ARC FLASH ANALYSIS STUDY IN INDUSTRY HARNA A/P ELAVARASU Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering with Power System Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG DECEMBER 2010
U IVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHA G BORA G PE GESAHA STATUS TESIS JUDUL: ARC FLASH A ALYSIS STUDY I I DUSTRY SESI PE GAJIA : 2010/2011 Saya, HAR A A/P ELAVARASU (870505-08-5572) (HURUF BESAR) mengaku membenarkan tesis (Sarjana Muda / Sarjana / Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Tesis ini adalah hakmilik Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). 2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. **Sila tandakan ( ) SULIT TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972) (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi / badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan) TIDAK TERHAD Disahkan oleh: (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA) Alamat Tetap: O.29, PSR DESA JAYA 4, TAMA SRI TA JO G, 31250 TG. RAMBUTA, IPOH, PERAK DARUL RIDZUA. OMAR BI ALIMA (Nama Penyelia) Tarikh: 29 OVEMBER 2010 Tarikh: 29 OVEMBER 2010 CATATAN: * Potong yang tidak berkenaan. ** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD. Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara Penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan, atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM)
vii TABLE OF CO TE T SUPERVISOR S DECLARATIO STUDE T S DECLARATIO ACK OWLEDGEME T ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CO TE T LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Page i ii iv v vi vii x xi CHAPTER 1 I TRODUCTIO 1.1 Arc Flash 1 1.2 Problems Statement 1 1.3 Objectives 2 1.4 Scopes of Project 2 1.5 Significant of Study 3 CHAPTER2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Arc Flash 4 2.2 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis 4 2.3 Arc Flash Analysis Calculation 6 2.3.1 Determine Arcing Current 6 2.3.2 Determine the Incident Energy 7 2.3.3 Determine the Flash Boundary 9 2.4 Issues to Consider When Performing IEEE 1854 Arc Flash Calculation 10 2.4.1 At what point in the system should arc flash hazard Calculations be performed? 10 2.4.2 Is the Over current Protective Device a fuse 11 2.4.3 What if the fuse is not one of the specific ones stated? 11
viii 2.5 Use of Other Existing Technologies for Reducing Arc Flash 11 2.6 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Requirement and Approach 12 2.7 Risk category of Personal Protective Equipment 13 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Step 1: Collect the system and installation data 14 3.3 Step 2: Determined the system modes of operation 15 3.4 Step 3: Determined the bolted fault currents 16 3.5 Step 4: Determine the arc fault current 16 3.6 Step 5: Find the protective device characteristics and the duration of the Arcs 16 3.7 Step 6: Document the system voltages and classes of equipment 17 3.8 Step 7: Select the working distance 17 3.9 Step 8: Determine the incident energy for all equipment 17 3.10 Step 9: Determine the flash protection boundary for all equipment 17 CHAPTER 4 RESULT A D DISCUSSIO 4.1 Collection and Installation Data 19 4.1.1 Utility 20 4.1.2 Bus 22 4.1.3 Transformer 23 4.1.4 Cable 25 4.1.5 Static Load 27 4.1.6 Motor 29 4.2 Load Flow Analysis 31 4.2.1 Run Load Flow Analysis 31 4.2.2 Load Flow Analysis Results 32 4.3 Short Circuit Analysis 43 4.3.1 Three Phase Short Circuit Analysis 43 4.3.2 Short Circuit Calculation 44 4.3.3 Short Circuit Analysis Result 48
ix 4.4 Arcing Fault Current 50 4.4.1 Application for under 1000V 50 4.4.2 Application for 1000V and Higher 52 4.5 Protection Coordination 53 4.5.1 Circuit Breaker with short time delay 53 4.6 System voltage and classes of equipment and selection of working distance 53 4.7 Determine the Incident Energy 56 4.8 Determine the Flash Boundary 58 4.9 Category of Personal Protective Equipment 60 4.10 ETAP Arc flash Calculator 62 4.11 Relationship Between each Procedure 64 CHAPTER 5 CO CLUSIO A D RECOMME DATIO 5.1 Conclusion 65 REFERE CES 67 Appendix 68
x LIST OF TABLES Table o. Title Page 2.1 Factors for equipment and voltage classes 10 3.1 Data required for equipment 15 4.1 Extracted result for software 34 4.2 Voltage drop at Motor with 1kW wattage 42 4.3 Voltage drop at Motor with 100kW wattage 42 4.4 Result for bolted fault current 48 4.5 Result of arcing fault current for buses with low voltage 51 4.6 Result of arcing fault current for the buses with high voltage 52 4.7 System voltage classes of equipment and selection of working distance for all buses 54 4.8 Result for incident energy in cal/cm 2 57 4.9 Result for Flash Boundary 59 4.10 Category of PPE 60
xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure o. TITLE PAGE 4.1 Power Grid Editor for utility 20 4.2 Power Grid Editor for short circuit analysis 21 4.3 Bus editor for load flow and short circuit analysis 22 4.4 Rating for 2-winding transformer editor 23 4.5 Tap for 2-winding transformer editor 24 4.6 Info about cable 25 4.7 Cable impedance 26 4.8 Loading part for Static load editor 27 4.9 Nameplate for Induction motor editor 29 4.10 System modeled in Etap 30 4.11 Toolbar for Etap analysis 31 4.12 Load flow analysis toolbar 31 4.13 Transformer 5 connected to load 3 33 4.14 Transformer 7 connected to load 5 34 4.15 Branch Loading (Transformer) report 35 4.16 Under voltage for bus voltage in out of range 37 4.17 Buses that in critical condition. 38 4.18 Buses that in marginally stable condition 39 4.19a Power of the Induction motor 1 is increased 41 4.19b Power of the Induction motor 2 and 3 is increased 41 4.20 Example of a simple system. 44 4.21 Arc Flash Calculator 63 4.22 Result from arc flash calculator 63