Track: Commercial Natural Gas I Unit #7: Natural Gas Vehicles An overview of the NGV Marketplace Ms. Tina Read, Energy Solutions Center 2018 Energy Solutions Center Inc. All Rights Reserved Overview NGV Market Background Vehicles and Conversions Fueling stations and Options Infrastructure Legislative updates Case Studies Resources 3 Why use CNG as a transportation fuel? Compressed Natural Gas is Clean, American, Affordable & Abundant CNG is the same natural gas that is piped into millions of homes for heating, domestic water heating and cooking CNG is better for the environment than traditional transportation fuels: approximately 6% to 11% lower levels of GHGs than gasoline (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas_emissions.html) 4 1
NGV Facts Approximately 150,000 NGVs are on U.S. roads today more than 15.2 million worldwide https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas.html (Jan. 2018) There are 1,600+ NGV fueling stations in the U.S. 900+ of the stations are open to the public Home Refueling Appliances are available https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_locations.html Vehicle Manufacturers in the U.S. Various manufacturers produce many models of light, medium, and heavy duty vehicles and engines 5 NGV Facts Natural gas varies in cost from ~$1.00 $2.00 less per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m 3 ) http://www.cngnow.com/average cng prices/pages/default.aspx Pricing from 2013 6 What is a GGE? Gasoline Gallon Equivalent comparing the BTU content per unit of each fuel type and then calculating the ratio. Metric GGE 1 kg of natural gas = 1.462 litres of diesel 1 kg of natural gas = 50,020 BTU 7 2
https://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10349 8 NGV Facts In the U.S. alone, NGVs offset the use of over 400 million gallons (1,514 million liters) of gasoline in 2015 NGVs meet the strictest emission standards, including California s AT PZEV standard NGVs are as safe as or safer than traditional gasoline or diesel vehicles 9 Canadian NGV Market In worldwide classification, Canada ranks 29 th with about 12,000 NGVs This number includes 300 heavy duty vehicles, 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light duty cars and trucks and 2,400 forklifts and ice resurfacers Canadian manufacturer s Cummins and Westport developing engines for NGV market 10 3
NGV Facts Transit buses in US Increased from 10,179 in 2007 to 16,416 in 2015 26 percent of all new transit bus orders over the last 5 years were for natural gas about 12 15% of public transit buses in the U.S. run on natural gas 11 NGV Facts Waste collection and transfer vehicles, which account for about 12 percent of total vehicular natural gas use, are the fastest growing NGV segment More than 35 airports in the U.S. have natural gas vehicles in their own fleets 9 percent of total vehicular natural gas use 12 NGV Safety Safety of CNG vehicles is on par or higher than with gasoline The pressurized tank is built to withstand severe impact, temperature and environment exposure CNG is lighter than air. It evaporates quickly into the atmosphere when there is a leak instead of collecting as a puddle under the car like gasoline Natural gas has very limited flammability it will not burn at concentrations below 5% or above about 15% when mixed with air 13 4
NGV Safety Gasoline and diesel burns at much lower concentrations and ignite at lower temperatures Natural gas is non toxic when evaporated into air CNG storage tanks also have an automatic relief valve When the pressure or temperature is excessive the valve will open and release the gas into the atmosphere to reduce the pressure 14 NGV Benefits Environment friendly No loss in performance Cost savings CNG vs. other fuel(s) Extended maintenance intervals Operational flexibility Extended driving range with dual fuel system 15 Natural Gas Vehicles Vehicle Development 5
Tank Development Pressures Weight of tank New Materials: Ingevity's Nuchar FuelSorb activated carbon monoliths 17 http://www.cngschool.com/cng tanks 18 Available Vehicles Light Duty Alternative Fuels Data Center https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/ 19 6
How does a dedicated NGV work? 20 Available Vehicles Medium and Heavy Duty Alternative Fuels Data Center https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/ 21 Available Vehicles Vehicles available as approved conversions and factory direct equipment Vehicle types Heavy Duty Heavy Haul Specialty Vehicles Sweepers Sedans, Trucks & SUVs 22 7
Fleet Conversions Fleet Conversions Approved conversion packages available from numerous manufacturers Allows for dual fuel option on vehicle including E 85 vehicles Dual fuel Diesel/Natural Gas systems available Diesel as a pilot fuel not a spark ignition engine Up to 85% Natural Gas 24 V5000 Engine Kit Installed Remote Display Unit ECM wire harness 3% by volume of Natural Gas in the turbo chamber. LEL(Lower Explosion Limit requires 5 15% by volume) Courtesy of W.W.Williams 25 8
Conversion Market Market Drivers 95% less particulate matter 80 % less nitrogen oxide Provides a reduction of 23% in greenhouse gas emissions when compared to diesel engines 26 NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems Systems may be ordered directly through automotive dealerships when placing an order for a new vehicle All of the systems listed are aftermarket from the standpoint that they are offered as modifications to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) gasoline or diesel fueled vehicles 27 NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems List is maintained by NGV America on their website at NGVAmerica.org https://www.ngvamerica.org/vehicles/vehicle availability/ 28 9
Codes & Standards Codes and Standards Designed to standardize connectors, on board storage and on site storage vessels Specifications for dispensers and dispensing equipment Primary authors ANSI American National Standards Institute CGA Compressed Gas Association NFPA National Fire Protection Association SAE Society of Automotive Engineers 30 Principle Codes, Standards and Advisories applicable to NGVs and Infrastructure NFPA 52 Vehicular Gaseous Fuel Systems Code 2010 new edition approved in 2013 ANSI NGV1 2006 Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fueling Connection Devices ANSI NGV2 2007 and 2012 Addendums 2a and 2b Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers Complete Listing at cleanvehicle.org Codes and Standards 31 10
Fueling Stations Current Outlook On site Fueling Stations Time Fill Station Fast Fill Stations Residential Appliance Public Fueling Stations 33 CNG Station Sizing Rules of Thumb Compressor capacity: 2 scfm per GGE/hr. Electricity for compression: ~ 1 kwh per GGE CNG storage available for fast fill: 0.35 x SCF at 4,500 psig 34 11
Time Fill Stations Gas Supply Dryer Compressor 3000 3600 psi Fill Posts (Temp. Compensation Control) Multiple Fill Posts 35 Time Fill Stations Use conventional reciprocating compressors 3 or 4 stages Fuel line directly connected to vehicle Vehicle fueled over hours from compressor Ideal for Fleet Operations that return daily for overnight fueling 36 Fast Fill Stations Storage Tanks Dryer Fuel Dispensing Vehicle Fill Control Gas Supply Compressor 3000 3600 PSI 37 12
Fast Fill Station http://cleanngreenfuel.com/ny/ http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/wp content/uploads/kwiktripnight e1335803641906 1024x310.jpg 38 Fast Fill Stations Use conventional reciprocating compressors 3 or 4 stages Fuel compressed and stored in large tanks Vehicle fueled in minutes Ideal for Public Fueling Stations and Fleet Operations that require rapid fueling Transit systems Short haul trucking firms Shuttle services 39 Public Fueling Stations Storage Tanks Dryer Fuel Dispensing Vehicle Fill Control Gas Supply Compressor 3000 3600 PSI 40 13
U.S. Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fueling Stations Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center, part of the DOE EERE office 41 Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fueling Stations Source: http://www.cngprices.com/station_map.php 42 Residential Appliance Fuels at rate of ~ ½ gallon/hr. Electrical: 240 VAC, 0.8 kwh Gas Supply Phill P36 (3600 psi) Phill P30 (3000 psi) 43 14
Residential Appliance Manufactured by BRC FuelMaker distributed and serviced in U.S. by IMPCO Maintenance free Certified as a Vehicle Refueling Appliance for indoor & outdoor use May open the opportunity for Lightduty/commuter market 44 Fueling Options Renewable Natural Gas 46 15
Biogas AKA RNG Renewable Natural Gas in a raw form The United States could generate up to 420 billion cubic feet of renewable natural gas per year from waste sources, or around 1.5% of current U.S. natural gas consumption. Source: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 47 Energy Solutions Center Center Inc. All Inc. Rights All Reserved Rights Reserved 48 Energy Solutions Center Center Inc. All Inc. Rights All Reserved Rights Reserved 49 16
CNG Fueling Station Landfills Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Billy Malone, DeKalb County Sanitation 50 CNG Station Electrical Plant RFF Plant Flare Station Energy Solutions Center Center Inc. All Inc. Rights All Reserved Rights Reserved 51 Virtual Pipelines Supplement conventional pipeline To reach customers who are in difficult to reach locations During times of peak demand During pipeline congestion When repairing pipelines 52 17
Infrastructure Building the Infrastructure Options Utility builds and rate bases the facility Work with other entities to build infrastructure VNG.co Trillium CNG Others see case studies section 54 Utility Station Issues Public access to fueling locations Maintenance Billing/Collections Facility liabilities 55 18
VNG.co Co Located within existing gasoline stations Provides convenient, accessible & familiar fueling experience Full responsibility for infrastructure Purchases, installs, services & maintain ownership VNG in control of facility installation & operation 56 Trillium CNG Over 80 CNG Stations built, upgraded, or operated Trillium CNG will design, build, operate and maintain the station providing full turn key services Trillium CNG will finance CNG vehicle conversions & refueling stations 57 Legislative Developments Legislative Developments 19
Political Acceptance NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) EXTENDED through 2017 Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) allow an excise tax credit for alternative fuels and fuel mixtures involving compressed or liquefied natural gas; (2) allow an income tax credit for alternative fuel motor vehicles powered by compressed or liquefied natural gas and make Indian tribal governments eligible for such credits; CONTINUED 59 Political Acceptance NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) (3) modify the tax credit percentage for alternative fuel vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas; (4) allow a new tax credit for the production of vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas; and (5) the tax credit for alternative fuel vehicle refueling property expenditures for refueling property relating to compressed or liquefied natural gas and allow an increased credit for such property 60 NGV Weight Exemption NGVs may exceed the federal maximum gross vehicle weight limit by an amount equal to the difference of the weight of the natural gas tank and fueling system and the weight of a comparable diesel tank and fueling system. The NGV must not exceed a maximum gross vehicle weight of 82,000 pounds. (Reference Public Law 114 94 and 23 U.S. Code 127(s)) 61 20
Other Governmental Programs Federal NGV Tax Incentives Federal NGV Grant Programs Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program Federal Transit Authority Grants Clean Cities Program Voluntary Airport Low Emission Vehicle Program National Clean Diesel Campaign State NGV Incentives Varies by state https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/recent https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/fed_summary 62 School Boards Local Delivery Long Haul Delivery Utility Fleets NGV Audience 63 Case Studies Golden Eagle Distributors/Ryder SoCal Gas Kwik Mart 21
Golden Eagle Distributors Tucson, AZ third CNG fueling station Golden Eagle operates 23 heavy duty fleet vehicles Station built at Golden Eagle s headquarters also open to the public Partnered with TrilliumCNG to construct the station Golden Eagle will continue to work with Ryder to introduce more heavy duty CNG vehicles into its fleet 65 Cost of leasing Tucson delivery fleet Diesel: $414,924 per year CNG: $496,572 per year Increase: $ 81,648 per year Fuel costs per year 90,000 gallons Diesel: $358,020 per year CNG: $216,000 per year Savings: $142,020 per year 66 Annual fleet savings due to vehicle licensing (no VLT savings of $1,500 per year per vehicle) Savings of $34,500 per year Reduced vehicle maintenance expense Since Dec. 2011, little to no mechanical issues 10% $12,500 per year 67 22
Total Expected Savings $107,372 per year 68 Kwik Trip Nation s first Alternative Fuels Fueling Station developing a functional Natural Gas infrastructure in WI, MN and IA Providing a Fleet Solution to public Leverage Kwik Trip s Fleet experience Offer same Natural Gas Service and Support to public that is offered to their fleet 69 Developed Alternative Fuels Fueling Station for all alternate fuels CNG (compressed natural gas) LNG (liquid natural gas) Propane Biodiesel (B5, B20) E-85 Various EV charging systems 70 23
71 SoCal Gas Numerous Projects City of Ontario Refuse Trucks & Vehicles 60 vehicles that run on compressed natural gas 75% of the solid waste trucks plus assorted pickups and medium duty trucks Used five days a week in the normal course of city operations In operation since 1994 72 School Busses Placentia Yorba Linda Unified School District In operation since 1994 SCAQMD awarded approximately $500,000 in grants, or 80% of the total costs, for six CNG buses and on site refueling station Time fill system eliminates the downtime spent in fueling lines 73 24
School Busses Placentia Yorba Linda Unified School District 38 CNG buses in operation since 2005 CNG buses have a range of about 300 miles versus about 450 miles for diesel Grants covered 80% of the $1 million cost of the infrastructure of the CNG fueling facility 74 Street Sweepers RF Dickson Company Began their transition to CNG technology in 1999 First CNG sweeper in June of 2002 Today own and operate one of the largest private fueling facilities in Southern California High powered compressors provides fueling for eight city fleets, five school districts, CALTRAN, airport shuttles, personal autos, taxis, private fleets and their own street sweepers 75 Transit Busses Culver City Began using CNG in 1996 46 transit buses (entire fleet) ranked the second best green fleet in North America in 2008 Equipment also includes 41 CNG powered refuse trucks, heavy duty public works trucks, parks vehicles, and various staff cars 76 25
NGV Resources Available tools to provide additional information 77 Associations & Resources ESC Energy Solutions Center Located in Washington, DC Consortium of utility companies interested in the promotion of gas technologies Offering an NGV Workgroup www.escenter.org 78 Associations & Resources NGVAmerica Natural Gas Vehicles for America Located in Washington, DC Represents more than 150 companies, environmental groups, and government organizations www.ngvc.org 79 26
Associations & Resources Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance Located in Ottawa, ON Advocates on behalf of Canada's natural gas vehicle industry www.cngva.org www.gowithnaturalgas.ca 80 Associations & Resources NGVi Natural Gas Vehicle Institute Located in Las Vegas, NV Established in 1989 Provide training and consulting on natural gas as a transportation fuel www.ngvi.com 81 Associations & Resources ANSI American National Standards Institute Located in Washington, DC Established in 1918 Oversees the creation, promulgation and use of guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector www.ansi.org 82 27
Associations & Resources CGA Compressed Gas Association Located in Chantilly VA Established in 19183 Dedicated to the development and promotion of safety standards and safe practices in the industrial gas industry www.cganet.com 83 Virtual Pipeline Companies Cobey Energy, Buffalo, NY http://www.cobeyenergy.com/virtual_pipeline/virtual_pipeline.ht ml NG Advantage (Clean Energy company) in Milton, Vt. NG Advantage has grown quite a bit since we had them present, and now they are owned by Clean Energy. http://www.ngadvantage.com/ Xpress Natural Gas, Andover, MA http://xng.com/ Blue Gas Marine, Cary, NC http://bluegasmarine.com/fuelingsolutions/ Luxfer GTM http://www.luxfergtm.com/about us.html On Board Dynamics http://www.onboarddynamics.com/ GE Oil and Gas https://www.geoilandgas.com/pipelinestorage/virtual pipeline 84 Natural Gas Vehicles Availability by Type 28
Heavy Duty Vehicles Vehicle Development Heavy Duty Buses, Shuttles and Trolleys Partial list NABI, New Flyer, Orion, Thomas, ElDorado, Blue Bird, Optima, Gillig, Variety of shuttle 2nd stage upfitters Ford F450 and F550 with 6.8L engine Ford F59 strip chassis with 6.8L engine GMC C 6500/7500/8500 Topkick Series with 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only) GMC C4500/5500 Series Cutaway w 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only) 87 Heavy Haul Vehicles 29
Vehicle Development Heavy Duty Heavy Haul Trucks Partial list KenworthT800, Peterbilt386 Isuzu NPR and NPR HD cab over chassis w GM 6.0L engine (retrofits of existing inventory only) Refuse collection trucks Crane Carrier LET, AutocarXpeditor, ALF Condor, PeterbiltLCF 320 and Mack TerraPro, Many 2nds tage upfitters (e.g. Heil, McNeilus, Amrep, Labrie, PennFlex, EZ Pak, others) 89 Sweepers & Work / Vocational Trucks Vehicle Development Heavy Duty Sweepers (Elgin, Tymco, Schwarze, Allianz Johnston) Work / Vocational Trucks Freightliner M2 tractor and straight truck, Autocarand Capacity yard hostlers, KenworthT8SH, T440, T470, Peterbilt384 and 365, International DT466/MaxxForceDT equipped trucks Workhorse W42 Chassis step van chassis w GM 6.0L Workhorse W62 w GM 8.1L engine (retrofits of existing stock only) 91 30
Sedans Trucks & SUVs Vehicle Development Sedans 1.8L Dedicated Honda Civic natural gas (OEM) 2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Focus 2.3L and 2.5L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Escape and Fusion 93 Vehicle Development Trucks & SUVs 4.8L and 5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Tahoe 5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated GMC Sierra + Chevy Silverado 15/25/35 5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Avalanche 5.3L Chevy BiFuel and Dedicated Suburban, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL 5.3L Dedicated Chevy Colorado and GMC Canyon 94 31
Vehicle Development Trucks & SUVs 5.4L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford F150, F250, F350 6.2L Super Duty soon 5.4L Dedicated Ford Expedition and Lincoln Navigator 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy or GMC 2500HD, 3500 Series Cab & Chassis 95 Vans Vehicle Development Vans 2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Transit Connect 4.6L Dedicated VPG Auto MV 1 Paratransit 4.8L, 5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Express and GMC Savana Vans 5.4L Dedicated Ford E250, E350 Cargo and Passenger Van 97 32
Vehicle Development Vans 6.0L Chevy or GMC G3500 Series Cab & Chassis and Van Cutaway 6.0L GMC and Chevy G4500 Cutaway 6.8L Dedicated Ford E450 cutaway 98 Thank you 33