MEMS Sensors for automotive safety Marc OSAJDA, NXP Semiconductors
AGENDA An incredible opportunity Vehicle Architecture (r)evolution MEMS & Sensors in automotive applications
Global Mega Trends An incredible Opportunity Connectivity Autonomy Electrification +50$ Cellular 4/5G +50$ e-cockpit +100$ Level 2 +400$ Level 3 +700$ Level 4 & 5 +350$ Hybrid +700$ Full Electric Safe and Secure Mobility SEMICONDUCTOR CONTENT GROWS 3X
1.3 MILLION Road traffic deaths occur every year HIT BY A VEHICLE TRAVELING AT: HIT BY A VEHICLE TRAVELING AT: HIT BY A VEHICLE TRAVELING AT: 35 50 70 km/h km/h km/h 9 OUT OF 10 PEDESTRIANS SURVIVE* 5 OUT OF 10 PEDESTRIANS SURVIVE ONLY 1 OUT OF 10 PEDESTRIANS SURVIVES OUT OF ALL ACCIDENTS GLOBALLY, 90% are caused by HUMAN ERROR Source: Seattle s Vision Zero Plan/Documents/Departments/beSuperSafe/VisionZeroPlan, ASIRT.ORG
SENSE THINK ACT ENABLING SELF-DRIVING CARS Better senses than the human driver. Automation of driving decisions.
Autonomous driving WITHOUT sensors IS LIKE DRIVING BLINDFOLDED The press is full of talk about biggest brains, what about best-in-class sensors? The future of the industry hinges on being able to sense the environment in an artefact-free way This activates the right speed, the right traction and the right acceleration & movement for every situation
What is Driving the Sensor Demand Today? Level 1-2 Sensors are added to the vehicle to aid the driver: Accelerometers, gyro, front radar, blind spot, rear, front & surround view cameras HUMAN DRIVER MONITORS DRIVING ENVIRONMENT. SOME SENSORS CONTROL THE VEHICULE TRAJECTORY AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEM MONITORS DRIVING ENVIRONMENT & INERTIAL SENSOR THE VEHICLE TRAJECTORY Level 3-5 Automated driving system performs the entire dynamic driving task this requires fail operational safety. Sensors help the vehicle learn from the environment to drive safely: Sensor fusion, distance measurement, road sign recognition, route planning and mapping, precise positioning, critical arbitration 0 1 2 3 No Automation Driver Assistance Partial Automation Conditional Automation 4 5 High Automation Full Automation MEMS Inertial Sensors help the vehicle control its autonomous trajectory and state of critical elements such as the tires (intelligent tires)
In-Vehicle Experience Body & Comfort Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics Driver Replacement Connectivity SENSE THINK ACT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FASTER TIME TO MARKET FULL SCALABILITY V2X Broadcast Radio Cellular WiFi, BT, GNSS, NFC Smart Car Access Connectivity Domain Controller NXP LEADS DOMAIN BASED VEHICLE ARCHITECTURES Radar Camera Fusion Connectivity Lidar Driver Replacement Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics Body & Comfort In-Vehicle Experience Motion & Pressure Speed Ultrasonic TPMS Motion Powertrain Domain Controller Body Domain Controller Powertrain & Vehicle Dynamics Engine Transmission Brake Battery Cell Management Steering Airbag Suspension Smart Light Access, Door Control Infotainment ecockpit Amplifiers
MEMS Experience 30+ years of Automotive MEMS production 4 billion devices shipped 1.5 billion in automotive applications Broad product portfolio Accelerometer, Gyroscopes, Motion sensors Magnetic speed and angular sensor Absolute and differential pressure sensors Tire Pressure Sensors 6th generation of Airbag Sensors 4th generation of Tire Pressure Sensors
MEMS Sensors in Automotive Applications Even Level 5 driving won t be 100% accident free Radar beam orientation & stabilization Vehicle movement tracking unit 6DOF Electronic Stability Control sensors Airbag sensors Roll over detection Electric par brake hill start control angle measurement so passive safety will continue to be standard equipment Level 5 vehicles can still skid and drift on slippery roads electronic stability control will continue to be a standard feature, the vehicle will also still need feedback loop to control steering and braking Sophisticated RADAR & LIDAR will need high accuracy beam orientation & stabilization when driving Pedestrian protection PSAT and/or low-g Level 5 vehicles will still need to know the status of each critical component: monitoring of tire condition for example Keyfob motion detection Security feature Car alarm motion detection In dash navigation dead reckoning Tire Monitoring sensors airbag pressure satellite Airbag Inertial satellite sensor Active Safety / Passive Safety / In vehicle experience / Security
Pressure Sensor Automotive Application Domains Pedestrian Protection Tire Pressure Monitoring Internal Combustion Engine Side Crash Detection >300 million pressure sensors for auto applications shipped
Why Tire Pressure Monitoring Safety for everyone TPMS Prevent roadside breakdown and risk of road congestion US tread act to prevent roll over accidents Regulation around the world (including China) Cleaner world for everyone TPMS allows optimum tire inflation and thus fuel consumption and CO2 emission reduction Maximizes tire life Intelligent tires: A potential to be exploited Necessary building block for automated driving Link tire information with chassis and ADAS system Provides accurate tire data to the driver Filling assistant app on smartphones Fleets & Truck: enables better tire management
Motion Sensor Automotive Application Domain Airbag Sensors Inertial Satellite Sensors Rollover ECU Keyfob Security Motion Detection 1.2 Billion airbag MEMS sensors shipped Major Tier-1 s using NXP motion sensors
Motion Sensor in Key Increasing Security and Battery Life in Keyless Entry Drive-way attack Passive Keyless Entry Automatically unlocks the car when key in close vicinity Radio-bridge (thief) can makes car believe that key is in close vicinity and car can be unlocked Benefit of using a MEMS motion Sensor When key if not in motion (at home) LF/RF interfaces can be disabled: Relay attack impossible Reduce power consumption when key is not in use (deep sleep mode) Key is waking up when the sensor detects a movement Thief 1 Thief 2 Radio Bridge
Conclusion Entering new era of automated driving that requires functional safety and security The challenge is not only to master the brain of the car, but to capture the environment around it Need to have absolute certainty about the physical state of the car
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