GIES 2008 Toward the Realization of Sustainable Mobility March 13, 2008 Toyota Motor Corporation Senior Technical Executive Hiroyuki Watanabe 1
CO 2 Emission from Transportation Sector Distribution by Sector (Japan, 2005) CO 2 Emission from Transportation Sector and reduction efforts Energy Conversion (6.1%) Residential (14.5%) Industries (38.6%) Offices/other (19.4%) CO 2 Emission BAU Business As Usual Reduction Target by 2010 Other 5.6 Mt Vehicle 21.0 Mt Traffic 28.3 Mt 54.9 million ton Transportation (21.3%) 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 2010 year Source: Ministry of the Environment Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 2
WBCSD: Mobility 2030 - Help maintain ecological balance - Narrow the mobility divide - Contribute to economic growth Mobility 2030: Meeting the Challenges to Sustainability, Released on July 5 th, 2004 3
Mobility 2030 : Seven Goals 1. Reduction of conventional pollutants 2. Limit transport related GHG emissions to sustainable levels 3. Reduce the total number of road vehicle-related deaths and serious injuries 4. Reduce transport-related noise 5. Mitigate congestion 6. Narrow the mobility opportunity divides 7. Enhance mobility opportunities for the general population
Economic Growth and Mobility Demand Japan (2000) $1= 250 (1985)
Km / litter 20 Average Mileage (Brand new cars sold in Japan) Improvement of Fuel Efficiency (Gasoline) 18 16 14 12 10 2015 Target 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 6
Low Emission Vehicle Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle: Hybrid vehicle with charging function from external electric power sources Gas Station Electric Outlet Engine Motor Fuel Tank Battery 7
Driving Speed vs Emission Index 100 80 60 CO2 Emission Index 100 80 60 NOx Emission 40 40 20 20 0 10km/h 30km/h 60km/h Average Speed 0 10km/h 30km/h 60km/h Average Speed Source: Japan Automobile Research Institute 8
Mobility Performance: Reality 60 Average speed (km / h) 50 40 30 20 10 Single-passenger Corolla in Tokyo Performance figure: 1.0 Single-passenger Tundra in LA Performance figure: 0.86 0 0 10 20 30 40 ~ 140 Energy consumption ratio (per passenger) (KJ / secperson)
Mobility Performance: Improvement Average speed (km / h) Tram 20 30 passengers Bicycle Walk 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Performance figure: 7 7 times Suburban driving Corolla, 2-4 passengers, IW = 1,200kg City driving Single-passenger vehicle, IW = 300kg Single-passenger Corolla in Tokyo Performance figure: 1.0 10 20 30 40 Energy consumption ratio (per passenger) Single-passenger Tundra in LA Performance figure: 0.86 ~ 30 passengers 6 passengers 1 passenger Large bus ~ (KJ / secperson) 140 10
Average speed (km / h) 60 50 40 30 Optimal combination of diverse transport modes Ubiquitous Technology Performance figure: 7 Tram 20 30 20 passengers Bicycle 10 Walk 0 0 Mobility Performance: Realization 7 times Suburban driving Corolla, 2-4 passengers, IW = 1,200kg City driving Single-passenger vehicle, IW = 300kg Single-passenger Corolla in Tokyo 10 20 30 40 Energy consumption ratio (per passenger) Single-passenger Tundra in LA Performance Performance figure: 0.86 figure: 1.0 30 passengers 6 passengers 1 passenger Large bus (KJ / sec-person) Smooth traffic flow Reduction of energy consumption Innovation of Mobile Units and Energy Conversion ~ ~ ~ 140 - Automated parking Combining urban transit innovation with urban development - Upgrading the urban and road infrastructure - Introduction of ITS - Transportation demand management (TDM) - Reducing size and weight, automated driving, and automated platoon operation - Plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel-cell vehicles 11
Transport Demand Management [Behavioral Change of People] Modal shift ( 2,000 cars to public transport ) Flexible working hours Park and ride <Before upgrading road> [Upgrade of Road Infrastructure] Additional lanes Dedicated lanes for turning <After upgrading road> [New Technologies of ITS] Traffic Simulation Traffic Management System (MODERATO) 12
Transport Demand Management Free shuttle bus service for Commuters 13
Transport Demand Management CO 2 emission is reduced by higher travel speed although traffic volume has increased. Modal Shift Effect Travel time: 30% CO 2 emission: 14% + Road Upgrade Effect Travel time: 60% CO 2 emission: 17% Travel time from Toyota I.C. to Toyota-cho (4km) 45min. => 6km/h Original TDM Road upgrade 32min. => 8km/h 19min. => 13km/h 14
Road Infrastructure Underpass Station Plaza Inner Ring Road Central District Outer Ring Road Underground Parking 東海環状 Industrial Center 東名高速 15
Nantes, France
Mobility Demand and Change of Travel Method Traffic became smooth due to park & ride, despite population growth and increasing dependence on automobile. Number of trips Population Automobile method Walk Public transport Bicycle Share of Travel
Transportation and Logistics Renaissance Proposal Cutting congestion and CO 2 emission by half Reducing traffic fatality to zero Goals : Actions : Rebirth of urban traffic systems without congestion, CO 2 emission and accidents New generation logistic systems for timely delivery at competitive cost Concurrent efforts from diverse perspectives 1) Effective deployment of transportation infrastructure 2) Active application of advanced IT and ITS technologies 3) Market penetration of new generation vehicles 4) Awareness and participation by citizens and industries 5) Strategic policy decision and its implementation 19
Transportation and Logistics Renaissance Road Map 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Industry Taskforce Task and target setting Model city selection Evaluation method Test plan Simulation Task and target setting Model city selection Evaluation method Test plan Simulation Task and target setting Model city selection Evaluation method Test plan Simulation Large scale Field Operation Test (FOT) FOT Phase I Through Field Evaluation Test (FOT) 1. More advanced technologies applied 2. Lager number of cities participated <Target Items> 1) Congestion 2) CO 2 emission 3) Ftality <Phase I> 1) 20% reduction 2) 20% reduction 3) 20% reduction Evaluation Adjustment Legislation FOT Phase II <Phase I> 1) 30% reduction 2) 30% reduction 3) 30% reduction Evaluation Adjustment Legislature FOT Phase III <Phase III> 1) 50% reduction 2) 50% reduction 3) Zero Implementation Practical operation Deployment and penetration (Confirmed at FOT, operation spreads ) 20
Plan: Project of Accelerating Reduction to the Society Realizing Safe & Smooth Road Transport utilizing Information Technology The Project of Accelerating Reduction to the Society aims to visualize for the citizen the outcome of large demonstration projects at a model city/line in a selected district, and to accelerate the application of successful practice on other areas. The special committee for new transportation & logistics in ITS Japan is taking initiatives in collaboration with industry, committed for realization with government. Council on Competitiveness- Nippon -Make direction -Promote a plan Proposal Advice Transport & Logistics Renaissance Project -Make a proposal -Launch the organization -Support promotion -Follow up outcome General Science & Technology Conference Project of accelerating reduction to the society Road Transport System (ITS)Task Force Policy-making, budget allocation, project promotion Leader: Councilor Mr. Okumura Member: Cabinet secretary, Police Agency Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Specialist: Intellectuals, ITS Japan ITS Japan The special committee for new transport & logistics Project proposal & promotion Town revival WG Auto manufacturers Electronic manufacturers City developer Model city/local district etc. Advanced logistics WG Auto manufacturers Electronic manufacturers Transport company Highway company Railway company etc. Academia
City Planning with Innovative Transportation 22
City Planning with Innovative Transportation 23
City Planning with Innovative Transportation Address global warming Protect safety Vitalize a city/region Raise QOL of the citizen Enable response to disasters
Next Generation Logistics 25
Next Generation Logistics Address global warming Protect safety Improving international competitiveness for the cost of transport Provide reliability