Center for Advanced Power Engineering Research C PER 2017 Summer Research Planning Workshop Energy Storage Technologies and Application Roadmap Presented By: Johan Enslin Zucker Family Graduate Education Center (ZFGEC) Clemson University Restoration Institute (CURI)
Overview Energy Storage Global Growth Path Cost of Energy Storage Stacked Values and USE Cases Technology Capabilities Case Studies Tehachapi Energy Storage (SCE) Marshall Test Facility (Duke Energy) BESS Testing and Model Validation Roadmap Development with Value Chain
Energy Storage: High Growth High Potential 2015 growth 240% & 2017 growth expected 200% Annual U.S. energy storage market projected to reach 1.7 GW by 2020 with a value of $2.5B 1 Energy storage for solar systems expected to be an $8 B market in 2026 2 Acquisitions and mergers e.g. Siemens & AES (Fluence) Energy storage is a key enabler for renewables, T&D grid optimization and generation efficiency US Deployment Forecast, 2012-2022E (MW) Global Energy Storage Development - 171.05 GW 1,267 Projects U.S. Energy Storage Development - 24.2 GW with 570 MW in Battery Storage 1 Source: GTM Research 2 Lux Research Inc. 3 DOE (Energy Storage Exchange)
Cost of Energy Storage Energy Storage is not cost effective in single USE cases Stacked Values are crucial to make a cost effective business case Source: EPRI Source:- SolarPlaza
Stacked Value Streams Comparison of Storage Cost Compared to Individual Grid Service Benefits - No single business case Benefit Stacking as a Simple Sum - Clear business case Energy Storage Service provider Opportunity Integrate all possible services C PER *EPRI Energy Storage Valuation Tool
Power-to-Power Use Cases
Application Requirements
Technology Capabilities
Tehachapi Energy Storage Case Study The project is strategically located in the Tehachapi Wind Resource Area. 4.5 GW of developed wind power by 2016 State procurement target of 1.325 GW of energy storage capacity by 2020 (CPUC AB 2514) Wind farm related grid reliability issues Most of older wind farms in area are Type 1 turbines 380 MW installed wind capacity (310 MW operation) Absorb around 100 MVAr reactive power from system No Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT) and reactive power support capability Non-compliant with FERC - LGIP Wind curtailment during high wind generation 66 kv line reliability N-1 contingencies require > 60 MW wind curtailment on daily basis Angular stability concern during line trip Existing SVC (14 MVAr) not reliable Limited reactive power support on system
Configuration of Tehachapi Energy Storage Project 8MW/4hr Battery and 20 MVAr for 4 sec. STATCOM Project investment is $35 M ($ 55 M final budget with M&V) ROI > 13% due to stacked values on USE cases: Transient stability mitigation for the N-1 contingency 50 MW wind curtailment mitigation Hourly wind dispatch of 50 MW wind farms Voltage and frequency regulation Avoided cost NPV = $3.2M p.a. Ref:- Castaneda, J; Enslin, JHR; Elizondo, D; Abed, N; Teleke, S: Application of STATCOM with Energy Storage for Wind Farm Integration New Orleans, LA, USA, IEEE PES T&D Conference & Expo, 19-22 April 2010.
Marshall Steam Station, Sherrills Ford, NC Major system components: 750 kwh / 250 kw system capacity Kokam Superior Lithium Polymer Batteries 1.25 MVA S&C Electric Company Inverter (SMS) 1 MW PV solar test installation Real-time control link to EPIC at UNCC Energy Storage Stacked Value Algorithms 1000 kva transformer Steps up 480 V inverter output to 12.47 kv Inverter/Controls Storage Management System (SMS) 1.25 MVA capacity/1.0 MVAR capacity Interconnection: Located on a 12.47 kv distribution circuit Separate but adjacent medium-voltage interconnection from 1 MW solar facility Located at the end of a distribution feeder C PER System Attributes Installed and in service July 2012 Remote control and operation Battery and inverter independently sourced Both vendors to Duke Located at the Marshall solar test site where multiple solar technologies are being field tested on a sealed coal-ash landfill Develop and test new optimized control algorithms in cooperation with EPIC Battery container 750 kwh/250 kw Lithium Polymer Includes EMS. 1.2 MW solar facility Applications Developed and Tested 1 Energy Time Shifting a) for system-level arbitrage b) for local operational constraint management c) based on forward-looking economic algorithm 2 solar output PV smoothing and firming a) for local feeder voltage management b) solar-induced power swing mitigation 3 active VAR / power factor management 4 combined algorithms / optimization a) Combined Voltage Regulation, Energy time shifting and PV smoothing algorithms b) Use of distributed logic with economic, sub-station, forecasted and local input parameters
Development of Stacked Value Proposition for Storage Voltage Support Algorithm Field Testing Results Line Regulator 2 Station Regulator 250 kw 750 kwh Line Regulator 1 C PER No Voltage Support (1/26/2015) BESS Voltage Support (1/27/2015) Tap Operations Phase Station Line Line Regulator Regulator 1 Regulator 2 A 3 15 14 B 4 15 9 C 4 15 14 A 2 5 6 B 4 5 10 C 4 5 10
Development of Stacked Value Proposition for Storage PV Smoothing & Energy Time Shift Field Testing Results PVCF Battery Saver Mode Energy Arbitrage (PLS) Charging Battery during minimal feeder load Accurate Prediction of Feeder Peak Load for Peak Load Shaving Firmed PV Station Output C PER
Expert Energy Management System Cloud State Pattern Recognition and Optimization The framework is as follows- Characterize Cloud Cover Days. Criteria is built to identify each defined day type. Optimization routine Weather forecasts to identify next day cloud state Identify day type and adopt optimal values C PER
Energy Storage Validation and Testing Validate performance, efficiency, ancillary services. Demonstrate virtual inertia, primary and secondary frequency response. Charge Zoom in on low power levels Discharge 1 MW, 510 kwh C PER Charge Static Losses Discharge
Example of Roadmap Development Need and USE Case Development Technology Assessment Economic and Incentive Assessment Financial and Stack-values Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment Legal and Regulatory Assessment Raw Material Mining and Refining Energy Storage Value Chain Materials Manufacturing ESS Project Development and Finance ESS System Integration and Construction Energy Storage Module Component (cell & stack) Manufacturing Balance of Plant Systems / Container Assembly Battery Management Safety / Containment Environmental Controls Monitoring and Control Energy Conversion System Control Grid Communication Module & Pack Assembly ESS Operation ESS Maintenance and Renewal ESS Decommisioning and Recycling C PER Source:- South Africa Energy Storage Technology and Market Assessment, for USTDA, Activity Number: 2015-11032A, 2017.
Conclusions Large growth in global energy storage deployments Energy Storage needs to be deployed to attract stacked values Technology and Energy Management System are key factors in attracting stacked values with positive business case. Energy storage need to be validated and tested Roadmap with energy storage life-cycle analysis is key for positive value chain.
Thank You. Questions? Contact: Dr. Johan Enslin Executive Director and Duke Energy Smart Grid Endowed Chair jenslin@clemson.edu; 843-730-5117 www.clemsonenergy.com