 3.2 0.3 2.8 52.2 15.7 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2008 100 7.2 7.7 38.1 36.7 1.3 1.5 11.7 11.9 Gabon 2008 100 21.4 17.8 0 2.3 0 0 14.3 46.9 Gambia 2008 13.7 102.0 19.0 0 0.7 0 0 13.7 91.7 Georgia 2008 100.0 7.4 1.4 22.5 90.9 0.3 0.3 1.9 0.3 2 WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0.3 40 12 65 5,208 Afghanistan 0 0 5.2 20 15 8 7 95 107 10,178 Albania 0 30 4 56 5,904 Algeria 0 2.5 0 80 30 5 7 8 92 5,201 Angola 0.2 6.1 0 220 70 31 11 39 94 6,617 Antigua and Barbuda 0 2.2 0 35 35 17 258 23 78 9,714 Argentina 0 28.3 0 15 15 8 15 85 163 5,870 Armenia 6.0 4.1 0 55 305 68 19 112 207 6,002 Australia 0.5 279 83 100 10,671 Azerbaijan 0.3 210 27 45 6,042 Bahamas 0.3 0.5 0 200 200 4 13 41 189 7,101 Bahrain 0 0 0 200 25 14 32 39 59 6,434 Bangladesh 0.4 5.4 0 247 216 29 53 33 153 6,872 Barbados 0.9 456 429 108 11,016 Belarus 0 7.9 0 110 110 4 25 32 113 6,460 Belize 0.9 0 0 100 20 14 4 94 57 5,548 Benin 0.5 787 36 108 5,152 Bermuda 0.6 100 8 64 5,238 Bhutan 2.0 0.9 0 135 40 44 8 41 61 6,944 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 0 0 0 40 10 2 3 1 36 7,157 Bolivia 2.4 239 183 159 10,424 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.6 9.0 0 597 346 56 157 138 154 6,671 Botswana 0 0 0 55 35 32 18 27 72 9,765 Brazil 0.1 11.2 0 > 1000 168 34 37 156 210 10,689 Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 100 20 12 4 105 57 5,548 Burkina Faso 0 0 0 100 30 11 6 64 74 5,556 Burundi 0.1 0 0.4 60 35 23 4 55 73 10,689 Cambodia 0 0 0 80 30 2 5 2 53 6,125 Cameroon 0.8 6.7 0 734 718 559 299 361 418 8,431 Canada 2.1 6.0 58.4 55 50 12 7 81 125 5,584 Cape Verde 0 0 0 70 30 7 5 25 53 5,493 Central African Republic 0 0 0 80 30 2 5 1 53 5,493 Chad 0.1 0 0 98 16 7 4 8 9 7,714 Chile 1.4 2.2 0.1 65 65 54 94 76 79 7,767 China 2.2 0.4 0 227 80 49 13 54 64 7,237 Colombia 0 20 4 53 5,379 Comoros 0 0 0 30 30 3 5 26 53 5,493 Congo 0.1 1.1 0 233 151 18 23 36 138 9,520 Costa Rica 0.1 0 0 64 20 15 4 58 57 5,548 Côte d'ivoire 2.6 4.8 0 85 83 267 304 106 131 10,672 Croatia 0 0 0 62 30 29 13 77 68 5,410 Cuba 0 0 0 100 30 8 4 18 51 5,794 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.5 0 0 450 33 14 7 47 31 5,589 Djibouti 0 7.0 0 150 165 3 22 43 159 6,479 Dominica 0 0.7 0 99 40 12 8 28 125 6,752 Dominican Republic 0.2 0.1 0 86 35 18 9 37 87 7,229 Ecuador 0.4 0.4 0 > 1000 > 1000 38 23 406 863 5,494 Egypt 0.2 2.3 0 164 164 15 11 36 140 6,615 El Salvador 0 30 5 53 5,493 Equatorial Guinea 0 35 6 67 5,467 Ethiopia 4.3 4.1 0 239 236 1167 932 217 196 10,513 European Communities 0.2 0.9 0 > 1000 > 1000 33 154 95 345 5,782 Fiji 4.1 8.4 4.9 75 75 346 155 123 119 9,919 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0 0 0 60 30 2 5 74 54 5,593 Gabon 0 0 0 110 20 9 4 22 18 5,052 Gambia 0.6 8.9 0 684 684 44 33 189 514 10,906 Georgia SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 3

All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ghana 2008 14.3 92.5 13.0 0 11.9 0 0.0 14.3 43.0 Grenada 2008 100 56.8 10.2 0.3 5.0 0 0 99.7 24.6 Guatemala 2008 100 42.2 5.6 0 50.9 0 0 96.1 0.9 Guinea 2008 38.9 20.1 11.8 0.6 3.3 0 0 17.3 39.7 Guinea Bissau 2008 97.8 48.6 11.9 0 1.6 0 0 97.8 40.0 Guyana 2008 100 56.7 10.9 0 9.5 0 0 100.0 24.9 Haiti 2008 89.2 18.7 2.8 5.1 68.2 9.3 0 53.3 0.0 Honduras 2008 100 32.6 5.6 0 50.6 0 0 91.6 0.7 Hong Kong, China 2008 45.8 0 0 45.8 100.0 0 0 0 0 Iceland 2008 95.0 23.5 7.3 43.6 74.9 3.1 2.4 32.3 4.0 India 2008 73.8 49.0 13.0 2.8 3.7 5.3 5.1 70.2 17.3 Indonesia 2007 96.6 37.1 6.9 2.5 22.3 0.0 0.2 90.7 2.7 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2008 26.0 0 0 45.2 Israel 2008 75.1 22.0 6.8 8.5 56.7 5.9 4.7 21.3 5.0 Jamaica 2007 100 49.6 7.5 0.6 65.9 0.0 0 83.8 24.7 Japan 2008 99.6 5.4 5.4 55.1 53.7 3.5 6.3 3.7 3.6 Jordan 2008 100.0 16.3 10.8 6.5 50.3 0.1 0.1 47.7 35.8 Kazakhstan 2008 6.0 24.1 8.5 3.6 Kenya 2008 14.6 95.7 12.6 0 37.2 0 0.2 14.6 40.7 Korea, Republic of 2008 94.6 17.0 12.2 14.1 15.5 0.5 0.6 20.1 8.3 Kuwait 2008 100.0 100.0 4.7 0 8.6 0 0.2 100.0 0.2 Kyrgyz Republic 2008 99.9 7.5 4.7 20.2 48.2 0.5 0.3 3.0 0.4 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2008 9.7 0 0 13.4 Lebanon 2007 6.8 39.5 6.0 9.6 Lesotho 2008 100 78.6 7.8 0 59.5 0 2.6 100.0 21.0 Macao, China 2008 26.8 0 0 26.8 100.0 0 0 0 0 Madagascar 2008 29.7 27.4 12.5 0.0 1.9 0 0 27.4 38.3 Malawi 2008 31.2 75.9 13.0 0 9.8 0 0 31.2 36.9 Malaysia 2008 83.7 25.7 8.8 6.2 57.1 2.8 0.7 36.4 22.1 Maldives 2008 97.1 36.9 20.4 0 0.1 0 0.0 97.1 59.4 Mali 2008 40.2 28.5 11.9 0.6 1.6 0 0 18.6 40.0 Mauritania 2007 39.3 19.7 11.9 0.6 4.6 0 0 17.7 37.6 Mauritius 2008 17.9 93.8 2.9 3.2 87.7 0 2.8 14.6 5.5 Mexico 2008 100 36.1 12.6 0.3 15.9 0.9 0.7 98.6 26.3 Moldova 2008 100.0 7.0 4.7 24.6 47.4 1.1 1.1 2.5 1.4 Mongolia 2008 100 17.6 5.0 1.5 0.9 0 0 77.9 0.0 Montenegro 2008 4.9 5.1 1.1 4.8 Morocco 2008 100 41.3 21.4 0.0 0.0 0 0 99.5 43.9 Mozambique 2008 13.6 97.5 10.1 0 2.9 0 0 13.3 33.5 Myanmar 2007 17.4 83.3 5.6 0.9 3.5 0.1 0 14.3 5.4 Namibia 2008 96.6 19.2 7.8 14.9 59.5 0 2.3 39.5 21.0 Nepal 2008 99.4 26.0 12.7 2.7 0.1 0 0.3 88.2 14.1 New Zealand 2008 99.9 10.0 2.2 47.7 63.1 1.9 0.1 30.8 0.0 Nicaragua 2007 100 41.7 5.6 0 51.3 0 0 99.9 0.8 Niger 2008 96.8 44.3 11.9 0.6 1.6 0 0 75.4 40.0 Nigeria 2008 19.3 118.4 12.0 0 10.8 0 0 19.3 40.5 Norway 2008 100 20.8 8.2 46.2 87.9 10.6 8.3 6.4 5.1 Oman 2008 100 13.8 5.7 6.6 8.7 0 0.2 3.4 1.1 Pakistan 2008 98.7 59.9 13.5 0 6.0 0.0 0.7 95.0 36.9 Panama 2008 100.0 23.5 7.2 2.1 36.0 0 0 71.1 1.3 Papua New Guinea 2008 100 32.1 4.9 0 78.7 0.9 0.2 71.7 13.8 Paraguay 2008 100 33.4 11.6 0 6.2 0 0 94.8 31.6 Peru 2008 100 30.1 6.1 0 47.1 0 0 100.0 16.5 Philippines 2008 66.8 25.6 6.3 2.6 2.3 0 0 55.8 3.2 Qatar 2008 100 16.0 5.1 0.9 8.6 0 0.2 18.6 0.5 Russian Federation 2008 10.8 10.8 11.8 17.8 4 WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 0 0 99 20 6 8 21 55 5,865 Ghana 0.7 5.1 0 200 40 8 10 39 91 6,308 Grenada 0.6 0.9 0 257 40 25 8 44 109 6,561 Guatemala 0.1 0 0 75 20 15 4 77 58 5,763 Guinea 0 0 0 50 20 2 4 7 57 5,548 Guinea Bissau 0 7.7 0 100 100 3 15 32 112 6,307 Guyana 0.0 17.3 0 70 58 909 6 59 165 5,294 Haiti 0 0.7 0 60 164 20 13 23 130 6,630 Honduras 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,946 Hong Kong, China 5.3 3.4 0 577 506 417 278 250 439 7,982 Iceland 4.9 2.7 0 300 150 356 306 82 125 11,893 India 0.4 1.4 0 210 150 20 29 35 162 8,732 Indonesia 6.8 400 23 108 6,650 Iran, Islamic Republic of 6.9 4.2 0 939 753 711 448 202 253 8,485 Israel 0 8.3 0 100 100 12 12 48 142 6,831 Jamaica 3.5 3.4 0 781 781 595 487 450 452 9,075 Japan 0.5 0.5 20.4 200 180 24 30 97 135 6,206 Jordan 3.2 456 285 155 11,078 Kazakhstan 0 0.7 0 100 100 5 13 15 94 5,260 Kenya 2.5 2.7 1.8 887 887 185 120 324 409 11,835 Korea, Republic of 0 0.2 0 100 100 1 3 0 110 7,101 Kuwait 0.1 2.1 0 213 195 94 19 78 111 10,954 Kyrgyz Republic 8.1 40 7 86 10,690 Lao People's Democratic Republic 6.5 808 281 275 5,709 Lebanon 0 9.0 0 200 141 2 157 60 138 13,348 Lesotho 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,345 Macao, China 0 0 0 30 20 13 5 20 50 6,362 Madagascar 0 0 0 125 25 10 6 54 73 5,397 Malawi 1.8 7.7 0 > 1000 > 1000 343 87 341 274 12,322 Malaysia 2.5 1.0 0 300 200 2 14 116 61 9,082 Maldives 0 0 0 75 20 13 4 86 57 5,548 Mali 1.5 0 0 75 20 13 4 88 59 5,946 Mauritania 0 11.7 0 122 286 5 283 58 333 12,516 Mauritius 0.8 1.4 0 254 254 111 83 35 139 12,079 Mexico 0.6 7.6 0 162 162 76 109 90 145 9,809 Moldova 0.0 0.1 0 75 25 12 4 35 15 5,445 Mongolia 6.8 80 78 128 9,768 Montenegro 1.3 1.1 0 289 304 48 42 60 97 17,764 Morocco 0 0 0 100 20 3 6 16 72 5,203 Mozambique 0.5 5.4 0 550 40 30 15 107 127 10,689 Myanmar 3.1 9.0 0 597 346 57 157 138 154 6,671 Namibia 0.5 3.2 0.2 200 200 13 36 49 92 5,259 Nepal 7.4 5.0 0 402 45 318 8 132 136 7,293 New Zealand 0.1 0.8 0 200 164 7 12 24 131 6,939 Nicaragua 3.0 0 0 200 20 13 4 75 57 5,548 Niger 0 1.9 0 150 50 7 5 40 77 5,533 Nigeria 6.0 4.7 0 > 1000 > 1000 904 701 333 441 7,035 Norway 1.3 1.1 2.4 200 200 14 10 138 215 7,101 Oman 0.0 0.7 0 200 95 16 58 38 81 6,910 Pakistan 0.3 1.1 1.9 260 260 46 35 53 136 8,943 Panama 0.6 20.7 0 313 213 59 22 60 230 5,455 Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 35 28 6 22 23 66 9,721 Paraguay 0 0.2 0 68 20 2 4 8 109 7,351 Peru 0.0 3.2 0 80 65 19 15 50 114 8,871 Philippines 0.7 0.5 0.9 200 200 15 9 105 196 7,101 Qatar 1.5 456 598 117 11,130 Russian Federation SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 5

Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Country/Territory MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Afghanistan 2008 5.8 1.2 0 9.0 Albania 2008 9.4 7.8 10.9 11.2 0 0 15.4 0 Algeria 2008 23.3 0.2 0 69.5 Angola 2008 52.8 10.0 0 0 0 0 94.7 8.6 Antigua and Barbuda 2008 105.0 15.0 0 26.1 0 0 100.0 40.8 Argentina 2008 32.5 10.3 0.1 6.1 0 0 95.8 15.7 Armenia 2008 14.7 6.9 1.3 32.1 0 2.9 0 0 Australia 2008 3.3 1.3 32.5 74.9 1.6 1.4 3.5 0.6 Azerbaijan 2008 13.8 0.7 5.6 2.8 Bahamas 2007 23.6 20.3 0.1 69.2 Bahrain 2008 38.9 8.6 0 21.2 0 1.3 100.0 3.6 Bangladesh 2008 192.0 17.6 0 9.3 0 0.6 99.3 57.0 Barbados 2007 111.1 31.0 0 10.4 0 3.3 100.0 48.5 Belarus 2008 13.3 5.8 27.8 15.1 Belize 2008 101.4 20.7 0 12.9 0 3.6 100.0 46.7 Benin 2008 61.8 14.5 0 0 0 0 98.2 58.5 Bermuda 2008 12.8 16.5 3.2 19.4 Bhutan 2007 41.4 0 0 96.5 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 2008 55.7 16.8 0 0 0 0 99.0 43.0 Bolivia 2008 40.0 9.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 12.4 33.8 22.1 20.1 Botswana 2008 38.8 9.4 22.4 44.3 0 14.9 71.7 25.2 Brazil 2008 35.5 10.2 2.9 6.3 0 0 95.6 15.1 Brunei Darussalam 2008 31.0 0.1 0 98.4 2.3 1.3 96.5 0.0 Burkina Faso 2008 98.1 14.5 0 0 0 0 98.3 58.5 Burundi 2008 95.1 10.5 3.1 0 0 0 96.0 20.7 Cambodia 2007 28.1 18.1 0 5.1 0 0 72.1 35.2 Cameroon 2008 80.0 22.3 0 1.2 0 0 100.0 69.2 Canada 2008 14.5 11.5 50.1 56.7 17.8 20.3 6.1 6.1 Cape Verde 2008 19.3 12.1 0 30.7 0 0 61.8 39.4 Central African Republic 2007 30.0 21.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 66.3 Chad 2007 80.0 21.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 66.3 Chile 2008 26.0 6.1 0 0 0 0 100.0 0.6 China 2008 15.8 15.6 5.8 5.9 0 0.3 35.8 34.8 Colombia 2008 91.8 16.9 0 0.0 0 0 99.9 43.1 Comoros 2008 5.6 27.5 0 7.1 Congo 2007 30.0 21.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 66.3 Costa Rica 2008 42.5 12.5 0 0 0 0 89.0 8.8 Côte d'ivoire 2008 14.9 14.5 0.1 0 0 0 1.0 58.5 Croatia 2008 10.8 10.3 16.3 26.2 13.8 14.4 22.8 23.3 Cuba 2008 37.0 10.9 4.6 9.0 0 0 92.5 18.3 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2008 98.1 12.8 0 0 0 0 99.7 37.7 Djibouti 2008 48.4 21.1 0 0.7 0 0 99.7 72.1 Dominica 2007 112.2 20.5 0 25.8 0 0 100.0 45.0 Dominican Republic 2008 39.6 12.8 0 32.9 0 0 98.8 53.0 Ecuador 2008 25.6 15.0 0 11.4 0 0 85.4 43.8 Egypt 2008 96.1 66.4 0 13.7 1.3 1.3 67.0 26.5 El Salvador 2008 42.2 12.3 0 24.7 0 0 100.0 12.6 Equatorial Guinea 2007 21.9 0 0 66.3 Ethiopia 2008 22.4 1.3 0 70.6 European Communities 2008 15.9 16.0 32.5 29.6 32.0 36.6 28.9 27.8 Fiji 2008 47.2 23.7 0 3.0 2.3 5.1 99.8 16.4 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2008 13.2 13.7 34.8 33.3 9.2 10.4 31.5 32.8 Gabon 2008 60.0 21.8 0 0.2 0 0 100.0 66.2 Gambia 2008 103.5 18.9 0 1.1 0 0 100.0 92.9 Georgia 2008 13.6 8.3 8.3 48.8 2.5 2.5 12.7 2.1 8 WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0.8 40 8 87 684 Afghanistan 0 0 0 20 15 6 7 58 58 2,090 Albania 0 30 4 47 784 Algeria 0 0 0 55 30 3 6 18 71 693 Angola 0 0.3 0 220 45 9 10 16 90 1,078 Antigua and Barbuda 0 0.5 0 35 32 13 15 22 52 944 Argentina 0 0 0 15 15 5 13 13 71 709 Armenia 9.2 23.7 0 29 23 36 8 145 178 748 Australia 1.6 152 69 89 2,170 Azerbaijan 0.4 210 16 73 972 Bahamas 2.2 3.6 0 200 200 3 13 63 297 1,122 Bahrain 0 0 0 200 25 7 8 19 49 967 Bangladesh 0 9.7 0 223 216 14 46 23 129 1,146 Barbados 2.2 456 282 116 2,335 Belarus 0 3.0 0 110 110 3 18 4 100 1,055 Belize 0 0 0 100 20 7 3 20 46 786 Benin 2.6 787 28 385 682 Bermuda 0 100 6 42 708 Bhutan 0 0 0 135 40 39 7 60 52 939 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 0 0 0 40 10 2 2 1 10 956 Bolivia 10.9 239 178 141 2,077 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.7 7.4 0 597 141 51 118 154 136 911 Botswana 0 0 0 55 20 21 13 31 51 945 Brazil 1.1 1.6 0 > 1000 50 32 14 296 1,001 1,208 Brunei Darussalam 0 0 0 100 20 6 3 13 46 786 Burkina Faso 0 0 0 100 30 5 4 23 95 777 Burundi 0 0 0.1 60 35 13 4 43 72 1,208 Cambodia 0 0 0 80 30 1 5 0 43 875 Cameroon 3.8 4.2 0 734 718 476 281 304 307 1,367 Canada 0 4.7 65.4 55 50 11 7 60 107 763 Cape Verde 0 0 0 30 30 1 4 0 45 814 Central African Republic 0 0 0 80 30 1 4 0 45 814 Chad 0.6 0 0 98 16 3 3 22 17 1,048 Chile 3.1 3.2 0.4 65 65 36 49 73 75 1,087 China 0 2.6 0 227 80 47 10 38 71 965 Colombia 7.1 20 4 100 713 Comoros 0 0 0 30 30 1 4 0 45 814 Congo 1.0 6.1 0 233 151 14 20 63 126 1,506 Costa Rica 0.9 0 0 64 20 8 3 38 46 786 Côte d'ivoire 7.3 7.7 0 85 83 263 297 91 87 2,522 Croatia 0 0 0 40 30 8 12 28 82 746 Cuba 0 0 0 100 20 4 3 13 45 747 Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.7 0 0 450 33 10 5 98 48 782 Djibouti 0 4.0 0 150 150 3 18 20 130 1,054 Dominica 0 3.1 0 99 40 12 7 27 81 1,007 Dominican Republic 0.7 0 0 86 30 16 7 42 52 953 Ecuador 2.2 2.3 0 > 1000 > 1000 30 21 451 599 743 Egypt 1.2 7.4 0 164 164 13 9 49 123 980 El Salvador 0 30 4 45 814 Equatorial Guinea 0 35 6 48 729 Ethiopia 9.1 8.1 0 239 236 1090 874 144 128 2,797 European Communities 1.1 2.7 0 > 1000 > 1000 33 52 158 362 751 Fiji 10.4 7.1 0 75 75 327 136 93 92 2,089 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0 0 0 60 30 1 5 0 45 834 Gabon 0 0 0 110 20 6 4 21 22 665 Gambia 0.3 1.5 0 684 684 42 33 239 235 2,200 Georgia SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 9

Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ghana 2008 97.1 17.4 0 2.8 0 0 100.0 76.5 Grenada 2008 101.0 16.9 2.1 12.3 0 0 97.9 43.8 Guatemala 2008 51.3 9.9 0 24.4 0 0 98.0 4.2 Guinea 2008 39.7 14.2 0 3.2 0 0 98.3 56.9 Guinea Bissau 2008 40.0 14.5 0 0 0 0 100.0 58.5 Guyana 2008 100.0 21.7 0 10.6 0 0 100.0 49.2 Haiti 2008 21.3 5.7 16.8 39.2 8.8 0 65.0 0 Honduras 2008 32.3 10.7 0 23.7 0 0 94.6 5.1 Hong Kong, China 2008 0 0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0 Iceland 2008 109.1 40.5 26.0 62.7 23.1 18.0 61.6 30.3 India 2008 114.2 32.2 0 5.4 0.3 0.3 98.5 81.2 Indonesia 2007 47.1 8.5 0 13.5 0.2 1.4 99.2 4.9 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2008 28.9 0 0 56.1 Israel 2008 73.3 17.9 3.1 38.6 0.2 19.5 75.3 27.0 Jamaica 2007 97.1 17.9 1.9 41.5 0.3 0 97.1 48.2 Japan 2008 24.0 23.6 34.7 35.1 15.3 22.6 23.7 22.8 Jordan 2008 23.7 18.1 1.1 29.1 0.8 0.9 54.3 50.0 Kazakhstan 2008 13.2 6.0 20.9 19.0 Kenya 2008 100.0 19.9 0 16.0 0 1.1 100.0 68.0 Korea, Republic of 2008 59.3 49.0 2.3 5.1 3.4 4.1 72.5 51.2 Kuwait 2008 100.0 5.2 0 21.2 0 1.3 100.0 1.4 Kyrgyz Republic 2008 13.0 7.8 1.2 27.1 2.3 2.1 22.7 3.4 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2008 19.5 0 0 51.3 Lebanon 2007 19.5 18.5 9.8 25.4 Lesotho 2008 200.0 9.4 0 44.3 0 16.2 100.0 25.2 Macao, China 2008 0 0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0 Madagascar 2008 30.0 14.7 0 2.9 0 0 100.0 60.2 Malawi 2008 121.4 15.5 0 10.2 0 0 100.0 45.5 Malaysia 2008 83.4 14.7 13.5 67.5 20.4 4.9 27.4 9.3 Maldives 2008 48.2 18.3 0 0.5 0 0.2 100.0 28.0 Mali 2008 59.2 14.5 0 0 0 0 98.3 58.5 Mauritania 2007 37.7 10.1 0 18.2 0 0 98.3 33.0 Mauritius 2008 119.6 4.2 0 78.7 0 0.2 100.0 8.0 Mexico 2008 44.2 22.9 0.4 10.1 7.0 4.9 95.0 45.8 Moldova 2008 13.6 11.2 3.0 18.4 8.3 8.4 17.9 10.0 Mongolia 2008 18.9 5.1 0.7 0.8 0 0 74.0 0.2 Montenegro 2008 11.1 23.9 8.4 30.6 Morocco 2008 54.5 42.4 0 0 0 0 99.9 75.4 Mozambique 2008 100.0 13.8 0 0.7 0 0 100.0 60.4 Myanmar 2007 102.5 8.7 0.6 7.7 0.6 0 85.7 3.9 Namibia 2008 41.2 9.4 23.0 44.3 0 14.9 71.1 25.2 Nepal 2008 41.5 14.8 0 0 0 1.7 96.4 10.4 New Zealand 2008 5.7 1.4 55.7 71.0 0.2 0.3 12.4 0 Nicaragua 2007 43.5 11.1 0 23.4 0 0 100.0 6.0 Niger 2008 83.2 14.5 0 0 0 0 98.3 58.5 Nigeria 2008 150.0 15.2 0 0 0 0 100.0 57.6 Norway 2008 136.3 59.0 29.0 45.2 65.4 62.5 48.2 38.5 Oman 2008 28.0 12.4 0 21.2 0 1.4 11.3 8.0 Pakistan 2008 95.6 15.4 0 13.7 0.1 5.0 92.9 39.4 Panama 2008 27.7 13.4 0.4 25.6 0 0 79.9 9.6 Papua New Guinea 2008 45.1 13.9 0 47.7 6.1 1.8 80.1 35.1 Paraguay 2008 33.2 10.2 0 6.2 0 0 93.6 15.2 Peru 2008 30.8 10.0 0 20.3 0 0 100.0 35.3 Philippines 2008 34.7 9.7 0 0.1 0 0 90.0 13.3 Qatar 2008 25.8 8.5 0 21.2 0 1.3 23.4 3.6 Russian Federation 2008 14.2 5.8 26.0 16.7 10 WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 0 0 99 20 3 3 10 28 799 Ghana 0 0 0 200 40 7 10 31 83 1,026 Grenada 4.0 1.5 0 257 40 21 8 81 73 938 Guatemala 0 0 0 75 20 6 4 14 49 806 Guinea 0 0 0 50 20 2 3 1 46 786 Guinea Bissau 0 4.1 0 100 100 1 10 0 97 1,029 Guyana 0.3 0 0 70 15 105 5 72 102 721 Haiti 0 3.6 0 60 164 14 13 24 122 983 Honduras 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 939 Hong Kong, China 11.9 10.7 0 577 506 407 276 130 241 1,794 Iceland 0 5.7 0 300 150 19 21 46 88 1,477 India 3.4 2.8 0 210 150 16 21 52 246 1,162 Indonesia 3.6 400 22 107 838 Iran, Islamic Republic of 2.8 8.1 0 560 275 122 257 91 166 1,255 Israel 0 1.5 0 100 100 6 12 17 98 1,211 Jamaica 6.4 5.5 0 781 781 342 314 264 276 1,710 Japan 3.6 2.9 21.7 200 180 22 26 135 144 849 Jordan 2.6 456 173 128 2,372 Kazakhstan 0 2.4 0 100 100 1 9 0 70 704 Kenya 7.3 7.5 0 887 887 156 98 219 254 1,583 Korea, Republic of 0 1.4 0 100 100 1 3 0 234 1,122 Kuwait 0.4 0.7 0 213 195 57 18 86 81 2,467 Kyrgyz Republic 0 40 6 69 1,208 Lao People's Democratic Republic 11.8 808 47 225 761 Lebanon 0 7.4 0 200 141 1 118 0 137 1,823 Lesotho 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 895 Macao, China 0 0 0 30 20 1 4 0 48 901 Madagascar 0 0 0 125 25 6 4 14 58 729 Malawi 9.9 5.0 0 > 1000 > 1000 333 79 260 412 1,597 Malaysia 6.7 0.2 0 300 103 2 8 141 42 1,188 Maldives 0 0 0 75 20 6 3 14 46 786 Mali 0 0 0 75 20 7 4 45 78 831 Mauritania 0 18.3 0 122 30 3 6 11 190 1,527 Mauritius 4.4 4.9 0 254 254 107 76 86 175 1,198 Mexico 1.2 1.9 0 162 162 72 105 71 98 2,122 Moldova 0.3 0.2 0 75 25 11 4 26 31 764 Mongolia 5.8 80 72 86 2,034 Montenegro 8.5 3.6 0 289 304 40 38 97 101 2,479 Morocco 0 0 0 100 20 1 4 0 59 723 Mozambique 3.5 3.2 0 550 40 29 12 93 98 1,208 Myanmar 1.7 7.4 0 597 141 52 118 147 136 911 Namibia 0.9 1.6 0 200 200 12 26 53 133 720 Nepal 9.3 29.0 0 35 5 65 4 112 133 1,005 New Zealand 0.6 4.8 0 200 164 6 12 46 116 1,063 Nicaragua 0 0 0 200 20 7 3 76 46 786 Niger 0 2.9 0 150 50 1 4 0 61 729 Nigeria 7.3 10.8 0 > 1000 > 1000 744 686 124 175 1,349 Norway 7.2 8.0 0 200 200 11 10 155 257 1,122 Oman 0 2.6 0 200 95 12 46 22 96 803 Pakistan 1.5 4.1 0 260 260 30 26 71 154 1,404 Panama 1.1 2.0 0 313 213 52 20 63 151 819 Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 35 25 6 16 19 52 944 Paraguay 0 0 0 68 20 2 4 21 64 966 Peru 0 10.0 0 80 65 17 15 33 110 1,261 Philippines 5.5 3.6 0 200 200 10 9 164 306 1,122 Qatar 4.0 456 361 120 2,477 Russian Federation SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 11

Tables Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Afghanistan 2008 5.5 0.4 0 2.3 Albania 2008 100 6.6 4.8 30.8 38.9 0 0 15.9 0 Algeria 2008 17.8 1.6 0 36.4 Angola 2008 100 60.1 6.9 0 0.0 0 0 100.0 10.2 Antigua and Barbuda 2008 97.6 51.4 8.9 0 8.3 0 0 97.6 21.6 Argentina 2008 100 31.8 11.9 0 14.2 0 13.1 98.1 38.8 Armenia 2008 100 7.5 2.2 41.6 77.5 0 0 0 0 Australia 2008 96.5 11.0 3.9 19.1 44.9 0.1 0.2 14.9 4.7 Azerbaijan 2008 8.4 1.6 0.4 0.2 Bahamas 2007 30.9 6.9 0.0 89.3 Bahrain 2008 69.6 33.4 4.7 3.2 6.7 0 0 66.3 0 Bangladesh 2008 2.6 34.4 14.3 0.0 2.8 0 0.5 2.3 37.3 Barbados 2007 97.6 72.9 10.8 0 3.7 0 0.0 97.6 21.9 Belarus 2008 10.5 8.9 9.7 18.1 Belize 2008 97.7 51.5 9.3 0 9.1 0 0.0 97.7 21.6 Benin 2008 30.1 11.4 11.5 0.7 1.9 0 0 5.4 37.2 Bermuda 2008 18.9 3.1 0.1 74.9 Bhutan 2007 18.9 4.3 0 57.8 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 2008 100 33.6 12.8 0 0.7 0 0 99.0 26.1 Bolivia 2008 100 40.0 8.1 0 6.4 0 0 100.0 0 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 6.0 29.5 0.1 0.1 Botswana 2008 96.1 15.7 7.6 13.6 61.8 0 0.4 34.7 20.4 Brazil 2008 100 30.8 14.1 0.7 5.2 0 0 96.5 39.0 Brunei Darussalam 2008 95.0 24.5 2.9 0 78.4 0 0.2 95.0 10.7 Burkina Faso 2008 29.9 13.1 11.5 0.7 1.9 0 0 5.2 37.2 Burundi 2008 9.9 26.6 13.1 0.4 0.1 0 0 6.7 20.3 Cambodia 2007 100 17.7 13.6 1.1 5.6 0 0 40.3 16.4 Cameroon 2008 0.1 50.0 17.1 0 2.6 0 0 0.1 44.1 Canada 2008 99.7 5.3 3.7 36.4 56.8 0.3 0.3 7.2 6.7 Cape Verde 2008 100.0 15.2 10.2 5.5 45.8 0 0 41.4 30.4 Central African Republic 2007 56.8 37.9 17.3 0 0.7 0 0 56.8 44.0 Chad 2007 0.3 75.0 17.3 0 0.7 0 0 0.2 44.0 Chile 2008 100 25.0 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 100.0 0 China 2008 100 9.1 8.7 6.8 7.6 0 0.5 13.5 11.6 Colombia 2008 100 35.4 11.8 0 2.4 0 0 100.0 25.7 Comoros 2008 12.2 11.6 0 0.1 Congo 2007 3.3 14.6 17.3 0 0.7 0 0 0.9 44.0 Costa Rica 2008 100 42.9 5.4 2.9 2.6 0 0 96.5 0 Côte d'ivoire 2008 22.9 8.6 11.5 0.7 1.9 0 0 2.8 37.2 Croatia 2008 100 5.5 4.0 28.5 52.3 0 0 0.3 0.3 Cuba 2008 20.4 9.4 10.7 1.7 5.5 0 0 2.0 8.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2008 100 95.9 11.9 0. 0 0 98.9 34.8 Djibouti 2008 100 39.9 28.8 0.0. 0 0 99.6 89.7 Dominica 2007 94.0 50.0 8.3 0 23.4 0 0 94.0 20.7 Dominican Republic 2008 100 34.2 6.2 0 59.5 0 0 91.0 23.7 Ecuador 2008 100.0 21.2 10.7 0 24.9 0 0 69.5 27.2 Egypt 2008 99.2 27.7 9. 2 2.8 7.3 0 0 71.7 18.2 El Salvador 2008 100 35.7 4.9 3.2 54.5 0 0 96.8 0.7 Equatorial Guinea 2007 17.3 0.7 0 44.0 Ethiopia 2008 16.6 4.8 0 47.8 European Communities 2008 100 3.9 4.0 28.4 26.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 Fiji 2008 45.0 40.0 9.9 0 3.3 0 2.4 45.0 15.6 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2008 100 6.3 6.8 38.6 37.2 0.1 0.1 8.7 8.7 Gabon 2008 100 15.5 17.1 0 2.6 0 0 1.2 44.0 Gambia 2008 0.5 56.1 19.0 0 0.7 0 0 0.5 91.5 Georgia 2008 100.0 6.5 0.3 24.7 97.3 0 0 0.3 0 14 WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES