ABB Data Center Solutions Day 5 July 2013 by Kelvin Sim Myths or Truths: Achieving 99% Efficiency with Single Conversion Backup Power System
Striking the right balance
The Data Centre Backup Power / UPS Backup Generators
Datacenter Market Review Efficiency We know high efficiency is a critical performance parameter for a Datacenter power system, so what is the target efficiency for new systems and products? July 10, 2013 Slide 55 heller-liebert-high+efficiency+ups+operating+modes+crh+05042011+final
Power Protection? Functional power quality protection Static dual conversion UPS systems Rotary UPS systems (mechanical flywheel) Single Conversion UPS Active Voltage Conditioners
Keeping the Bytes Flowing IEC 62040-3 class 3 conformance The Standard sets the limits for supply voltage where the system where performance is accepted buy general purpose IT loads The UPS output voltage remains within the limits of the curve Staying within the curves! July 10, 2013 Slide 57
Datacenter Market Review Efficiency Various studies have highlighted the inefficiency of the low voltage (120Vac) US systems. There seems to be two paths forward to improve efficiency, which both fundamentally involve reticulating a higher voltage to the server racks; 380 Vdc 240 or 277 Vac July 10, 2013 Slide 58 server_tech-cram-efficiency+gains+with+480-277v+power+at+the+cabinet+level
Datacenter Market Review Efficiency Due to the existing reticulation scheme, and legacy double conversion UPS topology the benchmark has been set very low! The AC UPS systems compared previously are 96.2%. New line interactive technologies (ABB UPS-I) can well exceed this and are gaining acceptance by the market This is possible today! July 10, 2013 Slide 59 heller-liebert-high+efficiency+ups+operating+modes+crh+05042011+final
Datacenter Market Review Efficiency High efficiency ABB AC topology 90.5% from MV ac in to 12Vdc out MV / LV 240-277Vac Power supplies 415-480Vac 3~ N 415-480Vac 3~ N ~ 99% UPS-I 99% ~ 93% + 0.5% for switchgear PDU (no tx) July 10, 2013 Slide 60
The Single Conversion UPS PCS100 UPS-I Utility Voltage PCS100 UPS-I Voltage Output Voltage 3 phase Utility Supply Distribution Transformer Input Circuit Breaker Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disconnect Circuit Breaker 3 phase Load Output Energy Storage DC Circuit Breaker Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors July 10, 2013 Slide 61
Effects of a PQ event No short term outage protection Utility Disturbance July 10, 2013 Slide 62
PCS100 UPS-I Outage protection Utility voltage within limits Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors July 10, 2013 Slide 63
PCS100 UPS-I Outage protection Utility disturbance occurs Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors July 10, 2013 Slide 64
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Outage protection Utility voltage return Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors July 10, 2013 Slide 65
Full Economy Mode Available but not often used Why full economy mode is not often used In full mode there can be a one cycle hole in the waveform when transferring to dual conversion mode (performance will vary dependent on manufacturer and design). UPS manufactures developed other economy modes to avoid this High Efficiency Mode 30% sag 10 cycle Double Conversion Mode 30% sag 30 cycle Input Voltage Output Voltage Input Voltage Output Voltage Volts 400 300 200 100 0-100 -200-300 -400 0 50 100 150 200 Volts 400 300 200 100 0-100 -200-300 -400 0 50 100 150 200 Time (ms) Time (ms) Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory July 10, 2013 Slide 66
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Response to an outage Utility Supply Showing An Outage Utility Lost Utility Restored Voltage As Seen By The Load LOAD SIDE INCOMING Utility supplying the load Transfer to UPS-I UPS-I supplying the load UPS-I supplying the load Transfer to Utility Utility supplying the load July 10, 2013 Slide 67
PCS100 UPS-I Response to a 50 percent sag with 1.4 ms transition On detecting a disturbance the inverter takes over the load by actively commutating the Utility Disconnect SCR switch off Utility to UPS-I transfer takes place in less than 1.4 milliseconds UPS-I Input Voltage 1.4ms Input Current UPS-I Output Voltage July 10, 2013 Slide 68
PCS100 UPS-I Single Conversion UPS All Load types, Data Centre and even Semiconductor processes Generator walk-in algorithm Soft transfer of the load to generator or weak network Extended autonomy Up to 300 seconds with batteries at full loading Modularity provides option to have redundancy within one unit Guaranteed Uptime Availability MTTR 30 minutes! July 10, 2013 Slide 69
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Modular design Super Modular! Just Five main subassemblies 1. Utility Disconnect 2. Inverter 3. Energy Storage 4. Coupling Transformer 5. Failsafe Bypass Redundancy Built-in! MTTR of 30 minutes July 10, 2013 Slide 70
PCS100 UPS-I Super Compact Battery Sealed Lead Acid Battery 30 seconds protection Single string rating 240 kw for 30 seconds (300 kva at 0.8 PF) One string per enclosure Design Life: 10 years Cycle life: >1200 Easy service Easy to obtain spares Sealed - low maintenance Small foot print July 10, 2013 Slide 71
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Battery energy storage Storage Loading vs Autonomy Period Storage Loading (Relative to 240 kw base) Autonomy Period (s) July 10, 2013 Slide 72
PCS100 UPS-I Efficiency Comparison with standard UPS solutions The UPS-I is > 3 percent more efficient than a typical economy mode double conversion UPS 100% PCS100 UPS-I efficiency curve Efficiency 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 86% 84% 82% Dual Conversion UPS running on-line efficiency curve Dual Conversion UPS running on ECO-mode efficiency curve Source: Emerson NXL Brochure 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Load July 10, 2013 Slide 73
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Layout examples 300 kva battery PCS100 UPS-I system Enclosure containing: Inverters Utility Disconnect Failsafe bypass Coupling transformer Battery cabinet July 10, 2013 Slide 74
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Layout examples 1500 kva Battery PCS100UPS-I system Side-by-side layout Failsafe bypass cabinet Ultracapacitor cabinets Inverter cabinets Coupling Transformer Utility Disconnect Failsafe Bypass July 10, 2013 Slide 75
PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Comparison with standard UPS solutions Foot print of UPS-I approximately ½ of dual conversion UPS Reduced operational costs due to high efficiency Reduced air-condition costs due to UPS-I efficiency Reduced air-conditioning capital expense due to less heat rejection from UPS-I Reduced maintenance costs of Air-conditioning because of reduced aircondition required Reduced spares holding saving $ Increased available due to inverter redundancy MTTR of 30 minutes July 10, 2013 Slide 76
Data Centre References Finding the Balance PCS100 UPS-I Installed in world-class computing centre Two units of UPS-I replaces their existing Rotary UPS Total load of 3MVA Protects multi-mva IT load and the cooling infrastructure The State-of-the-Art supercomputing centre of Weta Digital. Award winning multi-million dollar budget and works of creation Their reason? Energy efficiency Compact footprint Reliability July 10, 2013 Slide 77
Application Example: Swiss Datacenter 4 x 1.8 MW Single Conversion UPS-I s Space was at a premium Limited air conditioning available Efficiency a key consideration ABB Month DD, YYYY Slide 78 Designed and built in Napier New Zealand
Want to Know More? An Special Invitation to ABB s dedicated event on Investigating Power Quality and it s effects on Data Centre and Critical Infrastructures In September 2013, we will invite our global experts on Power Quality and Power Protection to speak Please Sign up for the limited spaces for the event at the PCS100 Unit Demo, do any of us for more information July 10, 2013 Slide 79