Increasing Nighttime Seatbelt Usage Rates: An Evaluation of Enforcement, Education, and Outreach Strategies Shashi Nambisan Jerry Everett, Matt Cate Center for Transportation Research University of Tennessee, Knoxville Tennessee Section ITE Spring 2015 Meeting Kingsport, TN May 21, 2015
Project Overview 3-year CDC funded research project Additional support from TN GHSO Target age group: 16-34 year olds Study area: 5 east TN counties + control county Community support/participation is key Lessons learned to be shared across US 2
Study Setting and Potential Observation Sites 3
Seatbelts Save Lives Use of seatbelts save > 15,000 annually Statewide ave. daytime SB use rate in TN ~88 % Nighttime seatbelt usage rate ~ 15 % lower Studies show that about half of TN highway traffic crash fatalities are unbuckled => 50% of the traffic fatalities come from 12% of our population 4
TN Seat Belt Usage 2000-2014 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% Usage Rate 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% All Vehicles Cars Pickup Trucks Vans SUVs 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year 5
Average: TN vs National 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Tennessee National Avg 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 6
CTR Survey Research Findings Seat belt usage tends to be lower for those With a high school education or less (vs. college) Who are black or Asian (vs. Caucasian) Who are between the ages of 18-45 Who earn less than $30K/year Who drive pick up trucks 7
Develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot program which o combines increased targeted nighttime seatbelt use enforcement and o broad community based outreach & education (O&E) activities including paid media campaigns Assess how such interventions o affect nighttime seatbelt usage rates and impaired driving o are related to socio-demographic, spatial, and temporal characteristics o affect other traffic violations Project Aims o are related to other societal indicators of public safety o influence morbidity and mortality due to such crashes 8
Collaborators and Partners Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention Prof. Mack Shelley, Iowa State University (Statistician) Tombras, Knoxville, TN (Advertising and media) Law Enforcement Agencies: State and Local TDOT and TDOS Hospitality industry University of Tennessee o Athletics, Greek Communities, College of Business, ITE Student Chapter Colleges and High-Schools Health Departments and Programs Arenas, Coliseums, Stadia Conventions and Professional Sports: Baseball, Hockey Others??: Regal Cinemas, UT Honors Council, Retail outlets 9
Study Area: All MV Citations 30,000 25,000 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 20,000 All Citations 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003-2012) 10
Study Area: Seat Belt Citations 2500 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford Number of Seat Belt Citations 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003-2012) 11
Study Area: % Seat Belt Citations % Citations Issued for Restraint Law Violations 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003-2012) 12
Crash Rates Per 100,000 Drivers 0.3 0.2 Fatal Crash Rate Rate 0.1 Rate 15 10 5 0 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford Injury Crash Rate 0 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 14
Phased approach for targeted nighttime enforcement activities and O&E efforts o Coordinate schedules for broadcast and social media based O&E efforts with existing efforts Targeted enforcement activities similar to those for DUI enforcement o saturation patrols o check points Intervention and Evaluation Typical timeline for enforcement activities and O&E intervention 15
Baseline SB Usage Rates 70 60 Vehicle Types Observed Car Truck SUV Van % of Each Type of Vehicle 50 40 30 20 657 1317 1018 419 941 10 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier 16
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Gender Seat Belt Usage Based - County 100 90 % of Male Drivers Belted % of Female Drivers Belted 80 % of Drivers Belted 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 17
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By County 100 Seat Belt Usage - Counties Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle 80 % of Drivers Belted 60 40 20 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 18
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Vehicle Type 90% Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 80% 70% % of Drivers Belted 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle Vehicle Type 19
Schedule Activity 2014 2015 Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Intercept/Phone Surveys Seatbelt Surveys Pilot Before During After/Before After Before After Before After After Before GHSO Campaigns CIOT Summer Heat Law Enforcement Activity Advise Backup Assist with Data Collection Additional locations Saturation Patrols Check Points Outreach & Education Broadcast Media Targeted Digital Media Community-based Social Media Pilot Test Pilot Test 20
Evaluation Observational seatbelt surveys Telephone/Web surveys Citation tracking Local assessments Statistical Analysis 21
Contact Information Shashi Nambisan shashi@utk.edu I distinctly said MONORAIL Did NOT!! 22
Revealed vs Stated Behavior 23