Minimizing Environmental Impact in Off-Grid Systems Solar + Sustainable Storage Energy Storage Alliance Conference Adam Champion, Sales Director Oceania June 2016
At the end of every good engineering equation there is a dollar sign Positive environmental impact is a core aspect of the adoption of distributed, renewable power and energy storage systems. However, these new solutions must be affordable to the marketplace to have any chance of repeatable market success. Aquion Energy is committed to both. 2
Minimizing Environmental Impact + A tremendous amount of development, both technical and market, is being directly for adding energy storage to PV in grid-connected homes, commercial buildings, and at utility-scale. + There is another set of applications, typically off-grid, where the value of energy storage integrated with PV offers both economic and substantial environmental benefits. + This presentation will highlight several project installations and the resulting environmental benefits using Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI) batteries with PV across multiple geographies worldwide. 3
Aquion Energy + The world s only manufacturer of clean and sustainable Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI ) batteries + Products are optimal for stationary, long duration (4+ hr), daily cycling applications + Spun out of Carnegie Mellon + Headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA + Manufactured in Westmoreland, PA Research into sodium ion rechargeable batteries begins Aquion Energy is founded and spun out of CMU 15+ MWh (8K+ batteries) shipped to date 1980 s 2005 2008 2011 Q2 2014 2015 Incremental progress made, but no significant advances 4 Research conducted at Carnegie Mellon University First shipments to customers Current generation of product launched
What s Inside Matters Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI ) Battery Poly-ionic system: Na +, Li +, and H + ions all functional in the system Neutral ph water-based electrolyte + STAINLESS STEEL Stainless Steel Current Collector + BASE OXIDE Manganese Oxide Cathode + COTTON + CARBON + SALTWATER Synthetic Cotton Separator Carbon Titanium Phosphate Composite Anode Neutral ph Alkali-ion Electrolyte 5
Current Product Specifications AQUION ASPEN BATTERY LINE + Smallest product increment + Nominal 48V output + Designed for low cost, performance, and modularity + Simple chemistry can be easily integrated with commercial off the shelf inverters Discharge Curves OPERATION & PERFORMANCE Nominal Energy Up to 2.3 kwh at 20 hour discharge, 30 C Operating Temp Range* -5 to 40 C Round Trip DC Efficiency ~90% at 20 hour discharge, 30 C Voltage Range 40 to 57.6 V Charge/Discharge Modes CC, CP, CV, AC ripple tolerant PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Height 935 mm 36.8 in Width 330 mm 13.0 in Depth 310 mm 12.2 in Weight 118 kg 260 lbs * 40 C average ambient over 24 hours Charge Curves 6
Energy (Wh) Aqueous Hybrid Ion Cycle Performance LAB CYCLING IN-FIELD CYCLING DATA Deep Discharge Testing 80 kwh Off-Grid Residence + Installed in September 2014, this system has been providing consistent power for 17 months + Typical long-duration daily cycle charge from 14 kw of PV during the day and provide power for nighttime hours Ongoing 70+% DoD Partial State of Charge Cycling State of Charge 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Ongoing 10% DoD @ 50% SoC 0 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 Pulse number System Voltage 7
Product Safety LEAD ACID BATTERY HEALTH, PHYSICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD STATEMENTS + Causes severe skin burns and eye damage + Causes serious eye damage + May damage fertility or the unborn child if ingested or inhaled + Causes damage to central nervous systems, blood and kidneys through prolonged or repeated exposure. + May form explosive air/gas mixture during charging. + Extremely flammable gas (hydrogen). + Explosive, fire, blast, or projection hazard. https://www.batteriesplus.com/image/sds-enersys-cyclonodysseysla.pdf LITHIUM ION DID YOU SEE THAT?!?!?!. AND SOME WORDS ON FIRE Energizer Lithium Ion Battery Product Safety Data Sheet + If any batteries are burning, water may not extinguish them, but will cool the adjacent batteries and control the spread of fire. + CO 2, dry chemical, and foam extinguishers are preferred for small fires, but also may not extinguish burning lithium ion batteries. + Burning batteries will burn themselves out. http://data.energizer.com/pdfs/lithiumion_psds.pdf 8
Aquion Battery Safety AHI HAZARD STATEMENTS 3 rd PARTY 30 MINUTE FLAME PROPOSGATION TEST August 8, 2012 Beginning After 30 Minutes Post-Test + Causes mild skin irritation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agl7gqz3uacca Weight Percentage Analysis What % of the cell weight is toxic, caustic, or flammable? 9
Safety through Sustainable Materials + Aquion s S-Line Battery Stacks are the first batteries in the world to be Cradle to Cradle Certified + Cradle to Cradle is an independent certification organization that ensures our batteries contain no toxic components and uses only sustainable manufacturing processes 10
Typical Off-Grid Installation Modeled using software from: + Modeling the thought process of a typical off-grid residential application: 1. Start with a diesel generator just how bad is it? 2. What happens when we add PV? Costs / fuel usage (CO 2 ) 3. How much better is it when adding energy storage? 4. What do the cost and economics look like if we eliminate the diesel altogether? 1. Diesel 2. Diesel + PV 3. Diesel + PV + Storage 4. PV + Storage 10 kw diesel generator 10 kw diesel generator 5 kwp PV array 10 kw diesel generator 5 kwp PV array 3 kw / 25 kwh storage No diesel generator 10 kwp PV array 4 kw / 50 kwh storage 10,500 L diesel used = 15-25 MT CO 2 PV saves 3,400 L fuel 30% CO 2 reduction from diesel only Storage saves an additional 6,500 L fuel 95+% CO 2 reduction from diesel only It s possible to eliminate diesel altogether by doubling size of PV array and energy storage 11
Global Shipments and Installations GLOBALLY MORE THAN 15 MWh OF BATTERIES DELIVERED TO OVER 100 SITES BY YEAR END 2015 = spotlighted installations 12
Large Off-Grid Microgrid, Hawaii, USA PROBLEM + Large off-grid private microgrid on Island of Hawaii, located in state park land alongside pristine coast where they can t run power lines + Powered entirely by propane generators; want to reduce fossil fuel use + Needs clean, reliable power to meet the load requirements of the estate SOLUTION + Implemented a solar + batteries microgrid with a small backup generator, 23 kw avg load, 42 kw peak load + Batteries charge from solar during the day and discharge overnight 8 hour charge/16 hour discharge + Residence is powered entirely from solar, expected to reduce fossil fuel usage by 97% and eliminate over 35 metric tons of CO 2 emissions annually SYSTEM OVERVIEW Aquion AHI Batteries 1 MWh, M-Line Modules Battery Inverter SMA Sunny Island Charge Controller Midnite Solar Classic Solar Array 172 kw Solar Inverter SMA Sunny Boy Backup Power Propane generator for emergency use only 13
Off-Grid Residential System, California, USA PROBLEM + Owners of a luxury ranch in a pristine, remote area in Jenner, California need continuous access to reliable power but are located outside of the utility s service territory + Cost to extend grid power would have been >$250K + Diesel generator generates noise and pollution, requires fuel transport SOLUTION + Implement a microgrid using solar + batteries with small backup generator + Power residence entirely from solar power + Quiet, clean, sustainable + Saves over 6 metric tons of CO 2 emissions annually, an additional 2 metric tons from the guest house Aquion AHI Batteries 80 kwh, M-Line Modules Battery Inverter SMA Sunny Island Solar Array 14 kw Solar Inverter SMA Sunny Boy Backup Power Diesel generator for emergency use only SYSTEM OVERVIEW 14
Off-Grid Residential System, California, USA PROBLEM + Off-grid residence in La Honda, California has aging lead acid batteries that are only capable of 10% depth of discharge cycling + Need a replacement system that is cleaner, more robust, more efficient, and can be installed easily in the available space SOLUTION + Replace lead acid system with less expensive, more efficient 100% depth of discharge AHI batteries + DC-coupled system + Residence powered entirely from solar + batteries + Quiet, clean, safe, sustainable + Will save over 10 metric tons of CO 2 annually SYSTEM OVERVIEW Aquion AHI Batteries 90 kwh, S-Line Stacks Battery Inverter Outback Power Charge Controller Outback FlexMax Solar Array 11.5 kw Backup Power Diesel generator for emergency use only 15
Off-Grid Solar Lighting Systems, Thailand PROBLEM + 23.5 kilometer bicycling track at the Suvarnabhumi Bangkok Airport can only be used during daylight hours + Want to increase the usability of the track by adding lighting + Costly to run electricity to all of the off-grid lights surrounding the track SOLUTION + Over 700 independent off-grid systems each with solar-powered LED lights and an Aquion battery + Sky Lane is the first airport-based track to allow nighttime riding + Sky Lane s estimated 14,000 cyclists per week can now use the facility during nighttime hours. SYSTEM OVERVIEW Aquion AHI Batteries 700+ 2.4 kwh, S-Line Stacks Solar Controller LED Light 60 watts Solar Panel 240 watts 16
To date, Aquion has installed over 15 MWh of energy storage over 70% in offgrid or generator optimization / elimination applications 17
This has resulted in the reduction of hundreds of metric tons of CO 2 being released from fossil-fuel fired generators. 18
Thank You Questions? achampion@aquion-energy.com 19