Citizens Energy Conference Hyatt Regency, September 15, 2010 Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel: Benefits, Challenges, and Implementation Doug Lubs President Clean Cities / 1
What Is Natural Gas? A combustible, gaseous mixture of simple hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane Usually extracted from gas and oil wells. Smaller amounts are derived from supplemental sources such as landfill gas and coal-derived gas. Large deposits exist in more than half of the 50 states. Classified as an alternative fuel by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Accounts for 22% of U.S. energy use and 2.2% of energy used for U.S. transportation Source: EIA s Annual Energy Review 2006, Table 1.3 and DOE s Transportation Energy Data Book (edition 26) Table 2.2. Clean Cities / 2
Natural Gas Vehicles 120,500 natural gas vehicles on U.S. roads in 2010 98.3K in private (fleets and consumers) 10.7K in state fleets 11.4K in federal fleets Federal Fleets State 9% Fleets 9% Private, Corporate, & Local Govt. 82% Source: EIA, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 2005, Table V9 and V13. Clean Cities / 3
Natural Gas Fueling Stations More than 825 natural gas fueling stations in the United States: 35 LNG 790 CNG 355 Public 470 Private LNG Public 1% LNG Private 3% CNG Private 54% CNG Public 42% Source: DOE AFDC, Feb 2008 Clean Cities / 4
Types of Natural Gas for Vehicles Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Generally used in vehicles at 3000-3600 psi (household natural gas pipe pressure is ~1-2 psi). Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Made by lowering the temperature of CNG until it becomes a liquid. Equivalent Energy Content 1 gal. gasoline 1 gal. diesel 118 scf CNG 130 scf CNG 1.6 gal. LNG 1.7 gal. LNG Clean Cities / 5
Why Use Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)? Increased Energy Security Natural gas is a domestically available fuel Public Health and Environment Protection 80% less particulate matter 21-25% less greenhouse gas emissions Source: Wang, M.Q. and H.S. Huang, A Full Fuel-Cycle Analysis of Energy and Emissions Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas, December 1999. Clean Cities / 6
Light Duty NGVs Use CNG Limited to one model (Honda Civic) for OEM vehicles EPA-certified conversions available from a variety of companies Home refueling devices Clean Cities / 7
Heavy Duty NGVs May use LNG or CNG Larger engines typically use LNG OEM engines available from Cummins-Westport Coming soon, International EPA certified re-power engines and conversions available from a variety of companies Clean Cities / 8
Natural Gas Transit Buses Most established natural gas niche market Annual consumption (2006): 109 million diesel gallon equivalent of natural gas 15% of transit vehicles in 2006 powered by natural gas Source: USDOT-FTA Alternative Fuels Study, December 2006 and APTA 2007 Vehicle Survey Clean Cities / 9
Other Heavy-Duty NGVs Shuttle buses Trolleys Street sweepers Delivery trucks Refuse haulers Utility trucks Fork lifts Clean Cities / 10
Natural Gas Guides Heavy Vehicle and Engine Resource Guide http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/hvrg.pdf Available Natural Gas Vehicles and Engines www.cleanvehicle.org/available-ngvs-and-engines.pdf Clean Cities / 11
Federal Tax Incentives for NGVs Vehicle Tax Credits (for new or retrofits) Light Duty (up to 8,500 lb): up to $5,000 Medium Duty (up to 14,000 lb): up to $10,000 Medium-Heavy Duty (up to 26,000 lb): up to $25,000 Heavy Duty (more than 26,000 lb): up to $40,000 Expire 12/31/10 Clean Cities / 12
Federal Incentives for Fuel & Infrastructure Fuel Excise Tax Credits (currently expired Bills on Hill to reinstate) Fifty cents per gasoline-gallon equivalent of CNG or LNG Infrastructure Tax Credit (Expires 12/31/10, Bills on Hill to extend) 50% of cost of infrastructure Up to $50,000 per project public or private Up to $1,000 for home refueling appliance. Clean Cities / 13
INFRASTRUCTURE Compressor and Storage Tanks Clean Cities / 14
INFRASTRUCTURE- Dispenser and Card Reader Clean Cities / 15
INFRASTUCTURE Site Work Clean Cities / 16
INFRASTRUCTURE Valve Panel Clean Cities / 17
Information Required to Properly Size a CNG Refueling Station Number of vehicles refueling Estimated amount of gallons of gasoline or diesel fuel that each vehicle uses daily or Estimated monthly fuel consumption of these vehicles Fueling window operate 8-10 hours starting at 7:00am then are parked in a central location during off shift hours or need to fuel anytime fast fill application What is inlet natural gas pressure available? Clean Cities / 18
Fuelmaker VRA (Vehicle Refueling Appliance) Slow fill application up to 3600 PSIG Fuels at a rate of 1 GGE per hour 4000 hour scheduled service interval Estimated Cost $10,000.00 Clean Cities / 19
Bauer Medium size CNG Compressors Slow fill application to 3600 PSIG Fuels at a rate of 2.75 to 70 GGE per hour Can refuel fast fill storage up to 5000 PSIG Estimated Cost $35,000 to $160,000 Clean Cities / 20
Citizens Gas / Greene s Upgrade Clean Cities / 21
Citizens Gas / Greene s Upgrade Current CNG Station consists of: Two hose dispenser with card reader 30,000 cubic feet CNG storage tanks which allows approx. 75 GGE fast fill Compressor that delivers 2 GGE / Minute or 120 GGE / Hour Clean Cities / 22
Citizens Gas / Greene s Upgrade Upgrade of CNG station to consist of: New two hose dispenser and card reader New additional compressor rated for 5.25 GGE / Minute or 315 GGE / Hour Total compressor capacity will deliver just over 7 GGE / Minute and set up as direct / Buffer fill system Large vehicles like INDOT dump trucks that require 60 to 70 DGE per refuel will direct fill in about a 10 minute process Compressor cost = $225,000.00 24 week build time Clean Cities / 23
For More Information Alternative Fuels Data Center www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/natural_gas.html www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/natural_gas.html NGV America www.ngvc.org Clean Vehicle Education Foundation www.cleanvehicle.org/index.shtml Clean Cities / 24