TABLE C-34 RESIDENT LIVE BIRTHS, ALL DEATHS, INFANT, NEONATAL, AND FETAL DEATHS FOR SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES, NUMBER AND RATE*: PENNSYLVANIA, 1996 --------------------------- LIVE BIRTHS ALL DEATHS INFANT DEATHS NEONATAL DEATHS FETAL DEATHS -------- MUNICIPALITY NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER** RATE --------------------------- STATE TOTAL 147,890 12.3 128,028 10.6 1,145 7.7 796 5.4 1,539 10.3 ALLENTOWN 1,659 16.2 1,158 11.3 12 7.2 9 5.4 21 12.5 ALTOONA 667 13.3 630 12.6 7 10.5 5 7.5 7 10.4 BETHEL PARK 354 10.5 289 8.6 0-0 - 3 8.4 BETHLEHEM 857 12.2 771 11.0 4 4.7 0-9 10.4 CHESTER 757 18.6 497 12.2 11 14.5 7 9.2 20 25.7 EASTON 390 15.1 298 11.6 6 15.4 3 7.7 6 15.2 ERIE 1,886 17.9 1,228 11.7 18 9.5 13 6.9 30 15.7 HARRISBURG 1,010 19.8 658 12.9 10 9.9 6 5.9 18 17.5 JOHNSTOWN 399 15.3 482 18.5 7 17.5 5 12.5 9 22.1 LANCASTER 1,164 21.7 548 10.2 9 7.7 5 4.3 8 6.8 MCKEESPORT 425 18.2 397 17.0 3 7.1 2 4.7 3 7.0 MONROEVILLE 323 11.3 322 11.3 3 9.3 1 3.1 2 6.2 NEW CASTLE 422 15.7 420 15.7 6 14.2 3 7.1 7 16.3 NORRISTOWN 569 19.0 416 13.9 4 7.0 4 7.0 9 15.6 PHILADELPHIA 22,753 15.4 18,492 12.5 278 12.2 195 8.6 345 14.9 PITTSBURGH 4,679 13.4 4,573 13.1 49 10.5 33 7.1 68 14.3 PLUM 233 8.8 181 6.8 1 4.3 1 4.3 4 16.9 READING 1,606 21.2 881 11.6 16 10.0 11 6.8 13 8.0 SCRANTON 912 11.8 1,216 15.8 5 5.5 2 2.2 10 10.8 STATE COLLEGE 211 5.4 128 3.2 2 9.5 2 9.5 2 9.4 WILKES BARRE 492 11.1 728 16.4 14 28.5 7 14.2 8 16.0 WILLIAMSPORT 462 15.1 351 11.5 6 13.0 4 8.7 7 14.9 YORK 745 18.3 458 11.2 12 16.1 9 12.1 12 15.9 ALL OTHER AREAS 104,915 11.4 92,906 10.1 662 6.3 469 4.5 918 8.7 --------------------------- * BIRTH AND DEATH CRUDE RATES PER 1,000 POPULATION, 1996. INFANT AND NEONATAL DEATH RATES PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS. FETAL DEATH RATES PER 1,000 DELIVERIES (LIVE BIRTHS + FETAL DEATHS). **FETAL DEATHS EXCLUDE INDUCED TERMINATIONS. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 174
TABLE C-35 RESIDENT DEATHS, INFANT, AND NEONATAL DEATHS FOR SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER AND AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE*: PENNSYLVANIA, 1992-1996 --------- ALL DEATHS INFANT DEATHS NEONATAL DEATHS 1992-1996 1992-1996 1992-1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------- MUNICIPALITY NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE --------- STATE TOTAL 629,667 10.5 6,405 8.2 4,337 5.6 ALLENTOWN 6,049 11.6 73 8.3 50 5.7 ALTOONA 3,331 13.1 34 10.1 20 6.0 BETHEL PARK 1,477 8.6 9 4.6 6 3.1 BETHLEHEM 3,934 11.1 32 7.1 19 4.2 CHESTER 2,759 13.4 72 17.0 46 10.8 EASTON 1,388 10.6 28 12.9 20 9.2 ERIE 6,276 11.7 114 11.2 79 7.8 HARRISBURG 3,436 13.4 90 15.6 51 8.9 JOHNSTOWN 2,379 17.7 24 12.3 18 9.2 LANCASTER 2,781 10.2 44 7.8 24 4.2 MCKEESPORT 2,161 17.9 18 8.8 13 6.4 MONROEVILLE 1,447 10.0 11 6.8 6 3.7 NEW CASTLE 2,180 15.9 28 12.8 18 8.2 NORRISTOWN 1,945 12.8 47 15.5 28 9.2 PHILADELPHIA 95,267 12.5 1,690 13.2 1,109 8.7 PITTSBURGH 23,418 13.1 325 13.2 233 9.5 PLUM 840 6.3 11 7.0 8 5.1 READING 4,296 11.2 73 8.7 49 5.8 SCRANTON 6,061 15.4 35 7.3 21 4.4 STATE COLLEGE 651 3.3 7 7.0 5 5.0 WILKES BARRE 3,624 15.9 45 17.2 27 10.3 WILLIAMSPORT 1,762 11.2 31 11.5 21 7.8 YORK 2,326 11.3 64 15.8 42 10.4 ALL OTHER AREAS 449,879 9.8 3,500 6.4 2,424 4.5 --------- * CRUDE DEATH RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION FOR EACH SPECIFIED AREA, 1992-1996. INFANT AND NEONATAL DEATH RATES PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS FOR EACH SPECIFIED AREA, 1992-1996. NOTE: SEE TECHNICAL NOTES FOR CRITERIA USED IN MUNICIPALITY SELECTION. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 176
TABLE C-36 RESIDENT DEATHS BY AGE GROUP FOR SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES PENNSYLVANIA, 1996 --- A G E A T D E A T H ( I N Y E A R S ) ---------------- TOTAL UNDER 85 & MUNICIPALITY DEATHS 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 OVER* --- STATE TOTAL 128,028 1,331 131 157 525 710 2,039 3,967 6,461 11,621 27,510 40,299 33,277 ALLENTOWN 1,158 12 0 1 2 6 16 34 60 112 204 359 352 ALTOONA 630 7 0 0 2 7 8 8 40 63 156 197 142 BETHEL PARK 289 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 12 16 71 98 86 BETHLEHEM 771 5 0 0 0 2 17 23 39 56 163 264 202 CHESTER 497 16 3 3 1 8 17 45 45 54 106 133 66 EASTON 298 6 0 1 0 1 6 14 16 31 69 87 67 ERIE 1,228 20 0 2 4 7 14 33 71 114 266 398 299 HARRISBURG 658 12 3 0 4 8 20 37 65 68 140 158 143 JOHNSTOWN 482 7 1 2 0 1 7 9 20 46 112 169 108 LANCASTER 548 10 1 3 0 4 25 30 43 52 84 175 121 MCKEESPORT 397 5 0 1 0 1 6 12 15 26 87 135 109 MONROEVILLE 322 3 0 0 1 1 2 7 13 26 95 84 90 NEW CASTLE 420 8 0 1 0 1 8 14 22 29 89 134 114 NORRISTOWN 416 4 2 0 0 6 22 25 27 49 86 111 84 PHILADELPHIA 18,492 310 17 17 153 189 572 1,056 1,367 2,072 3,847 5,001 3,891 PITTSBURGH 4,573 57 6 3 20 25 68 157 228 453 1,020 1,399 1,137 PLUM 181 1 0 1 2 0 2 4 6 16 37 71 41 READING 881 21 2 0 6 8 31 45 59 68 170 279 192 SCRANTON 1,216 5 0 0 2 4 15 26 51 97 249 412 355 STATE COLLEGE 128 2 0 0 1 2 2 5 6 8 13 43 46 WILKES BARRE 728 14 0 1 1 3 10 22 25 59 155 236 202 WILLIAMSPORT 351 7 1 1 0 0 2 13 16 40 58 108 105 YORK 458 12 0 0 4 5 12 32 37 51 94 117 94 ALL OTHER AREAS 92,906 787 95 120 322 420 1,155 2,313 4,178 8,015 20,139 30,131 25,231 --- * UNKNOWN AGE INCLUDED IN THE 85 & OVER AGE GROUP. NOTE: SEE TECHNICAL NOTES FOR CRITERIA USED IN MUNICIPALITY SELECTION. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 179
TABLE C-37 RESIDENT DEATHS BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN FOR SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES, PENNSYLVANIA, 1996 R A C E ----------------------------------------- HISPANIC MUNICIPALITY ALL RACES WHITE* BLACK ORIGIN STATE TOTAL 128,028 115,644 11,937 1,161 ALLENTOWN 1,158 1,117 35 55 ALTOONA 630 614 12 1 BETHEL PARK 289 286 2 0 BETHLEHEM 771 756 14 37 CHESTER 497 173 324 9 EASTON 298 272 25 9 ERIE 1,228 1,137 89 6 HARRISBURG 658 387 267 22 JOHNSTOWN 482 454 28 2 LANCASTER 548 498 47 55 MCKEESPORT 397 343 54 1 MONROEVILLE 322 298 22 0 NEW CASTLE 420 397 23 1 NORRISTOWN 416 328 87 8 PHILADELPHIA 18,492 10,867 7,430 506 PITTSBURGH 4,573 3,452 1,109 8 PLUM 181 178 3 0 READING 881 811 66 77 SCRANTON 1,216 1,202 12 7 STATE COLLEGE 128 126 1 2 WILKES BARRE 728 715 13 3 WILLIAMSPORT 351 333 17 0 YORK 458 386 72 25 ALL OTHER AREAS 92,906 90,514 2,185 327 * UNKNOWN RACE INCLUDED IN THE WHITE CATEGORY. NOTE: HISPANIC ORIGIN CAN BE OF ANY RACE. SEE TECHNICAL NOTES FOR CRITERIA USED IN MUNICIPALITY SELECTION. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 180
TABLE C-38 RESIDENT INFANT DEATHS BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN FOR SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES, PENNSYLVANIA, 1996 R A C E ----------------------------------------- HISPANIC MUNICIPALITY ALL RACES WHITE* BLACK ORIGIN STATE TOTAL 1,145 792 339 65 ALLENTOWN 12 10 2 6 ALTOONA 7 7 0 0 BETHLEHEM 4 4 0 0 CHESTER 11 2 9 1 EASTON 6 1 5 0 ERIE 18 13 5 0 HARRISBURG 10 6 4 0 JOHNSTOWN 7 4 3 0 LANCASTER 9 7 2 4 MCKEESPORT 3 1 2 0 MONROEVILLE 3 2 1 0 NEW CASTLE 6 6 0 0 NORRISTOWN 4 1 3 0 PHILADELPHIA 278 75 196 27 PITTSBURGH 49 16 33 0 PLUM 1 1 0 0 READING 16 14 2 9 SCRANTON 5 5 0 0 STATE COLLEGE 2 2 0 0 WILKES BARRE 14 11 3 0 WILLIAMSPORT 6 5 1 0 YORK 12 8 4 3 ALL OTHER AREAS 662 591 64 15 * UNKNOWN RACE INCLUDED IN THE WHITE CATEGORY. NOTE: HISPANIC ORIGIN CAN BE OF ANY RACE. SEE TECHNICAL NOTES FOR CRITERIA USED IN MUNICIPALITY SELECTION. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 181
TABLE C-39 PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1996 ------ H E A R T D I S E A S E M A L I G N A N T N E O P L A S M S ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- TOTAL ISCHEMIC EXCL. ACUTE OTHER TOTAL TRACHEA, HEART ACUTE MYOCAR- MYOCARDIAL HEART MALIGNANT BRONCHUS, LUNG, MUNICIPALITY ALL CAUSES DISEASE DIAL INFARCT. INFARCTION DISEASE NEOPLASMS AND PLEURA COLON ------ STATE TOTAL 128,028 43,231 13,380 13,439 16,412 30,269 8,114 3,070 ALLENTOWN 1,158 400 131 123 146 289 75 26 ALTOONA 630 208 65 83 60 175 57 18 BETHEL PARK 289 88 48 20 20 74 22 8 BETHLEHEM 771 262 84 63 115 187 42 16 CHESTER 497 123 33 37 53 114 29 14 EASTON 298 98 45 20 33 84 20 8 ERIE 1,228 403 112 143 148 272 82 26 HARRISBURG 658 212 46 71 95 143 48 11 JOHNSTOWN 482 185 59 59 67 108 23 14 LANCASTER 548 167 57 30 80 115 25 16 MCKEESPORT 397 163 54 59 50 68 15 7 MONROEVILLE 322 105 38 36 31 85 31 8 NEW CASTLE 420 156 54 62 40 105 26 11 NORRISTOWN 416 113 32 26 55 112 32 15 PHILADELPHIA 18,492 5,623 1,234 1,611 2,778 4,350 1,278 412 PITTSBURGH 4,573 1,549 469 427 653 1,105 334 111 PLUM 181 54 18 16 20 50 14 4 READING 881 274 68 92 114 196 59 24 SCRANTON 1,216 490 153 143 194 237 59 24 STATE COLLEGE 128 30 7 11 12 27 4 2 WILKES BARRE 728 281 87 92 102 152 30 28 WILLIAMSPORT 351 132 38 44 50 61 16 6 YORK 458 129 31 45 53 108 27 9 ALL OTHER AREAS 92,906 31,986 10,417 10,126 11,443 22,052 5,766 2,252 ------ PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 182
TABLE C-39 (CONTINUED) PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1996 M A L I G N A N T N E O P L A S M S -------- NON-HODGKIN'S ALL MUNICIPALITY FEMALE BREAST PROSTATE PANCREAS LYMPHOMAS LEUKEMIAS OTHER SITES STATE TOTAL 2,524 1,919 1,498 1,267 1,169 10,708 ALLENTOWN 32 13 11 15 13 104 ALTOONA 13 11 11 6 3 56 BETHEL PARK 9 8 2 6 0 19 BETHLEHEM 7 8 7 8 14 85 CHESTER 12 11 4 4 5 35 EASTON 10 1 4 3 4 34 ERIE 29 16 9 11 7 92 HARRISBURG 13 6 9 9 0 47 JOHNSTOWN 12 8 2 5 2 42 LANCASTER 14 9 9 6 5 31 MCKEESPORT 3 8 7 2 3 23 MONROEVILLE 6 5 3 4 2 26 NEW CASTLE 7 5 3 6 6 41 NORRISTOWN 9 11 3 4 6 32 PHILADELPHIA 315 283 225 142 134 1,561 PITTSBURGH 76 52 60 47 49 376 PLUM 5 3 2 5 1 16 READING 12 6 9 10 7 69 SCRANTON 19 13 9 9 4 100 STATE COLLEGE 2 4 1 2 3 9 WILKES BARRE 17 8 9 4 2 54 WILLIAMSPORT 5 0 2 2 3 27 YORK 9 10 3 3 4 43 ALL OTHER AREAS 1,888 1,420 1,094 954 892 7,786 PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 183
TABLE C-39 (CONTINUED) PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1996 ---------------------------- UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES CHRONIC ---------------------- CEREBROVASCU- OBSTRUCTIVE PNEUMONIA & MOTOR DIABETES MUNICIPALITY LAR DISEASE PULMONARY DIS INFLUENZA OTHER VEHICLE MELLITUS ---------------------------- STATE TOTAL 8,582 5,368 4,347 2,752 1,522 3,543 ALLENTOWN 76 55 27 18 4 34 ALTOONA 28 28 25 12 10 17 BETHEL PARK 26 11 15 7 0 5 BETHLEHEM 57 42 18 22 4 20 CHESTER 33 15 9 13 2 23 EASTON 18 12 11 6 3 12 ERIE 109 47 35 23 5 40 HARRISBURG 26 30 29 15 7 14 JOHNSTOWN 28 26 11 10 5 8 LANCASTER 38 24 20 24 6 21 MCKEESPORT 28 13 9 5 4 11 MONROEVILLE 24 10 7 5 2 11 NEW CASTLE 12 16 9 9 4 13 NORRISTOWN 28 15 11 11 5 7 PHILADELPHIA 1,105 638 496 603 152 457 PITTSBURGH 315 193 178 94 24 123 PLUM 8 9 4 3 1 6 READING 54 47 27 19 10 20 SCRANTON 84 64 41 18 2 23 STATE COLLEGE 10 4 9 2 2 5 WILKES BARRE 46 24 23 6 6 32 WILLIAMSPORT 21 19 14 9 4 17 YORK 27 23 12 27 5 13 ALL OTHER AREAS 6,381 4,003 3,307 1,791 1,255 2,611 ---------------------------- PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 184
TABLE C-39 (CONTINUED) PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1996 -- NEPHRITIS AND LIVER DISEASE HIV ALZHEIMER'S MUNICIPALITY SEPTICEMIA NEPHROSIS SUICIDE AND CIRRHOSIS INFECTION DISEASE -- STATE TOTAL 1,874 1,754 1,405 1,097 1,057 930 ALLENTOWN 18 15 13 13 14 11 ALTOONA 9 14 3 4 2 4 BETHEL PARK 6 3 0 4 1 2 BETHLEHEM 7 12 5 4 11 9 CHESTER 13 8 4 6 30 2 EASTON 1 7 4 2 2 1 ERIE 12 15 11 12 9 15 HARRISBURG 10 15 4 7 28 2 JOHNSTOWN 7 8 7 7 2 1 LANCASTER 3 14 5 4 13 5 MCKEESPORT 10 5 4 7 3 3 MONROEVILLE 6 6 1 3 3 1 NEW CASTLE 8 14 2 5 1 1 NORRISTOWN 4 7 5 4 10 1 PHILADELPHIA 439 279 194 214 519 65 PITTSBURGH 69 74 27 53 33 21 PLUM 2 3 1 2 1 3 READING 12 10 20 16 14 3 SCRANTON 16 21 9 23 7 11 STATE COLLEGE 4 2 1 2 0 1 WILKES BARRE 12 7 4 11 2 7 WILLIAMSPORT 2 8 4 5 5 0 YORK 5 4 16 7 17 1 ALL OTHER AREAS 1,199 1,203 1,061 682 330 760 -- PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 185
TABLE C-39 (CONTINUED) PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1996 ATHERO- HOMICIDE AND PARKINSON'S PERINATAL ALL OTHER MUNICIPALITY SCLEROSIS LEGAL INTERV DISEASE HYPERTENSION CONDITION CAUSES STATE TOTAL 773 705 678 593 565 16,983 ALLENTOWN 3 6 10 3 6 143 ALTOONA 2 1 3 2 3 80 BETHEL PARK 3 2 5 1 0 36 BETHLEHEM 3 2 3 5 1 97 CHESTER 0 9 4 1 6 82 EASTON 0 0 0 0 1 36 ERIE 3 6 7 7 9 188 HARRISBURG 6 16 2 3 5 84 JOHNSTOWN 5 0 0 11 4 49 LANCASTER 6 4 1 4 3 71 MCKEESPORT 7 3 1 0 2 51 MONROEVILLE 1 2 2 2 2 44 NEW CASTLE 3 1 3 3 2 53 NORRISTOWN 2 7 0 1 3 70 PHILADELPHIA 49 401 71 79 150 2,608 PITTSBURGH 21 48 26 24 30 566 PLUM 2 0 3 0 1 28 READING 2 13 5 4 7 128 SCRANTON 4 1 8 4 3 150 STATE COLLEGE 1 1 3 1 1 22 WILKES BARRE 13 1 5 4 5 87 WILLIAMSPORT 2 4 0 1 4 39 YORK 3 2 1 1 6 51 ALL OTHER AREAS 632 175 515 432 311 12,220 PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 186
TABLE C-40 NUMBER AND AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE*: PENNSYLVANIA RESIDENTS, 1992-1996 ---- MALIGNANT CEREBROVASCULAR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PNEUMONIA HEART DISEASE NEOPLASMS DISEASE PULMONARY DISEASE & INFLUENZA ---- MUNICIPALITY NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE ---- STATE TOTAL 216,477 359.6 150,618 250.2 40,644 67.5 25,760 42.8 21,025 34.9 ALLENTOWN 2,152 414.0 1,369 263.4 378 72.7 260 50.0 195 37.5 ALTOONA 1,248 490.1 734 288.3 229 89.9 148 58.1 119 46.7 BETHEL PARK 507 296.6 418 244.6 107 62.6 63 36.9 43 25.2 BETHLEHEM 1,299 366.1 972 273.9 242 68.2 204 57.5 93 26.2 CHESTER 745 363.2 608 296.4 185 90.2 96 46.8 82 40.0 EASTON 517 396.6 334 256.2 74 56.8 51 39.1 56 43.0 ERIE 2,060 385.6 1,405 263.0 555 103.9 270 50.5 211 39.5 HARRISBURG 1,068 415.3 728 283.1 179 69.6 128 49.8 134 52.1 JOHNSTOWN 886 658.7 570 423.8 162 120.4 103 76.6 54 40.1 LANCASTER 927 341.4 593 218.4 153 56.3 118 43.5 86 31.7 MCKEESPORT 780 645.7 455 376.7 118 97.7 102 84.4 73 60.4 MONROEVILLE 485 334.9 378 261.0 97 67.0 50 34.5 48 33.1 NEW CASTLE 910 664.7 489 357.2 108 78.9 79 57.7 70 51.1 NORRISTOWN 546 360.4 465 306.9 118 77.9 88 58.1 40 26.4 PHILADELPHIA 29,390 387.1 22,371 294.6 5,549 73.1 3,063 40.3 2,545 33.5 PITTSBURGH 8,049 448.8 5,519 307.8 1,413 78.8 983 54.8 879 49.0 PLUM 268 202.3 217 163.8 67 50.6 32 24.1 22 16.6 READING 1,406 366.0 976 254.0 255 66.4 193 50.2 144 37.5 SCRANTON 2,463 625.3 1,328 337.1 384 97.5 280 71.1 207 52.6 STATE COLLEGE 207 104.6 146 73.8 57 28.8 25 12.6 28 14.1 WILKES BARRE 1,442 632.2 779 341.5 204 89.4 154 67.5 94 41.2 WILLIAMSPORT 588 375.2 393 250.8 104 66.4 107 68.3 57 36.4 YORK 721 349.5 520 252.1 150 72.7 91 44.1 54 26.2 ALL OTHER AREAS 157,813 345.1 108,851 238.0 29,756 65.1 19,072 41.7 15,691 34.3 ---- * RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION FOR EACH SPECIFIED AREA, 1992-1996. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH--PENNSYLVANIA VITAL STATISTICS 1996--PAGE 187