Smart Grid Reliability Research October 12, 2011 Research & Technology Management Joe Schatz
Transmission Reliability Thoughts Consider BAU, but continue investigation of SVCs, synch condensers, UVLS Modeling different load and source types as well as geographic locations Analytics and Accurate Models (FIDVR & GenVARR) Sensor Development and Demonstration ZED Meter Smart Inverters As well as Transmission and Distribution Automation Increasing DFR installations System Monitoring PMUs Asset Management Augmented Reality and visualization
Southern s PMU Architecture t MILLER BOWEN V e θ e V f θ f NORCROSS SOUTH HALL V g θ g V d θ d BARRY V c θ c Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) WEST MCINTOSH V h θ h DANIEL V b θ b PMU-based Applications Local Historian HATCH V i θ i FARLEY V a θ a V j θ j THALMANN Regional PDC Wide-Area Visualization & Monitoring Power System Model Verification Event Analysis & Reconstruction State Estimation Instability Prediction Oscillation Monitoring High fidelity monitoring to meet possible federal requirements for critical infrastructure
PMU Activities Operations: Wide-Area Visualization Demo Project w/gatech Distributed State Estimator, Generator Parameter Estimation and Stability Monitoring Distributed State Estimator for two substation subsystem Develop Generator parameter Estimator for a generating unit Develop transient stability monitoring system for generating plant Planning: Post Event Analysis High fidelity monitoring to meet possible federal requirements for critical infrastructure
Transmission Fault Anticipation (TFA) Waveform Processing techniques used to determine likely power system events Abnormalities can be identified and predictions can be made regarding incipient failures Based on effort proven at Distribution level Monitored Transmission Lines Lay Dam East Chelsea 115 kv Lay Dam Calera 115 kv Fulton Springs Cane Creek 115 kv Fulton Springs Smith Dam 115 kv North Helena South Jefferson 115 kv TFA devices monitor voltage and current waveforms to recognize and detect the fingerprints of incipient system failures
Dynamic Ratings Validate Static ti Ratings May increase transfer capability Increase utilization of assets May defer line upgrades Notes high temperature operation for end-of-life analysis Dynamic Ratings increase asset utilization & may defer line upgrades
Dynamic Ratings Real-time Transmission Line Monitoring System (RT-TLMS) TLMS) by Promethean Devices Video Sagometer by EPRI, EDM International ti & Southwest t Research Institute t Non-contact, magnetic sensor system Measures magnetic field and determines phase currents and clearances Calculates dynamic ampacity Camera, weather station and electronics box mounted on structure Measures clearance by monitoring target Find ampacity : weather, current & clearance Dynamic Ratings increase asset utilization & may defer line upgrades
Power System Visualization i VISUALIZATION TIERS: Dashboard, Interconnection, Reliability Coordinator, Local Area GAUGES: Quantify the worst performing metric LOCATION INDICATORS: Provide information about specific locations w.r.t. the metric TRAFFIC LIGHTS: Provide status of specific metrics across all locations Real-time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) RTDMS (left) uses streamed data from PMUs dispersed across the electric power system to provide information about the state of the electric system Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth (VERDE) VERDE (right) provides information on line outages, other energy infrastructures, weather, population etc. in one layered integrated framework Visualization and Analytics tools increase Situational Awareness
Energy Storage The Drivers Energy Storage offers environmental, financial & energy benefits Facilitating the Smart Grid Managing Grid Peaks Increasing value of DPV Ancillary Services Reduce cycling of thermal plants Managing Increasing Wind Penetration Managing Carbon footprint t Energy Storage will add a completely new dimension to power delivery operations
Energy Storage Demonstrations Evaluating 10 GreenSmith Li-Ion Battery Storage Systems - 6kW / 24kWh each Transportable 500kW - 2.8MWh Premium Power Zn-Br Flow Battery CESS - 25kW/75kWh, Li-ion Battery System Energy Storage will add a completely new dimension to power delivery operations
Partial Discharge & Radio Frequency Tools Goal: Predict impending failure to prevent outages Deployed antenna array, learned strengths/weaknesses 2011 SoCo, EPRI scoped new technology (low cost, scalable) Prototype tested in 5 APC subs 2012 SoCo to take delivery of first utility unit System wide subs inspections Automated inspections
Sensors Developing and demonstrating advanced sensors for the power dli delivery system. Smart Grid will require low cost, long life sensors to visualize the state of the system. Some key benefits of advanced sensors are: Condition based maintenance Energy harvesting Probabilistic risk assessment Increased asset utilization Fault location Sensor data driven decisions will provide a more reliable and efficient system
Sensors Goal: Predict impending failure to prevent outages SoCo has been involved in all stages of development 2011 First sensor demo completed (2 sites, failure prevented in GA) New sensors developed 2012 Three additional sites (AL, GA) Scope expanded
Robotics
Robotics
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Goals Better inspection results at lower cost Improved storm response (time, safety) 2011 Driven EPRI to add UAVs as focus area Engaged UAV industry 2012 SoCo led technology demo to be held in Q1 2012 (New Brunswick, Can.) Discussions with FAA and DHS to ensure regulatory changes are favorable Rotary wing evaluations
Cloud Transients (10%/s) 1000 975W Birmingham, AL (May 14, 2010) 800 Power Pro oduction (W W) 600 400 200 200W 0 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm Local Time (h)