Solargis Report Solar Resource Overview Site name: Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain Date of Issue: 03 August 2017 Type of Data: Hourly time series (01/01/1994-31/12/2016) TMY P50 (01/01/1994-31/12/2016) Customer: Solargis s.r.o. Issued by: Solargis s.r.o. Tel: +421 2 43 191 708 contact@solargis.com http://solargis.com Direct Normal Irradiation - long-term average
1. Site Info Site name: Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain Latitude: 37.094416 Longitude: -2.35985 Elevation: 497 m a.s.l. Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#tl=google:satellite&loc=37.094416,-2.359850&z=14 Google Maps 2017 Google Page 2 of 15
2. Executive Summary Long-term average yearly values calculated from time series (TS) representing 23 complete calendar years (1994-2016): TS TMY P50 Global Horizontal Irradiation 1879 1879 kwh/m² Direct Normal Irradiation 2149 2149 kwh/m² Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation 612 613 kwh/m² Global Tilted Irradiation (fixed inclination: 33 azimuth: 180 ) 2176 -- kwh/m² Air Temperature at 2 m 16.1 16.0 C 3. Solargis Database Description This report and data is based on Solargis high-resolution database operated by Solargis s.r.o. company. Solar resource data (GHI, DIF, DNI and GTI) is calculated by a suit of solar models, and the data inputs are derived from geostationary meteorological satellites and global meteorological models. Meteorological data (TEMP, RH, WS, WD, AP and PWAT) are processed from the outputs of global meteorological models. All Solargis parameters are validated by quality-controlled ground measurements acquired by high-accuracy meteorological equipment worldwide. The spatial and time resolution of the original input data are harmonized during the model processing to achieve the best possible. Output from the database Solargis v2.1.12 Solar Resource Description: Spatial resolution: Meteorological Data Description: Spatial resolution: Data calculated from Meteosat MSG and MFG satellite data ( 2017 EUMETSAT) and from atmospheric data ( 2017 ECMWF and NOAA) by Solargis method 250 m Spatially disaggregated from CFSR, CFSv2 and GFS ( 2017 NOAA) by Solargis method Temperature 1 km, other meteorological parameters 33 km to 55 km Terrain shading is not considered in this delivery. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. Acronyms used later in this report: TS - time series, TMY - typical meteorological year, LTA - long-term average, STDEV - standard deviation. Page 3 of 15
4. Time Series (TS) Overview Type of data: Period: Hourly time series (time reference UTC+0) 01/01/1994-31/12/2016 (201624 records) Parameters: Code Description CSV file PDF report GHI DNI DIF GTI Global horizontal irradiation [Wh/m²] Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m²] Diffuse horizontal irradiation [Wh/m²] Global tilted irradiation [Wh/m²] (fixed inclination: 33 deg. azimuth: 180 deg.) flagr Cloud identification quality flag: 0: sun below horizon, 1: model value, 2: interpolated 1hour, 5: long term monthly median or persistence, 6: synthetic data, 11:NWP forecast SE SA Sun altitude (elevation) angle [deg.] Sun azimuth angle [deg.] TEMP Air temperature at 2 m [deg. C] AP Atmospheric pressure [hpa] RH Relative humidity [%] WS WD PWAT Wind speed at 10 m [m/s] Wind direction [deg.] Precipitable water [kg/m²] Page 4 of 15
Year Global horizontal irradiation: monthly and yearly sums Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1994 92 109 159 197 218 243 235 212 175 105 93 86 1924 1994 1995 95 111 154 193 223 219 244 213 167 123 82 68 1892 1995 1996 76 109 149 174 214 239 240 220 147 132 92 62 1853 1996 1997 65 117 174 161 216 238 243 204 152 124 83 71 1849 1997 1998 81 97 167 195 181 236 255 210 154 140 92 84 1891 1998 1999 84 110 161 210 219 240 248 224 168 104 88 74 1930 1999 2000 89 124 157 188 197 250 250 214 172 124 86 73 1925 2000 2001 88 110 154 196 202 248 240 215 159 122 76 65 1874 2001 2002 84 118 149 174 219 228 249 216 160 123 87 76 1882 2002 2003 92 89 139 178 221 232 250 223 173 101 78 77 1851 2003 2004 96 107 133 186 187 236 237 214 153 125 92 68 1835 2004 2005 101 100 146 203 227 245 248 213 170 127 92 79 1950 2005 2006 73 98 167 171 190 219 243 220 166 122 79 76 1825 2006 2007 84 98 162 139 223 242 254 206 160 115 91 77 1853 2007 2008 89 88 167 193 195 233 238 221 142 104 93 73 1837 2008 2009 76 106 152 185 224 240 245 219 139 131 97 70 1882 2009 2010 80 83 128 163 236 229 240 208 161 124 84 78 1814 2010 2011 77 115 137 169 193 224 235 222 176 127 82 82 1839 2011 2012 93 119 165 190 232 238 248 211 157 122 72 80 1927 2012 2013 88 109 139 173 206 249 244 207 159 130 93 78 1874 2013 2014 85 102 161 195 235 231 247 220 159 132 86 86 1939 2014 2015 96 99 148 172 214 241 247 201 163 116 102 86 1882 2015 2016 86 99 163 177 221 237 231 217 173 126 85 73 1889 2016 LTA 86 105 154 182 213 236 244 214 161 122 87 76 1879 GHI Unit: kwh/m² Long-term statistics is calculated from complete years Yearly STDEV: 39 kwh/m² Meaning of the background color of cells in the 'Year' column: grey color means the yearly value is within the STDEV band, red is for values above and blue for values below the STDEV band. Monthly long-term average, minimum and maximum Interannual variability of yearly values with average line and STDEV band Page 5 of 15
Year Direct normal irradiation: monthly and yearly sums Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1994 158 153 178 226 214 240 199 202 211 110 150 164 2205 1994 1995 176 169 187 210 212 194 240 216 201 136 104 107 2152 1995 1996 106 163 172 168 224 228 231 235 152 182 150 93 2106 1996 1997 80 181 233 160 202 251 254 213 160 156 125 121 2135 1997 1998 127 135 206 221 148 229 267 199 167 206 157 171 2233 1998 1999 149 178 201 252 205 242 250 236 193 107 146 133 2292 1999 2000 162 205 169 204 184 258 250 201 197 159 136 120 2247 2000 2001 143 158 171 213 197 248 234 212 158 148 98 104 2085 2001 2002 135 189 171 175 218 192 249 214 163 154 138 133 2131 2002 2003 167 116 147 182 217 208 245 235 198 99 107 138 2059 2003 2004 184 149 145 207 152 227 227 218 154 153 154 117 2087 2004 2005 204 154 150 217 220 239 244 215 191 162 148 150 2296 2005 2006 113 133 216 145 144 193 225 234 175 136 117 125 1956 2006 2007 145 134 209 108 228 245 265 191 157 132 145 142 2101 2007 2008 158 107 215 210 157 229 227 231 136 104 155 133 2060 2008 2009 116 152 180 200 219 242 247 228 133 176 159 121 2173 2009 2010 127 98 134 138 248 223 233 204 178 162 141 130 2016 2010 2011 120 178 144 156 167 216 224 221 206 156 116 158 2063 2011 2012 170 191 199 204 238 222 243 196 167 156 92 144 2224 2012 2013 152 166 152 176 188 252 244 203 171 161 156 140 2161 2013 2014 144 143 201 211 252 218 242 232 176 171 129 176 2295 2014 2015 176 141 182 163 201 251 246 186 179 137 188 158 2208 2015 2016 143 117 210 183 219 231 215 224 196 151 128 137 2155 2016 LTA 146 153 181 188 202 230 239 215 175 148 136 135 2149 DNI Unit: kwh/m² Long-term statistics is calculated from complete years Yearly STDEV: 91 kwh/m² Meaning of the background color of cells in the 'Year' column: grey color means the yearly value is within the STDEV band, red is for values above and blue for values below the STDEV band. Monthly long-term average, minimum and maximum Interannual variability of yearly values with average line and STDEV band Page 6 of 15
Year Diffuse horizontal irradiation: monthly and yearly sums Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1994 29 35 56 51 68 70 88 73 46 48 29 25 619 1994 1995 25 31 46 58 74 77 73 67 48 53 38 28 618 1995 1996 32 32 48 66 64 76 74 62 54 39 29 27 603 1996 1997 34 30 45 58 74 62 66 63 55 44 31 25 586 1997 1998 31 32 48 53 79 72 66 73 52 37 26 22 591 1998 1999 26 26 47 49 75 69 70 63 51 47 27 26 576 1999 2000 25 27 60 56 68 68 72 74 51 42 29 28 600 2000 2001 30 35 55 56 68 70 74 70 60 45 35 27 625 2001 2002 29 28 49 60 69 86 73 71 60 45 30 27 626 2002 2003 25 34 53 62 71 81 75 64 53 49 32 26 623 2003 2004 24 36 49 52 82 71 75 66 59 46 28 26 615 2004 2005 21 28 58 59 72 72 73 68 54 43 30 23 603 2005 2006 29 35 44 75 84 80 80 63 58 51 31 28 659 2006 2007 28 34 45 69 68 67 67 76 62 46 30 24 616 2007 2008 26 38 44 58 83 71 76 64 59 50 29 24 622 2008 2009 29 33 49 58 73 67 69 65 58 41 30 25 599 2009 2010 29 36 50 74 66 71 73 69 53 41 26 29 617 2010 2011 30 30 54 67 77 70 77 71 51 45 33 24 628 2011 2012 26 29 51 59 67 77 74 77 56 42 34 26 617 2012 2013 28 31 52 60 75 69 71 69 55 46 29 27 612 2013 2014 28 34 47 58 62 76 73 64 52 45 31 21 591 2014 2015 26 33 46 63 74 64 72 74 54 47 24 26 603 2015 2016 30 42 45 59 70 73 76 66 54 48 31 23 616 2016 LTA 28 33 50 60 72 72 73 68 55 45 30 26 612 DIF Unit: kwh/m² Long-term statistics is calculated from complete years Yearly STDEV: 17 kwh/m² Meaning of the background color of cells in the 'Year' column: grey color means the yearly value is within the STDEV band, red is for values above and blue for values below the STDEV band. Monthly long-term average, minimum and maximum Interannual variability of yearly values with average line and STDEV band Page 7 of 15
Year Global tilted irradiation: monthly and yearly sums fixed inclination: 33 azimuth: 180 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 1994 155 159 196 212 211 223 224 219 205 138 149 154 2246 1994 1995 164 164 191 208 215 203 231 218 198 162 123 114 2189 1995 1996 119 160 182 186 203 219 227 227 173 182 148 101 2127 1996 1997 99 173 221 171 209 217 228 209 175 168 131 121 2121 1997 1998 131 138 210 210 172 217 239 215 178 197 151 153 2212 1998 1999 142 166 201 228 212 220 234 230 198 134 141 129 2235 1999 2000 152 188 193 201 190 229 236 221 203 169 137 124 2243 2000 2001 145 161 188 212 192 227 225 222 184 165 115 108 2145 2001 2002 137 177 183 183 210 211 234 223 184 168 139 132 2181 2002 2003 156 126 170 191 213 214 235 230 202 129 119 134 2119 2003 2004 168 155 164 199 179 217 224 220 179 169 150 116 2140 2004 2005 179 147 176 218 219 226 234 220 200 173 147 141 2280 2005 2006 118 141 210 181 184 201 229 228 194 162 124 129 2102 2006 2007 142 140 205 145 214 222 239 212 185 152 145 135 2138 2007 2008 150 123 209 207 188 213 225 229 163 135 151 127 2121 2008 2009 122 154 188 197 215 220 230 226 157 181 156 120 2165 2009 2010 131 114 155 171 227 211 227 215 188 169 135 133 2076 2010 2011 125 172 166 181 185 205 221 229 207 170 127 148 2136 2011 2012 160 178 207 204 224 219 234 219 182 166 108 140 2239 2012 2013 148 162 169 186 197 229 230 212 186 176 151 136 2182 2013 2014 142 148 201 208 227 212 232 226 184 182 134 157 2254 2014 2015 164 143 185 182 207 220 232 207 190 155 171 152 2208 2015 2016 144 137 204 189 211 217 219 224 204 170 133 129 2181 2016 LTA 143 153 190 194 204 217 230 221 188 164 138 132 2176 GTI Unit: kwh/m² Long-term statistics is calculated from complete years Yearly STDEV: 56 kwh/m² Meaning of the background color of cells in the 'Year' column: grey color means the yearly value is within the STDEV band, red is for values above and blue for values below the STDEV band. Monthly long-term average, minimum and maximum Interannual variability of yearly values with average line and STDEV band Page 8 of 15
Year Average diurnal (24 hour) air temperature at 2 m Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year TEMP 1994 7.4 8.9 12.1 13.2 19.0 22.1 27.8 27.4 20.1 15.9 13.0 9.5 16.4 1994 1995 8.3 11.0 10.9 13.1 18.6 20.8 25.6 25.1 19.3 17.0 13.4 10.1 16.1 1995 1996 9.0 7.0 9.7 13.4 16.2 21.5 24.1 23.8 18.9 15.3 11.3 8.7 14.9 1996 1997 7.7 10.8 12.2 14.3 17.6 21.9 22.9 24.0 21.3 18.0 12.4 9.3 16.1 1997 1998 8.3 9.5 12.4 13.5 15.9 22.5 25.9 25.2 22.0 15.6 11.8 7.1 15.8 1998 1999 7.3 7.8 10.4 14.8 19.3 22.1 25.1 25.9 21.3 16.5 9.1 7.8 15.7 1999 2000 5.2 11.1 11.4 12.9 18.2 22.5 24.9 25.3 21.3 15.3 10.5 9.0 15.6 2000 2001 8.5 9.2 14.1 14.8 16.7 24.2 24.6 25.6 21.0 18.1 9.5 7.4 16.2 2001 2002 7.7 10.2 11.4 13.0 17.1 23.1 24.0 23.5 20.9 16.8 12.4 9.6 15.8 2002 2003 7.0 7.3 11.1 13.6 17.7 24.9 26.5 26.7 21.4 15.8 11.4 8.2 16.0 2003 2004 9.3 8.9 10.3 12.4 14.7 23.4 24.5 26.0 22.6 17.9 10.4 7.7 15.7 2004 2005 5.8 5.5 10.2 14.2 19.1 23.2 26.2 24.5 20.5 16.4 9.9 7.4 15.3 2005 2006 5.6 7.4 12.3 15.3 19.2 21.9 26.3 24.2 21.7 18.3 12.8 7.6 16.1 2006 2007 7.7 10.6 10.8 12.3 18.4 21.9 24.9 24.4 20.7 15.9 11.0 8.2 15.6 2007 2008 8.8 9.3 12.3 14.4 16.6 21.3 25.2 25.2 20.7 16.0 9.1 6.5 15.5 2008 2009 6.7 7.9 11.1 12.7 18.5 24.1 27.0 25.3 20.5 18.3 13.6 9.6 16.3 2009 2010 7.1 8.4 9.5 13.5 16.6 21.2 25.8 25.3 21.2 15.7 10.5 8.2 15.3 2010 2011 8.6 10.1 11.1 16.2 18.5 22.8 25.3 25.7 22.2 17.1 12.9 9.9 16.7 2011 2012 8.8 7.0 11.3 14.3 19.7 25.2 25.3 27.6 21.2 17.1 12.4 10.3 16.7 2012 2013 10.1 9.2 11.9 14.6 17.1 21.1 24.2 24.2 21.4 19.4 12.1 8.3 16.2 2013 2014 10.0 10.8 12.0 17.5 18.3 22.7 24.5 25.1 22.8 19.1 13.2 8.9 17.1 2014 2015 9.1 8.9 13.0 15.3 20.7 22.7 27.7 25.7 21.6 17.8 13.6 11.0 17.3 2015 2016 11.1 11.5 12.1 15.3 18.1 23.5 25.6 24.9 22.6 18.7 13.0 10.0 17.2 2016 LTA 8.0 9.0 11.5 14.1 17.9 22.6 25.4 25.2 21.2 17.0 11.7 8.7 16.1 Unit: C Long-term statistics is calculated from complete years Yearly STDEV: 0.6 C Meaning of the background color of cells in the 'Year' column: grey color means the yearly value is within the STDEV band, red is for values above and blue for values below the STDEV band. Monthly long-term average, minimum and maximum Interannual variability of yearly values with average line and STDEV band Page 9 of 15
5. Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) Overview TMY data is delivered, together with the time series data and this report. TMY contains hourly values derived from the time series covering complete calendar years. The data history is compressed into one year, following two criteria. The first is minimum difference between statistical characteristics (annual average, monthly averages) of TMY and time series. This criterion is given 80% weighting. The second criterion is maximum similarity of monthly Cumulative Distribution Functions of TMY and full-time series, so that the occurrence of typical hourly values is well represented for each month. This criterion is given 20% weighting. TMY P50 data set represents, for each month, the average climate conditions and the most representative cumulative distribution function, therefore extreme situations (e.g. extremely cloudy weather) are not represented in this dataset. Type of data: Hourly TMY, 8760 records (time reference UTC+0) Time representation: 01/01/1994-31/12/2016 TMY method: SolarGIS_2 Parameters: Code Description CSV file PDF report GHI DNI DIF SE SA Global horizontal irradiation [Wh/m²] Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m²] Diffuse horizontal irradiation [Wh/m²] Sun altitude (elevation) angle [deg.] Sun azimuth angle [deg.] TEMP Air temperature at 2 m [deg. C] AP Atmospheric pressure [hpa] RH Relative humidity [%] WS WD PWAT Wind speed at 10 m [m/s] Wind direction [deg.] Precipitable water [kg/m²] Important note: Data reduction in TMY is not possible without loss of information contained in the original multiyear time series. Therefore time series data can only be considered as the reference for the statistical analysis of solar resource and meteorological conditions of the site. Only time series data are used for the statistical analysis in this report. Page 10 of 15
Monthly and Yearly Averages Long-term averages of GHI GHI [kwh/m²] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Time series 86 105 154 182 213 236 244 214 161 122 87 76 1879 TMY P50 85 106 152 179 216 237 245 213 161 122 87 76 1879 Long-term averages of DNI DNI [kwh/m²] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Time series 146 153 181 188 202 230 239 215 175 148 136 135 2149 TMY P50 145 153 180 182 203 230 241 216 178 148 138 133 2149 Page 11 of 15
Long-term averages of TEMP TEMP [ C] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Time series 8.0 9.0 11.5 14.1 17.9 22.6 25.4 25.2 21.2 17.0 11.7 8.7 16.1 TMY P50 7.7 7.9 11.1 13.6 17.6 22.5 25.6 24.5 21.2 18.1 12.4 9.6 16.0 Seasonal Hourly Profiles Hourly profiles for TMY P50. Page 12 of 15
Data Snapshot Snapshot of TMY P50. Days of year are on the x-axis, hours are on the y-axis. Page 13 of 15
7. Data Uncertainty Solar Resource Quality of Solargis data is determined by underlying models, spatial and temporal resolution of atmospheric and meteorological inputs, and their accuracy. Solargis data has been validated at 220+ locations, where high quality measurements were available. Statistics such as bias and RMSD are used for estimation of user s uncertainty. Solargis model demonstrates stable performance globally, and uncertainty lies within the margins described below. For objective evaluation, the model has to be evaluated with quality-controlled data measured using high standard and professionally maintained instruments. If validation at a particular site shows higher deviations, there is high probability that there are issues with local measurements. Uncertainty of Solargis GHI and DNI yearly summaries for 80% of observations is within the range of ±4% and ±8% (±5% and ±10% for 90% of observations), respectively. In complex geographies and extreme cases, uncertainty of GHI and DNI yearly summaries can be as high as ±8% and ±15%, respectively. Regions where lower uncertainty (below or equal to ±4% for yearly GHI and ±8% for DNI) can be typically expected: Most of Europe and North America below latitude approx. 50 (see exceptions below), South Africa, Chile, Brazil, Australia, Japan, Morocco, Mediterranean region and Arabian Peninsula (except the Gulf region). Lower uncertainty is expected in regions with good availability of high-quality ground measurements. Regions where higher uncertainty can be expected (above ±4% for yearly GHI and above ±8% for DNI): high latitudes (approx. above 50 ), high mountains, regions with regular snow and ice coverage, high-reflectance deserts, urbanized and industrialized areas, regions with high and dynamically changing concentrations of atmospheric aerosols (Northern India, West Africa, Gulf region, some regions in China), coastal zone (approx. up to 15 km from water) and humid tropical climate. Higher uncertainty is also assumed in regions with limited or no availability of high-quality ground measurements. Meteorological Data Meteorological parameters are derived from the numerical weather models CFSR, CFSv2 and GFSprod. Compared to solar resource data, they have lower spatial and temporal resolution, and lower accuracy. They characterize wider geographic region rather than a specific site. Especially relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction values have higher uncertainty, they may not accurately characterize the local microclimate and should be used with caution. The validation procedure was carried out to compare the modelled data with ground-measured data from the meteorological stations available through NOAA Integrated Surface Database network. In the validation of air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, the hourly measurements at more than 11000 stations were used. Uncertainty of yearly estimates for selected meteorological parameters (considering 80% occurrence): air temperature ±1.3 C, relative humidity: ±11%, wind speed ±1.7 m/s. More about Solargis models, the underlying algorithms, input data and uncertainty can be consulted at: http://solargis.com/support/knowledge-base/methodology/solar-radiation-modeling/ 8. Disclaimer and Legal Information Considering the uncertainty of data and calculations, Solargis s.r.o. does not guarantee the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for the assessment of weather parameters based on the best available data, software and knowledge. Solargis s.r.o. shall not be liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided report. This report is copyright to. All rights reserved. 9. Service Provider Solargis s.r.o., M. Marecka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia Company ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766 Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B Tel: +421 2 43 191 708 http://solargis.com, contact@solargis.com Page 14 of 15
10. Delivered Items and Data Files Originality The complete delivery SG-01-2016 consists of the following items (5): CSV data files: item format file checksum sum of all values 1 Hourly time series Solargis 95a64e6cccd524b950b213c7ac03eea7 405800301 2 Hourly TMY P50 Solargis 8da0153a7516a3e63c4effaed04bc95e 15463501 3 Hourly TMY P50 for SAM TMY3 b2a46fd65352928edbc546f155484ebd -- The originality of CSV data files can be verified by the 'file checksum' (e.g. on this web page http://onlinemd5.com/). MD5 algorithm is used for the checksum. Using the 'sum of all values' is another way how to check the data originality in case the 'file checksum' is not longer valid (e.g. the file was edited and saved in Excel). The indicative sum of all data values in Solargis CSV files is rounded to an integer. PDF files: item format description 4 Solargis climdata License Agreement PDF Signed/accepted license is supplied as a separate document sent via e-mail. 5 Solargis Report PDF This PDF report is electronically signed by Solargis s.r.o.. The authenticity of this PDF report can be verified here: http://solargis.info/embedded/pdfverify.html. Page 15 of 15