Heating period features in Ukraine till the middle of the 21st century based on ensemble and individual RCM projections

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Heating period features in Ukraine till the middle of the 21st century based on ensemble and individual RCM projections Svitlana Krakovska 1, N. Gnatiuk 1,2, T. Shpytal 1, L. Palamarchuk 1,3 1 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine, krasvit@ua.fm 2 Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia 3 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

Purpose Purpose : Extend abilities of using climatic data for planning energy sector development (impact study) Develop methodology of using regional climate models (RCM) for calculation specialized climatic characteristics Calculate possible changes of the heating period duration and its average temperatures to the middle of the 21 st century for the whole territory of Ukraine, its regions and administrative centers 2

Materials and Methods Specialized climatic characteristics (indices) to estimate energy consumption Data used : Duration of the period with air temperature Т 8 ºС (from September to May); The average temperature of heating period; The temperature of the coldest 5-day period; The average temperature of the 5 the coldest 5-day periods during the 10 years; The temperature of the warmest 5-day period. RCM s outputs from the European Project FP-6 ENSEMBLES, for А1В emission scenario (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk); surface air temperature from E-Obs database gridded observational data (Hofstra N. et al., 2009); Ukrainian national standard «Building climatology», 2010 3

Materials and Methods Regions: the whole territory of the country separately for 5 selected regions (North, South, West, East and Centre) for the 25 administrative centers Periods (two approaches): 10-years periods from 2001 to 20 (2001-2010 for model verification and reference) 30-years periods: 1961-1990, 1981-2010 and 2021-20 4

The temperature of the coldest 5-day period (RCM RЕМО) W C E S N - North, W - West, C - Centre, E - East, S - South 5

The average temperature of 5 the coldest 5-days periods (RCM RЕМО) 0 Тº -5-10 -15-20 -25 EOBS (2001-2010) 2001-2010 2011-2020 2021-2030 2031-2040 2041-20 Північ -16,5-19,8-17,6-17,0-11,9-14,5 W C E S Захід -15,5-17,1-15,4-13,2-9,9-11,8 Центр -15,7-17,1-15,1-13,4-9,3-10,8 Схід -16,9-20,3-19,4-17,2-12,5-13,9 Південь -12,7-11,1-10,4-7,4-4,4-5,3 N - North, W - West, C - Centre, E - East, S - South 6

The average temperature of the period with Т< 8 ºС (from September to May) (RCM RЕМО) 4 Тº 3 2 1 0-1 -2 EOBS (2001-2010) 2001-2010 2011-2020 2021-2030 2031-2040 2041-20 Північ -0,5-1,6-1,0-0,7 0,5 0,4 W C E S Захід 0,0-0,3 0,0 0,3 1,2 1,2 Центр -0,2-0,6 0,0 0,1 1,3 1,4 Схід -0,5-1,7-1,0-0,7 0,6 0,6 Південь 1,1 1,5 1,9 2,2 3,1 3,2 N - North, W - West, C - Centre, E - East, S - South 7

The duration of the period with Т < 8º C (from September to May) (RCM RЕМО) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Дні EOBS (2001-2010) 2001-2010 2011-2020 2021-2030 2031-2040 2041-20 Північ 170 179 172 169 166 166 W C E S Захід 169 171 167 167 158 159 Центр 163 165 158 153 151 1 Схід 166 169 162 155 155 156 Південь 147 140 131 127 122 123 N - North, W - West, C - Centre, E - East, S - South 8

The temperature of the hottest 5-day period (RCM RЕМО) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Тº EOBS (2001-2010) 2001-2010 2011-2020 2021-2030 2031-2040 2041-20 Північ 29,0 28,0 26,8 27,5 31,9 26,5 W C E S Захід 26,2 25,7 26,0 27,0 29,0 26,8 Центр 29,3 29,9 29,2 29,0 34,0 28,5 Схід 30,0 29,6 30,0 30,7 33,7 28,8 Південь 29,5 29,5 30,1 29,6 33,6 30,0 N - North, W - West, C - Centre, E - East, S - South 9

Air temperature The difference between 10 RCM ensemble and E-Obs (1991-2010) mean value: -0,07 С 53 Різниця між проекцією на 1991-2010 ансамбля з 10РКМ та E-Obs, грс середнє значення: -0,07 ос 51 Широта, град. 49 47 45-0.45 to -0.4-0.4 to -0.2-0.2 to 0 0 to 0.2 0.2 to 0.4 0.4 to 0.6 0.6 to 0.8 0.8 to 1.12 44 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Довгота, град. 10

The duration of the period with Т < 8º C (2001-2010) North West Centre East South Ukr 11

Mean temperature of the period with Т< 8 ºС (2001-2010) 2,5 ТºС 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0-0,5-1,0-1,5-2,0-2,5 Results 1,5-0,4-0,4-0,6-1,5-1,7 North West Centre East South all Північ Захід Центр Схід Південь Україна EOBS -0,5 0,0-0,2-0,5 1,0 0,0 Max_10 0,8 1,2 1,1-0,1 2,3 1,2 Min_10-2,1-0,8-1,0-1,7 1,0-0,8 REMO -1,5-0,4-0,6-1,7 1,5-0,4 ENS_10RCM -0,8 0,0-0,2-0,9 1,4 0,0 12

E-Obs Results Mean temperature of the heating period (2001-2010) ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -2 до -1.5 від -1.5 до -1 від -1 до -0.5 від -0.5 до 0 від 0 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 1 від 1 до 1.5 від 1.5 до 2 від 2 до 2.5 від 2.5 до 3 від 3 до 4 від 4 до 4.5 10 RCM ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -2 до -1.5 від -1.5 до -1 від -1 до -0.5 від -0.5 до 0 від 0 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 1 від 1 до 1.5 від 1.5 до 2 від 2 до 2.5 від 2.5 до 3 від 3 до 4 від 4 до 4.5 13

E-Obs 10 RCM Results Mean temperature of the heating period (2001-2010) ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -2 до -1.5 від -1.5 до -1 від -1 до -0.5 від -0.5 до 0 від 0 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 1 від 1 до 1.5 від 1.5 до 2 від 2 до 2.5 від 2.5 до 3 від 3 до 4 від 4 до 4.5 ТЕМПЕРАТУРА E-Obs 10RCM від -2 до -1.5 від -1.5 до -1 від -1 до -0.5 22 24 26 від -0.5 до 0 від 0 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 1 28 від 1 до 30 1.5 32 34 36 38 40 від 1.5 до Довгота, 2 гр. від 2 до 2.5 від 2.5 до 3 від 3 до 4 від 4 до 4.5 ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -2 до -1.5 від -1.5 до -1.2 від -1.2 до -1 від -1 до -0.8 від -0.8 до -0.6 від -0.6 до -0.4 від -0.4 до -0.2 від -0.2 до 0 від 0 до 0.2 від 0.2 до 0.4 від 0.4 до 0.6 від 0.6 до 0.8 The averaged difference -0,19 о С 14

The duration of the heating period (2001-2010) E-Obs days ДНІ від 105 до 120 від 120 до 130 від 130 до 140 від 140 до 145 від 145 до 1 від 1 до 155 від 155 до 160 від 160 до 165 від 165 до 170 від 170 до 175 від 175 до 180 від 180 до 195 від 195 до 216 10 RCM days ДНІ від 105 до 120 від 120 до 130 від 130 до 140 від 140 до 145 від 145 до 1 від 1 до 155 від 155 до 160 від 160 до 165 від 165 до 170 від 170 до 175 від 175 до 180 від 180 до 196 15

E-Obs Results The duration of the heating period (2001-2010) 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 E-Obs 10RCM 10 RCM від 180 до 196 The averaged difference +1,6 days days ДНІ від 105 до 120 від 120 до 130 від 130 до 140 від 140 до 145 від 145 до 1 від 1 до 155 від 155 до 160 від 160 до 165 від 165 до 170 від 170 до 175 від 175 до 180 від 180 до 195 від 195 до 216 ДНІ від 105 до 120 від 120 до 130 від 130 до 140 від 140 до 145 від 145 до 1 від 1 до 155 22 24 26 28 від 15530 до 160 32 34 36 38 40 від 160 до 165 від 165 до 170 від 170 до 175 від 175 до 180 days ДНІ від -16 до -12 від -12 до -8 від -8 до -4 від -4 до 0 від 0 до 4 від 4 до 8 від 8 до 12 від 12 до 16 від 16 до 20 від 20 до 24 від 24 до 27 16

ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -0.5 до -0.2 від -0.2 до 0 від 0 до 0.1 від 0.1 до 0.2 від 0.2 до 0.3 від 0.3 до 0.4 від 0.4 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 0.6 від 0.6 до 0.7 від 0.7 до 0.8 від 0.8 до 1 від 1 до 1.3 Mean temperature changes between 2011-2020 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble days ДНІ від -18 до -15 від -15 до -12 від -12 до -9 від -9 до -6 від -6 до -3 від -3 до 0 від 0 до 3 від 3 до 6 від 6 до 9 від 9 до 12 від 12 до 20 Heating period duration changes between 2011-2020 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble 17

ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -0.5 до -0.2 від -0.2 до 0 від 0 до 0.1 від 0.1 до 0.2 від 0.2 до 0.3 від 0.3 до 0.4 від 0.4 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 0.6 від 0.6 до 0.7 від 0.7 до 0.8 від 0.8 до 1 від 1 до 1.3 Mean temperature changes between 2021-2030 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble days ДНІ від -18 до -15 від -15 до -12 від -12 до -9 від -9 до -6 від -6 до -3 від -3 до 0 від 0 до 3 від 3 до 6 від 6 до 9 від 9 до 12 від 12 до 20 Heating period duration changes between 2021-2030 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble 18

ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -0.5 до -0.2 від -0.2 до 0 від 0 до 0.1 від 0.1 до 0.2 від 0.2 до 0.3 від 0.3 до 0.4 від 0.4 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 0.6 від 0.6 до 0.7 від 0.7 до 0.8 від 0.8 до 1 від 1 до 1.3 days ДНІ від -18 до -15 від -15 до -12 від -12 до -9 від -9 до -6 від -6 до -3 від -3 до 0 від 0 до 3 від 3 до 6 від 6 до 9 від 9 до 12 від 12 до 15 Mean temperature changes between 2031-2040 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble Heating period duration changes between 2031-2040 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble 19

ТЕМПЕРАТУРА temperature від -0.5 до -0.2 від -0.2 до 0 від 0 до 0.1 від 0.1 до 0.2 від 0.2 до 0.3 від 0.3 до 0.4 від 0.4 до 0.5 від 0.5 до 0.6 від 0.6 до 0.7 від 0.7 до 0.8 від 0.8 до 1 від 1 до 1.3 days ДНІ від -18 до -15 від -15 до -12 від -12 до -9 від -9 до -6 від -6 до -3 від -3 до 0 від 0 до 3 від 3 до 6 від 6 до 9 від 9 до 12 від 12 до 15 Mean temperature changes between 2041-20 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble Heating period duration changes between 2041-20 and 2001-2010 based on 10 RCMs ensemble 20

Days 190 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 1 184 167 176 157 187 187 170 Житомир Киев Сумы Чернигов Донецк Луганск Харьков 164 176 Results Present and projected duration of the heating period for the administrative centers of northern and eastern regions of Ukraine Zhytomyr Kyiv Sumy Chernihiv Donetsk Luhansk Kharkiv 1961-1990 1981-2010 1961-2005 1961-1990 1981-2010 2021-20 Eobs 1990 Eobs 2010 Standart Mod 1990 Mod 2010 Eobs RCM 159 172 157 179 163 The specified methodology included calculations by the ensemble with 6 RCM from the European project FP-6 ENSEMBLES 1. REMO-ECHAM5 2. RCA3-ECHAM5 3. RegCM3-ECHAM5 4. RACMO2-ECHAM5 5. RM5.1 (Aladin)-ARPEGE 6. HIRHAM-BCM and using additive method (adding projected changes To the present E-Obs data) 23

190 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 1 145 Days 179 180 179 140 ИІвано- Франковск 169 Present and predictive duration of the heating period for the administrative centers of western regions of Ukraine 170 165 182 170 Ivano- Lutsk Lviv Rivne Ternopil Uzhhorod Khmelnytskyy Chernivtsi Frankivsk 1961-1990 1981-2010 1961-2005 1961-1990 1981-2010 2021-20 184 Луцк Львов Ровно Тернополь Ужгород Хмельницкй Черновцы Eobs 1961-1990 Eobs 1981-2010 Standart Mod 1961-1990 Mod 1981-2010 Eobs+ RCM 167 154 141 183 168 175 161 The specified methodology included calculations by the ensemble with 6 RCMs from the European project FP-6 ENSEMBLES 1. REMO-ECHAM5 2. RCA3-ECHAM5 3. RegCM3-ECHAM5 4. RACMO2-ECHAM5 5. RM5.1 (Aladin)-ARPEGE 6. HIRHAM-BCM and using additive method (summing of predictive Changes and the present E-Obs data) 24

Present and predictive duration of the heating period for the administrative centers of southern and central Ukrainian regions 190 185 180 175 170 165 160 155 1 145 140 Days 182 167 172 159 175 157 178 178 163 158 135 Винница Днепроп. Кировоград Полтава Черкассы Запорожье Николаев Одесса Симфероп. Херсон Vinnytsya Dnipropetr. Kirovohrad Poltava Cherkasy Zaporizhzhya Nikolayev Odesa Simferopol Kherson 1961-1990 1981-2010 1961-2005 1961-1990 1981-2010 2021-20 Eobs 1961-1990 Eobs 1981-2010 Standart Mod 1961-1990 Mod 1981-2010 Eobs+ RCM 166 154 161 151 158 136 154 141 163 1 The specified methodology included calculations by the ensemble with 6 RCMs from the European project FP-6 ENSEMBLES 1. REMO-ECHAM5 2. RCA3-ECHAM5 3. RegCM3-ECHAM5 4. RACMO2-ECHAM5 5. RM5.1 (Aladin)-ARPEGE 6. HIRHAM-BCM and using additive method (summing of predictive Changes and the present E-Obs data) 25

Conclusions and discussion Conclusions The expected temperature increase to the mid-21 st century certainly lead to changes of the heating period duration in the Ukrainian regions. The heating period will reduced over all territory in 2021-20 based on 6 RCM ensemble. Minimum reducing - 10 days (Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Nikolaev); maximum reducing - 23 days (Chernigiv) and 22 days (Odesa). 10 RCM ensemble projection shows not essential decrease of mean temperature (-0,16 о С) and extension of the heating period duration (+8 days) in 2011-2020. The opposite temperature trends are expected on north-west (2021-2030) and for the heating period duration on south (only in 2031-2040). Temperature increasing is expected over all territory of Ukraine (with max on north, Carpathian mountains and east (> +1 о С)) in 2041-20 (in reference to 2001-2010). The heating period duration will decrease from 5 days to more then 14 days (south region), except of the Carpathian mountains 26

Thank you for your attention!