Renewable Energy Innovation Outlook: Offshore Wind Technology 11 th Council May 216
Why innovation in offshore wind? More consistent wind resource Utility-scale low carbon electricity Electricity generation close to densely populated coasts Relatively quick installation at GW scale Less physical constraints (operating noise and visual amenity) Can use mature onshore wind technologies Contribution to the cost of energy for a project commissioned in 215
Wind speed at hub height (m/s) Turbine rating (MW) Water depth (m) Offshore wind historic trends Source: BVG Associates Start Development Turbine Foundations Electrical interconnection Installation OMS Other End LCOE ($/MWh) 5 1 15 2 25 3 5 4 3 2 1 Source: BVG Associates 2 25 21 215 12 1 8 Source: BVG Associates Year of commissioning Europe Asia Distance to port (km) 8 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 Source: BVG Associates 2 25 21 215 Source: BVG Associates Year of commissioning Europe Asia LCOE reduction of projects commissioned in 21 through 215 6 2 25 21 215 Year of commissioning Europe Asia 2 25 21 215 Year of commissioning Europe Asia
State-of-the-art technologies Typical offshore wind farm 215 Wind farm design More effective use of surveys Wind design activities Water depth 25m Distance from OMS 4 km Wind farm capacity 3 MW Number of turbines 75 Turbine rating 4MW Foundations Improved design Manufacturing facilities Turbines Increased turbine rating Increased rotor diameter Installation More optimum vessels OMS Electrical Interconnection Personnel transfer vessels Advance power electronics Access systems Higher export cable voltages DNV, 215, www.dnvgl.com/services/windfarmer-3766 Siemens, 212a, www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressebilder/212/photonews/3dpi/pn2129/pn2129-1_3dpi.jpg EWEA, n.d, www.slideshare.net/ewea/deep-waterslideshare BOW, n.d, www.bowterminal.nl Siemens, 215, http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/energy-topics/energy-stories/sov.htm Siemens, n.d, www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/213/greater-gabbard-offshore-wind-farm-opened-by-michael-fallon.htm
Patent & journal review 7 6 5 4 Source: Totaro & Associates Foundations 14 12 1 8 6 4 Source: Totaro & Associates 3 2 1 Monopile (incl. guyed monopile) Gravity base (incl. skirted gravity base) Jacket (incl. tripod) Floating (incl. tension leg platform) Other (incl. transition piece, etc.) Patents 151 36 178 34 648 Journal references 67 58 87 188 23 Conference papers 84 29 41 135 83 2 US EU WO CN DE CA JP AU KR DK ES AT BR UK MX NZ IN NO FR NL Other Offshore 455 49 516 394 132 121 141 78 13 75 45 31 18 57 8 12 9 45 25 15 68 Onshore 78 55 58 52 31 35 2 29 14 5 11 6 5 1 8 12 4 1 1 1 24 Dual Use 1146 725 667 5192 28 182 1797 1299 883 841 835 583 366 311 322 289 286 28 117 69 1176 Patent filings from 2 to 213
Status of current activity First project under construction 1.2 GW capacity operating.1% electricity generation 11.2 GW capacity operating 1.6% electricity generation 6.9% RE electricity generation CN: 5 operating wind farms UK: 25 operating wind farms DE: 13 DK: 7 BE: 5 NL: 2 SE: 2 Main driver for industry to implement offshore wind energy projects has been government financial support More than 9 institutions: RD&D, government and financing (FR, SP, US, PO, NO, KO, SA)
Innovation opportunities Reducing cost of energy Increasing grid integration Opening-up new markets Decreasing environmental impact Improving health and safety
Source: BVG Associates Research, development and 215 Development Turbine Foundations Electrical interconnection Installation OMS Other 23 Development Turbine Foundations Electrical interconnection Installation OMS Other 245 Demonstration LCOE ($/MWh) 5 1 15 2 25 Innovative drive trains Improvements in blade tip speed Reinforced hub assembly components New power take-off systems Advanced blade design and manufacture Improvements in blade control Increased turbine rating Mitigated storm damages New turbine configurations
Source: BVG Associates Research, development and Demonstration LCOE ($/MWh) 5 1 15 2 25 215 Development Turbine Foundations Electrical interconnection Installation OMS Other 23 Development Turbine Foundations Electrical interconnection Installation OMS Other 245 Improvements in array cable standards Introduction of AC array cables AC transmission over longer distances Advancements in substation installation Reduced need for independent substation platforms Better grid integration
Game changing solutions Floating foundations Multi-rotor systems Vertical axis turbines Airborne wind technology Principle power, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/26686383_fig4_types-of-offshore-wind-turbine-foundations-reproduced-from-ref-12-source-principle Nenuphar, n.d, www.nenuphar-wind.com/en/ Makani, n.d, www.google.com/makani/ Hexicon, n.d, www.hexicon.eu/offshore-platform/hexicon-platform.html
Relative importance High-impact tech solutions 5 Next generation turbines Floating foundations 4 Integrated turbine installation Airborne wind HVDC infrastructure 3 2 DC power takeoff and array cables Site layout optimisation Increased turbine rating Reducing electrical infrastructure Wind farm-level control strategies Blade design and manufacture Personnel access systems 1 Offshore turbine pre-commissioning Self-installing foundations 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 Anticipated BVG Associates commercialisation 216 Turbines Development Support structure Electrical interconnection Installation Operation, Maintenance and Service
Annual installed capacity (GW) Operating capacity (GW) Annual installed capacity (GW) Operating capacity (GW) Annual installed capacity (GW) Operating capacity (GW) Offshore wind s journey to 245 2 Europe Source: BVG Associates 2 2 Asia 2 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 Year of commissioning Operating capacity band Annual install Operating capacity 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 Year of commissioning Operating capacity band Annual install Operating capacity 2 15 Rest of the world Source: BVG Associates 2 15 1 1 5 5 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 Year of commissioning Operating capacity band Annual install Operating capacity
What can policy-makers do? Clarifying the long-term policy direction Supporting skills development Exchange of information with and within the industry (nomenclature and standards) Enabling supply chain development to commercialize technology
Thank you very much for your attention!