National Transportation Statistics

National Transportation Statistics

National Transportation Statistics 201 Bureau of Transportation Statistics U.S. Department of Transportation

Acknowledgments U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary Bureau of Transportation Statistics Patricia S. Hu Director Rolf Schmitt, Ph.D. Deputy Director Produced under the direction of: Michael J. Sprung Assistant Director, Office of Transportation Analysis Project Manager Long X. Nguyen Data Collection Spatial Front: Demi Riley Jie Zhang Siyan Zhou Contributors Steven Beningo Matthew Chambers Chester Ford Kenneth Notis Mindy Liu Cover Design Alpha Glass Wingfield

Our mission: To lead in developing transportation data and information of high quality and to advance their effective use in both public and private transportation decisionmaking. Our vision for the future: Data and information of high quality supporting every significant transportation policy decision, thus advancing the quality of life and the economic well-being of all Americans. All material contained in this report is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; source citation is required. Recommended citation U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics NTS is a web-only report; however print copies of other BTS products may be obtained via the following contacts: Product Orders U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics ATTN: Product Orders 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Room E34-457 Washington, DC 20590 Information Service Phone: 202-366-DATA Email: answers@dot.gov

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Table A - Social and Economic Characteristics of the United States (Updated April 2017) Chapter 1. The Transportation System SECTION A. PHYSICAL EXTENT 1-1 System Mileage Within the United States (Updated April 2017) 1-2 Number of Air Carriers, Railroads, Interstate Motor Carriers, Marine Vessel Operators, and Pipeline Operators (Updated October 2016) 1-3 Number of U.S. Airports (Updated July 2017) 1-4 Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of Surface (Updated July 2017) 1-5 U.S. Public Road and Street Mileage by Functional System (Updated July 2017) 1-6 Estimated U.S. Roadway Lane-Miles by Functional System (Updated July 2017) 1-7 Number of Stations Served by Amtrak and Rail Transit, Fiscal Year (Updated April 2016) 1-8 ADA Lift- or Ramp-Equipped Transit Buses (Updated January 2013) 1-9 ADA-Accessible Rail Transit Stations by Agency (October 2016) 1-10 U.S. Oil and Gas Pipeline Mileage (Updated April 2017) SECTION B. VEHICLE, AIRCRAFT, AND VESSEL INVENTORY 1-11 Number of U.S. Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances (Updated July 2017) 1-12 U.S. Sales or Deliveries of New Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances (Updated July 2017) 1-13 Active U.S. Air Carrier and General Aviation Fleet by Type of Aircraft (Updated April 2016) 1-14 U.S. Automobile and Truck Fleets by Use (Updated October 2016) 1-15 Annual U.S. Motor Vehicle Production and Factory (Wholesale) Sales (Updated April 2016) 1-16 Retail New Passenger Car Sales (Updated April 2016) 1-17 New and Used Passenger Car Sales and Leases (Updated January 2012) 1-18 Retail Sales and Lease of New Cars by Sector (October 2016) 1-19 Gasoline Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Sales (Updated April 2017) 1-20 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Imported Automobiles (Updated April 2016) 1-21 Table has been discontinued 1-22 Number of Trucks by Weight (Updated October 2015) 1-23 World Motor Vehicle Production, Selected Countries (Updated April 2016) 1-24 Number and Size of the U.S. Flag Merchant Fleet and Its Share of the World Fleet (Updated October 2016)

SECTION C. CONDITION 1-25 U.S. Airport Runway Pavement Conditions (Updated April 2016) 1-26 Median Age of Automobiles and Trucks in Operation in the United States (Updated July 2017) 1-27 Condition of U.S. Roadways by Functional System (Updated July 2017) 1-28 Condition of U.S. Bridges (Updated April 2017) 1-29 Average Age of Urban Transit Vehicles (Updated July 2016) 1-30 Condition of Urban Bus and Rail Transit Maintenance Facilities (Updated July 2010) 1-31 Condition of Rail Transit Infrastructure (Updated July 2010) 1-32 Class I Railroad Locomotive Fleet by Year Built (Updated July 2017) 1-33 Age and Availability of Amtrak Locomotive and Car Fleets (October 2016) 1-34 U.S. Flag Vessels by Type and Age (Updated July 2016) SECTION D. TRAVEL AND GOODS MOVEMENT 1-35 U.S. Vehicle-Miles (Updated April 2017) 1-36 Roadway Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT) and VMT per Lane-Mile by Functional Class (Updated July 2017) 1-37 U.S. Air Carrier Aircraft Departures, Enplaned Revenue Passengers, and Enplaned Revenue Tons (Updated October 2015) 1-38 Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Updated April 2016) 1-39 Worldwide Commercial Space Launches (Updated July 2015) 1-40 U.S. Passenger-Miles (Updated April 2017) 1-41 Principal Means of Transportation to Work (Updated April 2016) 1-42 Average Annual PMT, VMT Person Trips and Trip Length by Trip Purpose: 1983, 1990, 1995, 2001 and 2009 (Updated April 2017) 1-43 Summary Statistics on Demographic Characteristics and Total Travel: 1969, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1995, 2001 and 2009 (Updated April 2017) 1-44 Passengers Boarded at the Top 50 U.S. Airports (Updated July 2017) 1-45 Air Passenger Travel Arrivals in the United States (Updated July 2017) 1-46 Air Passenger Travel Departures from the United States (Updated July 2017) 1-47 U.S.-Canadian Border Land-Passenger Gateways: Entering the United States (Updated July 2017) 1-48 U.S.-Mexican Border Land-Passenger Gateways: Entering the United States (Updated October 2016) 1-49 Table has been discontinued 1-50 U.S. Ton-Miles of Freight (BTS Special Tabulation) (Updated July 2017) 1-51 Top U.S. Foreign Trade Freight Gateways by Value of Shipments (Updated July 2017) 1-52 U.S.-Canadian Border Land-Freight Gateways: Number of Incoming Truck or Rail Container Crossings (Updated July 2017) 1-53 U.S.-Canadian Border Land-Freight Gateways: Number of Incoming Truck or Train Crossings (Updated July 2017) 1-54 U.S.-Mexican Border Land-Freight Gateways: Number of Incoming Truck or Rail Container Crossings (Updated October 2016) 1-55 U.S.-Mexican Border Land-Freight Gateways: Number of Incoming Truck and Train Crossings (Updated October 2016)

1-56 U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updated October 2016) 1-57 Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total Tons (Updated July 2016) 1-58 Freight Activity in the United States: 1993, 1997, and 2002 (Updated October 2016) 1-59 Value, Tons, and Ton-Miles of Freight Shipments within the United States by Domestic Establishments, 2002P (Updated October 2016) 1-60 Value of U.S. Land Exports to and Imports from Canada and Mexico by Mode (Updated July 2017) 1-61 Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Transported in the United States by Mode (Updated July 2012) 1-62 U.S. Hazardous Materials Shipments by Transportation Mode, 2007 (Updated October 2016) 1-63 U.S. Hazardous Materials Shipments by Hazard Class, 2002 (Updated October 2016) SECTION E. PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE 1-64 Passengers Denied Boarding by the Largest U.S. Air Carriers (Updated July 2017) 1-65 Mishandled-Baggage Reports Filed by Passengers with the Largest U.S. Air Carriers (Updated October 2016) 1-66 Flight Operations Arriving On Time by the Largest U.S. Air Carriers (Updated October 2016) 1-67 FAA-Cited Causes of Departure and En route Delays (Updated July 2017) 1-68 Major U.S. Air Carrier Delays, Cancellations, and Diversions (Updated October 2016) 1-69 Annual Person-Hours of Highway Traffic Delay per Person (Updated April 2016) 1-70 Travel Time Index (Updated January 2016) 1-71 Annual Roadway Congestion Index (Updated April 2013) 1-72 Annual Highway Congestion Cost (Updated January 2016) 1-73 Amtrak On-Time Performance Trends and Hours of Delay by Cause (Updated April 2016) Chapter 2. Transportation Safety SECTION A. MULTIMODAL 2-1 Transportation Fatalities by Mode (Updated April 2017) 2-2 Injured Persons by Transportation Mode (Updated April 2017) 2-3 Transportation Accidents by Mode (Updated October 2016) 2-4 Distribution of Transportation Fatalities by Mode (Updated April 2016) 2-5 Highway-Rail Grade-Crossing Safety and Property Damage Data (Updated October 2016) 2-6 Hazardous Materials Fatalities, Injuries, Accidents, and Property Damage Data (Updated July 2017) 2-7 Transportation-Related Occupational Fatalities (Updated July 2017) 2-8 Reporting Thresholds for Property Damage by U.S. Department of Transportation Modal (Updated April 2014)

SECTION B. AIR 2-9 U.S. Air Carrier Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-10 U.S. Commuter Air Carrier Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-11 U.S. Air Carrier Fatal Accidents by First Phase of Operation (Updated April 2016) 2-12 U.S. Commuter Air Carrier Fatal Accidents by First Phase of Operation (Updated April 2016) 2-13 U.S. On-Demand Air Taxi Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-14 U.S. General Aviation Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-15 Number of Pilot-Reported Near Midair Collisions (NMAC) by Degree of Hazard (Updated October 2016) 2-16 Prohibited Items Intercepted at Airport Screening Checkpoints (Updated January 2011) SECTION C. HIGHWAY 2-17 Motor Vehicle Safety Data (Updated April 2017) 2-18 Motor Vehicle Fatalities, Vehicle-Miles, and Associated Rates by Highway Functional System (Updated April 2017) 2-19 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle Type and Nonoccupant Fatalities (Updated April 2016) 2-20 Occupant and Non-Motorist Fatalities in Crashes by Number of Vehicles and Alcohol Involvement (Updated April 2016) 2-21 Passenger Car Occupant Safety Data (Updated April 2017) 2-22 Motorcycle Rider Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-23 Truck Occupant Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-24 Bus Occupant Safety Data (Updated April 2016) 2-25 State Laws on Distracted Driving (Updated July 2016) 2-26 Fatalities by Highest Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in Highway Crashes (Updated April 2017) 2-27 Number of States with Different Types of Anti-DUI/DWI Legislation in Effect as of January 1 of the Listed Year (Updated April 2014) 2-28 Motor Vehicle Fatal Crashes by Day of Week, Time of Day, and Weather and Light Conditions (Updated October 2016) 2-29 Motor Vehicle Fatal Crashes by Posted Speed Limit (Updated October 2016) 2-30 Safety Belt and Motorcycle Helmet Use (Updated October 2016) 2-31 Estimated Number of Lives Saved by Use of Restraints (Updated July 2017) SECTION D. TRANSIT 2-32 Transit Safety and Property Damage Data (Updated October 2016) 2-33 Transit Safety Data by Mode for All Reported Accidents (Updated October 2016) 2-34 Transit Safety Data by Mode for All Reported Incidents (Updated October 2016) 2-35 Transit and Grade-Crossing Fatalities by Rail Transit Mode (Updated October 2016) 2-36 Transit and Grade-Crossing Injuries by Rail Transit Mode (Updated October 2016) 2-37 Transit and Grade-Crossing Fatalities by Rail Transit Mode (Updated October 2016) 2-38 Reports of Violent Crime, Property Crime, and Arrests by Transit Mode (Updated January 2015)

SECTION E. RAILROAD 2-39 Railroad and Grade-Crossing Fatalities by Victim Class (Updated October 2016) 2-40 Railroad and Grade-Crossing Injured Persons by Victim Class (Updated October 2016) 2-41 Train Fatalities, Injuries, and Accidents by Type of Accident (Updated July 2017) 2-42 Railroad Passenger Safety Data (Updated July 2017) 2-43 Railroad System Safety and Property Damage Data (Updated July 2017) 2-44 Fatalities and Injuries of On-Duty Railroad Employees (Updated July 2017) SECTION F. WATER 2-45 Waterborne Transportation Safety and Property Damage Data Related to Vessel Casualties (Updated July 2016) 2-46 Waterborne Transportation Safety Data not Related to Vessel Casualties (Updated July 2016) 2-47 Recreational Boating Safety, Alcohol Involvement, and Property Damage Data (Updated October 2016) 2-48 Personal Watercraft Safety Data (Updated October 2015) 2-49 U.S. Coast Guard Search and Rescue Statistics, Fiscal Year (Updated April 2014) SECTION G. PIPELINE 2-50 Hazardous Liquid and Natural Gas Pipeline Safety (Updated July 2017) Chapter 3. Transportation and the Economy SECTION A. TRANSPORTATION AND THE TOTAL ECONOMY 3-1 U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Attributed to For-Hire Transportation Services (Updated April 2017) 3-2 U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Attributed to For-Hire Transportation Services- 2005 chained dollars (Updated April 2017) 3-3 U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Attributed to Transportation Functions (Updated April 2016) 3-4 U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Attributed to Transportation Functions- 2009 chained dollars (Updated April 2016) 3-5 U.S. Gross Domestic Demand (GDD) Attributed to Transportation Functions (Updated April 2016) 3-6 U.S. Gross Domestic Demand (GDD) Attributed to Transportation Functions- 2009 chained dollars (Updated April 2016) 3-7 Contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Selected Industries (Updated April 2016) 3-8 Contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Selected Industries- 2009 chained dollars (Updated April 2016) 3-9 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Major Social Function (Updated April 2016) 3-10 National Transportation and Economic Trends (Updated April 2017)

SECTION B. TRANSPORTATION AND CONSUMER EXPENDITURES 3-11 Sales Price of Transportation Fuel to End-Users (Updated October 2016) 3-12 Price Trends of Gasoline v. Other Consumer Goods and Services (Updated April 2017) 3-13 Producer Price Indices for Transportation Services and Warehousing Services (NAICS) (Updated July 2017) 3-14 Producer Price Indices for Transportation Equipment, NAICS Basis (Updated July 2017) 3-15 Personal Expenditures by Category (Updated April 2016) 3-16 Personal Consumption Expenditures on Transportation by Subcategory (Updated April 2016) 3-17 Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile (Updated October 2016) 3-18 Average Passenger Fares (Current dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-19 Average Passenger Fares (Chained 2009 dollars) (Updated October 2016) SECTION C. TRANSPORTATION REVENUES, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY 3-20 Average Passenger Revenue per Passenger-Mile (Updated April 2017) 3-21 Average Freight Revenue per Ton-Mile (Updated April 2016) 3-22 Total Operating Revenues (Updated January 2014) 3-23 Employment in For-Hire Transportation and Selected Transportation-Related Industries (NAICS) (Updated April 2016) 3-24 Employment in Transportation and Transportation-Related Occupations (Updated April 2016) 3-25 Average Wage and Salary Accruals per Full-Time Equivalent Employee by Transportation Industry (NAICS) (Updated July 2017) 3-26 Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers in Transportation by Detailed Occupation (1998 Standard Occupational Classification [SOC] basis) (Updated April 2015) 3-27 Total Wage and Salary Accruals by Transportation Industry (NAICS) (Updated July 2017) 3-28 Labor Productivity Indices for Selected Transportation Industries (NAICS) (Updated October 2016) SECTION D. GOVERNMENT FINANCE 3-29 Federal, State, and Local Government Transportation-Related Revenues and Expenditures, Fiscal Year (Current dollars) (October 2016) 3-30 Federal, State, and Local Government Transportation-Related Revenues and Expenditures, Fiscal Year (Chained 1996 dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-31 Summary of Transportation Revenues and Expenditures from Own Funds and User (Updated October 2016) 3-32 Transportation Revenues by Mode and Level of Government, Fiscal Year (Current dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-33 Transportation Revenues by Mode and Level of Government, Fiscal Year (Chained 1996 dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-34 Cash Balances of the Transportation-Related Federal Trust Funds, Fiscal Year (Updated October 2016)

3-35 Transportation Expenditures by Mode and Level of Government From Own Funds, Fiscal Year (Current dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-36 Transportation Expenditures by Mode and Level of Government From Own Funds, Fiscal Year (Chained 1996 dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-37 Federal Transportation Grants to State and Local Governments by Mode, Fiscal Year (Current dollars) (Updated October 2016) 3-38 Federal Transportation Grants to State and Local Governments by Mode, Fiscal Year (Chained 1996 dollars) (Updated October 2016) Chapter 4. Transportation, Energy, and the Environment SECTION A. U.S. AND TRANSPORTATION SECTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION 4-1 Overview of U.S. Petroleum Production, Imports, Exports, and Consumption (Updated April 2017) 4-2 U.S. Consumption of Energy from Primary Sources by Sector (Updated April 2017) 4-3 Domestic Demand for Refined Petroleum Products by Sector (Updated July 2017) SECTION B. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY MODE 4-4 U.S. Energy Consumption by the Transportation Sector (Updated July 2017) 4-5 Fuel Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Updated July 2016) 4-6 Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Updated July 2017) 4-7 Domestic Demand for Gasoline by Mode (Updated July 2017) 4-8 Certificated Air Carrier Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-9 Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-10 Estimated Consumption of Alternative and Replacement Fuels for Highway Vehicles (Updated July 2013) 4-11 Light Duty Vehicle, Short Wheel Base and Motorcycle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-12 Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-13 Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Tire or More Truck Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-14 Combination Truck Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-15 Bus Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-16 Transit Industry Electric Power and Primary Energy Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-17 Class I Rail Freight Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2013) 4-18 Amtrak Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated January 2016) 4-19 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source (Updated April 2013) SECTION C. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INTENSITY AND FUEL EFFICIENCY 4-20 Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Updated July 2017) 4-21 Energy Intensity of Certificated Air Carriers, All Services (Updated April 2016) 4-22 Energy Intensity of Passenger Cars, Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicles, and Motorcycles (Updated April 2017)

4-23 Average Fuel Efficiency of U.S. Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (Updated April 2017) 4-24 Energy Intensity of Transit Motor Buses (Updated July 2017) 4-25 Energy Intensity of Class I Railroad Freight Service (Updated July 2017) 4-26 Energy Intensity of Amtrak Services (Updated October 2016) 4-27 Energy Intensity of Amtrak Services (Loss-adjusted conversion factors) (Updated October 2016) 4-28 Annual Wasted Fuel Due to Congestion (Updated January 2016) 4-29 Annual Wasted Fuel per Person (Updated January 2016) SECTION D. AIR POLLUTION 4-30 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Vehicles 4-31 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Light Duty Trucks (Category LDT1) (Grams per mile) 4-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Light Duty Trucks (Category LDT2) (Grams per mile) 4-33 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Light Duty Trucks (Category LDT3) (Grams per mile) 4-34 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Light Duty Trucks (Category LDT4) (Grams per mile) 4-35 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasolineand Diesel-Powered Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles (MDPV) 4-36 Federal Exhaust Emissions Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy-Duty Trucks (Grams per brake horsepower-hour) 4-37 Federal Exhaust Emissions Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Heavy Heavy-Duty Trucks (Grams per brake horsepower-hour) 4-38 Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for Newly Manufactured Motorcycles 4-39 Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for Newly Manufactured and In-Use Aircraft Engines 4-40 Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for Locomotives 4-41 Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for Newly Manufactured Marine Spark- Ignition Outboard, Personal Watercraft, and Jet-Boat Engines 4-42 Tier 2 Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for Newly Manufactured Commercial Marine Compression-Ignition Engines (Updated January 2010) 4-43 Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type Using Gasoline and Diesel (Updated July 2010) 4-44 Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type Using Reformulated Gasoline and Diesel (Updated January 2010) 4-45 Estimated National Emissions of Carbon Monoxide (Updated April 2017) 4-46 Estimated National Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (Updated April 2017) 4-47 Estimated National Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (Updated April 2017) 4-48 Estimated National Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-10) (Updated April 2017) 4-49 Estimated National Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) (Updated April 2017) 4-50 Estimated National Emissions of Sulfur Dioxide (Updated April 2017)

4-51 Air Pollution Trends in Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Updated January 2012) 4-52 Areas in Nonattainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants (Updated April 2007) 4-53 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use by Sector (Updated April 2012) SECTION E. WATER POLLUTION, NOISE, AND SOLID WASTE 4-54 Petroleum Oil Spills Impacting Navigable U.S. Waters (Updated April 2016) 4-55 Leaking Underground Storage Tank Releases and Cleanups (Updated April 2017) 4-56 Highway Noise Barrier Construction (Updated October 2016) 4-57 Number of People Residing in High Noise Areas around U.S. Airports (Updated April 2015) 4-58 Motor Vehicles Scrapped (Updated April 2016) Appendix A. Metric Conversion Tables 1-1M System Kilometers Within the United States (Updated April 2017) 1-4M Kilometers of Public Roads and Streets in the United States by Type of Surface (Updated July 2017) 1-6M Estimated U.S. Roadway Lane-Kilometers by Functional System (Updated July 2017) 1-35M U.S. Vehicle-Kilometers (Updated April 2017) 1-36M Roadway Vehicle-Kilometers Traveled (VKT) and VKT per Lane-Kilometers by Functional Class (Updated July 2017) 1-38M Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Updated April 2016) 1-40M U.S. Passenger-Kilometers (Updated April 2017) 1-49M Table has been discontinued 1-50M U.S. Tonne-Kilometers of Freight (BTS Special Tabulation) (Updated July 2017) 1-56M U.S. Waterborne Freight (Updated October 2016) 1-61M Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Transported in the United States by Mode (Updated April 2011) 4-3M Domestic Demand for Refined Petroleum Products by Sector (Updated July 2017) 4-5M Fuel Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Updated July 2016) 4-6M Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation (Updated July 2017) 4-7M Domestic Demand for Gasoline by Mode (Updated July 2017) 4-8M Certificated Air Carrier Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-9M Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-11M Passenger Car and Motorcycle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-12M Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-13M Single-Unit 2-Axle 6-Tire or More Truck Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-14M Combination Truck Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-15M Bus Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-16M Transit Industry Electric Power and Primary Energy Consumption and Travel (Updated July 2017) 4-17M Class I Rail Freight Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated October 2011) 4-18M Amtrak Fuel Consumption and Travel (Updated January 2016)

4-19M U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source (Updated April 2013) 4-20M Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Updated July 2017) 4-21M Energy Intensity of Certificated Air Carriers, All Services (Updated April 2016) 4-22M Energy Intensity of Passenger Cars, Other 2-Axle 4-Tire Vehicles, and Motorcycles (Updated April 2017) 4-23M Average Fuel Efficiency of U.S. Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (Updated April 2017) 4-24M Energy Intensiveness of Transit Motor Buses (Updated July 2017) 4-25M Energy Intensity of Class I Railroad Freight Service (Updated July 2017) Appendix B. Glossary Appendix C. List of Acronyms and Initialisms Appendix D. Modal Profiles Air Carrier Profile (Updated April 2008) General Aviation Profile (Updated October 2016) Highway Profile (Updated October 2016) Automobile Profile (Updated September 2009) Truck Profile (Updated July 2011) Bus Profile (Updated October 2016) Transit Profile (Updated July 2011) Rail Profile (Updated April 2011) Water Transport Profile (Updated July 2011) Oil Pipeline Profile (Updated October 2011) Natural Gas Pipeline Profile (Updated October 2011) Appendix E. Data Source and Accuracy Statements

Introduction Compiled and published by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), National Transportation Statistics presents information on the U.S. transportation system, including its physical components, safety record, economic performance, energy use, and environmental impacts. National Transportation Statistics is a companion document to the Transportation Statistics Annual Report, which analyzes some of the data presented here, and State Transportation Statistics, which presents statelevel data on many of the same topics presented here. The report has four chapters: Chapter 1 provides data on the extent, condition, use, and performance of the physical transportation network. Chapter 2 details transportation's safety record, giving data on accidents, crashes, fatalities, and injuries for each transportation mode and hazardous materials. Chapter 3 focuses on the relationship between transportation and the economy, presenting data on transportation's contribution to the gross domestic product, employment by industry and occupation, and transportation-related consumer and government expenditures. Chapter 4 presents data on transportation energy use and transportation-related environmental impacts. Appendix A contains metric conversions of select tables. BTS obtained the data in this report from many sources, including federal government agencies, private industry, and associations. Documents cited as sources for the tables provide detailed information about definitions, methodologies, and statistical reliability. Some of the data are based on samples and are subject to sampling variability. National Transportation Statistics is updated quarterly at www.bts.gov.

Table A: Social and Economic Characteristics of the United States 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (R) 2012 (R) 2013 (R) 2014 2015 TOTAL U.S. resident population a (thousands) 227,225 237,924 249,464 262,803 265,229 267,784 270,248 272,691 282,162 284,969 287,625 290,108 292,805 295,517 298,380 301,231 304,094 306,772 309,347 311,722 314,112 316,498 318,857 316,515 Population by Age (thousands) Under 18 63,683 62,624 64,177 68,555 69,109 69,603 69,903 70,199 72,376 72,671 72,936 73,101 73,298 73,524 73,758 74,019 74,105 74,134 74,123 73,917 73,712 73,610 73,584 73,684 18-24 years 30,103 28,902 26,835 25,112 24,843 24,980 25,476 26,011 27,315 27,993 28,481 28,917 29,302 29,442 29,603 29,808 30,194 30,530 30,767 31,094 31,397 31,534 31,464 31,369 25-34 37,429 41,697 43,148 40,730 40,246 39,559 38,743 37,936 39,804 39,472 39,350 39,244 39,267 39,259 39,395 39,713 40,207 40,723 41,215 41,820 42,330 42,902 43,517 42,882 35-44 25,805 31,691 37,777 42,555 43,365 44,014 44,498 44,813 45,169 45,052 44,641 44,154 43,800 43,506 43,244 42,796 42,192 41,488 40,986 40,672 40,575 40,539 40,513 40,652 45-54 22,743 22,459 25,194 31,100 32,358 33,625 34,575 35,802 37,999 39,386 39,992 40,820 41,630 42,496 43,286 43,940 44,460 44,867 44,991 44,761 44,318 43,846 43,459 43,896 55-64 21,754 22,135 21,093 21,132 21,353 21,816 22,666 23,389 24,429 25,105 26,703 28,009 29,305 30,641 31,930 33,128 34,157 35,406 36,786 38,090 38,615 39,343 40,078 39,418 65 and over 25,707 28,416 31,241 33,619 33,957 34,185 34,385 34,540 35,070 35,290 35,522 35,864 36,203 36,650 37,164 37,826 38,778 39,623 40,479 41,367 43,165 44,723 46,243 44,615 Population by Sex a (thousands) Male 110,399 115,730 121,626 128,294 129,504 130,783 132,030 133,277 138,443 139,891 141,231 142,429 143,828 145,197 146,647 148,065 149,490 150,807 152,089 153,295 154,529 155,741 156,936 155,734 Female 116,826 122,194 127,838 134,510 135,724 137,001 138,218 139,414 143,719 145,077 146,395 147,679 148,977 150,320 151,733 153,166 154,604 155,964 157,258 158,427 159,584 160,756 161,921 160,781 Population in Metropolitan areas b,c (thousands) 177,000 U 198,000 210,000 212,000 214,000 216,417 218,607 233,791 236,676 239,295 241,702 244,265 246,815 249,394 252,181 254,813 257,355 (R)263,044 (R)265,421 267,857 270,231 272,736 275,083 Large (over 1 million) 119,000 U 139,000 147,000 149,000 151,000 153,143 155,905 149,757 151,843 154,596 156,164 157,802 159,424 159,921 163,742 166,565 168,350 (R)168,923 (R)170,662 173,443 175,214 178,063 179,875 Medium (250,000-999,999) 41,000 U 41,000 44,000 44,000 43,000 43,366 42,680 56,190 57,034 56,643 56,979 58,123 58,780 61,057 60,481 60,034 61,063 (R)65,757 (R)66,253 65,494 66,218 65,729 66,545 Small (less than 250,000) 17,000 U 18,000 19,000 19,000 20,000 19,908 20,022 27,843 27,799 28,055 28,559 28,341 28,611 28,416 27,958 28,214 27,942 (R)28,364 (R)28,506 28,423 28,799 28,944 28,663 Population in Micropolitan areas b (thousands) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29,189 29,261 29,374 29,488 29,634 29,784 30,010 30,186 30,339 30,450 (R)27,169 (R)27,195 27,216 27,218 27,233 27,261 Population in Rural / Urban d areas (thousands) Rural 59,495 U 61,656 U U U U U 59,061 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Urban 167,051 U 187,053 U U U U U 222,361 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Population in Regions a (thousands) Northeast 49,183.0 49,869.0 50,875.6 51,443.9 51,520.3 51,591.3 51,685.7 51,830.0 53,667.5 53,930.0 54,167.7 54,364.5 54,514.3 54,598.2 54,710.0 54,879.4 55,060.2 (R)55,284 (R)55,388 (R)55,633 55,829.1 55,988.8 56,116.8 56,184.7 South 75,721.0 81,409.0 85,731.7 91,777.7 92,947.2 94,176.8 95,348.8 96,468.5 100,559.9 101,868.6 103,185.0 104,431.6 105,874.0 107,411.0 108,930.8 110,573.4 112,021.0 (R)113,318 (R)114,863 (R)116,062 117,299.2 118,424.3 119,696.3 121,039.2 Midwest 58,901.2 58,820.0 59,765.4 61,991.9 62,371.5 62,675.5 62,950.5 63,242.3 64,494.0 64,815.4 65,074.7 65,319.0 65,587.7 65,806.4 66,082.1 66,359.2 66,595.6 (R)66,837 (R)66,979 (R)67,153 67,332.3 67,543.9 67,726.4 67,838.4 West 43,419.4 47,827.0 53,091.6 57,589.7 58,389.6 59,340.0 60,263.0 61,150.1 63,450.6 64,467.5 65,376.4 66,211.3 67,069.7 67,937.5 68,870.3 69,767.9 70,698.0 (R)71,568 (R)72,118 (R)72,815 73,537.8 74,247.9 75,024.0 75,834.3 Number of Immigrants admitted e 524,295 568,149 1,535,872 720,177 915,560 797,847 653,206 644,787 841,002 1,058,902 1,059,356 703,542 957,883 1,122,257 1,266,129 1,052,415 1,107,126 1,130,818 1,042,625 1,062,040 1,031,631 990,553 1,016,518 1,051,031 Total area f (square miles) 3,618,770 U 3,717,796 U U U U U 3,794,083 U U U U U U U U U 3,796,742 U U U U U Gross domestic product (chained $ 2009 billions) g 5,839.0 6,849.3 8,027.1 9,086.0 9,425.8 11,034.9 11,525.9 12,065.9 12,559.7 12,682.2 12,908.8 13,271.1 13,773.5 14,234.2 14,613.8 14,873.7 14,830.4 14,418.7 14,783.8 15,020.6 15,354.6 15,612.2 15,982.3 16,397.2 Government, total U U 1,403.7 1,422.9 1,429.2 1,797.0 1,818.5 1,840.5 1,876.2 1,893.1 1,927.7 1,950.7 1,968.4 1,985.2 1,996.7 2,017.7 2,054.6 2,065.8 2,079.8 2,071.7 2,067.4 2,050.6 2,045.3 2,053.3 Private industry, total U U 6,761.7 7,738.3 8,073.2 9,423.9 9,873.6 10,385.9 10,826.2 10,927.0 11,120.2 11,432.2 11,886.2 12,311.1 12,678.6 12,873.1 12,760.2 12,353.0 12,650.2 12,871.7 13,169.0 13,408.9 13,754.4 14,144.3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting U U 76.4 75.7 84.3 91.0 87.6 92.1 105.8 100.4 104.2 114.2 121.4 127.2 132.4 114.3 122.0 137.7 140.3 134.0 123.0 143.9 143.0 146.5 Mining U U 251.5 275.9 257.0 236.7 248.6 237.3 210.7 246.5 242.2 216.1 214.1 212.9 235.7 251.3 254.2 290.3 272.7 290.1 320.3 341.9 376.2 392.0 Utilities U U 196.8 211.3 209.4 266.9 254.6 297.9 304.0 257.6 262.7 255.0 267.2 250.6 264.2 267.4 269.7 250.8 274.4 277.9 276.9 274.6 268.5 264.4 Construction U U 519.3 540.4 569.5 686.8 715.5 741.3 768.9 755.4 731.5 744.4 770.5 772.8 753.5 725.1 662.2 577.3 551.6 548.6 569.2 584.9 594.8 623.9 Manufacturing U U 919.2 1,079.7 1,114.2 1,365.1 1,431.1 1,509.4 1,603.3 1,538.5 1,553.7 1,632.1 1,737.5 1,776.7 1,864.9 1,924.8 1,869.1 1,726.7 1,818.2 1,823.2 1,828.9 1,865.0 1,883.1 1,912.0 Wholesale trade U U 309.7 383.8 419.2 620.1 672.3 697.8 740.7 754.2 757.0 802.0 845.7 889.6 923.3 954.4 943.4 822.8 848.3 866.0 891.0 919.5 954.5 983.6 Retail trade U U 450.8 558.8 610.4 672.0 735.2 759.7 782.7 804.7 835.0 882.7 895.4 925.0 929.8 904.1 866.4 842.1 862.1 867.5 883.6 909.4 934.9 969.4 Transportation and warehousing U U 203.8 263.2 277.6 357.4 370.4 373.8 379.9 354.5 343.2 357.1 392.2 414.4 439.9 434.4 433.9 398.8 421.4 436.5 439.7 444.8 450.0 445.8 Information U U 250.1 305.2 324.4 373.8 409.2 455.2 444.7 470.0 515.4 529.4 588.0 620.4 635.6 697.3 732.0 705.3 735.1 736.1 744.5 793.0 794.6 854.5 Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing U U 1,598.2 1,809.1 1,851.7 1,975.7 2,069.1 2,211.3 2,325.7 2,475.1 2,505.8 2,535.6 2,573.8 2,743.3 2,815.6 2,866.6 2,762.9 2,874.0 2,925.4 2,986.1 3,069.3 3,048.7 3,142.9 3,189.0 Professional and business services U U 878.2 958.7 1,024.7 1,224.1 1,279.5 1,337.9 1,410.8 1,447.1 1,468.9 1,508.7 1,547.4 1,612.5 1,658.2 1,701.2 1,777.8 1,661.1 1,718.0 1,782.9 1,856.1 1,879.6 1,955.7 2,039.2 Educational services, health care, and social assistance U U 700.5 756.1 764.8 869.0 875.8 898.8 922.4 946.1 984.5 1,017.5 1,057.7 1,075.8 1,117.3 1,128.0 1,187.8 1,214.0 1,220.5 1,239.8 1,263.3 1,279.3 1,303.9 1,354.4 Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services U U 323.6 357.4 372.5 457.1 467.7 493.0 520.9 504.4 517.4 533.3 557.5 559.3 572.1 572.8 558.7 522.3 541.3 562.5 576.3 590.2 606.3 623.4 Other services, except government U U 294.2 322.5 325.4 376.8 391.9 394.7 403.5 363.4 373.3 361.7 367.3 368.6 370.1 360.9 347.4 329.5 323.9 322.7 329.6 327.0 333.9 339.6 Total civilian labor force (thousands) 106,940 115,461 125,840 132,304 133,943 136,297 137,673 139,368 142,583 143,734 144,863 146,510 147,401 149,320 151,428 153,124 154,287 154,142 153,889 153,617 154,975 155,389 155,922 157,130 Participation rate of men (percent) 77.4 76.3 76.4 75.0 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.7 74.8 74.4 74.1 73.5 73.3 73.3 73.5 73.2 73.0 72.0 71.2 70.5 70.2 69.7 69.2 69.1 Participation rate of women (percent) 51.5 54.5 57.5 58.9 59.3 59.8 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.8 59.6 59.5 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.5 59.2 58.6 58.1 57.7 57.2 57.0 56.7 Number of households (thousands) 80,776 86,789 93,347 98,990 99,627 101,018 102,528 103,874 104,705 108,209 109,297 111,278 112,000 113,343 114,384 116,011 116,783 117,181 117,538 119,927 121,084 122,459 123,229 124,587 Average size of households 2.76 2.69 2.63 2.65 2.65 2.64 2.62 2.61 2.62 2.58 2.58 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.56 2.56 2.57 2.59 2.56 2.55 2.54 2.54 2.54 Median household income h (constant $ 2009) 43,920 44,928 47,691 47,674 48,345 49,340 51,155 52,422 52,314 51,174 50,576 50,533 50,357 50,896 51,293 51,981 (R)50,128 (R)49,777 (R)48,492 (R)47,752 47,675 49,358 48,628 51,160 Mean household income h (constant $ 2009) 52,234 55,290 59,572 62,869 64,188 66,256 68,216 70,506 71,181 70,538 68,993 68,904 68,680 69,592 70,840 69,962 (R)68,186 (R)67,976 (R)66,319 (R)66,472 66,604 69,261 68,639 71,751 Average household expenditures h (constant $ 2009) U 44,684 45,203 45,138 46,036 46,425 46,747 47,654 47,399 47,889 48,511 47,615 49,290 50,987 51,503 51,365 50,311 49,067 (R)47,343 (R)47,419 48,072 47,069 48,481 50,673 KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised; U = data are not available. a Estimates are as of July 1 for each year. The numbers for each sub-category in each year may not add up to the total population due to rounding.

b New metropolitan area definitions were published by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2003. These definitions were applied to population data by the Census Bureau beginning with the data from the 2000 Census. A new term, core based statistical areas (CBSAs), collectively refers to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. A metropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. A micropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urban cluster of more than 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhabitants. All geographic boundaries for the July 1, 2009 population estimates series are defined as of January 1, 2009. The Office of Management and Budget's statistical area definitions for metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, as well as metropolitan divisions, are those issued by that agency in November 2008. The estimates for 2010-12 are based on the 2010 Census and reflect changes to the April 1, 2010 population due to the Count Question Resolution program and geographic program revisions. The Office of Management and Budget's statistical area delineations for metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area well as metropolitan divisions, are those issued by that agency in February 2013. c Numbers prior to 1999 are estimated to the nearest million. d As of April 1 of year indicated. The Census Bureau only tabulates urban / rural numbers for the decennial census years. e Fiscal year ending September 30. f The Census Bureau calculates square mileage comprising land and water area for the decennial census years. Data for 1980 comprises land and inland water. Data for 1990 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, and coastal water. Data for 2000 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, territorial water, and coastal water. g Sums of chained-dollar estimates for individual industries do not add to national totals because the chain-type indices used to derive them are based on weights of more than one period. h Converted to constant 2009 dollars by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics using the CPI-U-RS price index. SOURCES U.S. resident population, age, sex, region: 1980-2014: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Population Estimates, available at http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html as of Nov. 2, 2015. 2015: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Population Estimates, available at https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2016/demo/popest/nation-total.html as of Mar. 15, 2017. U.S. metropolitan areas, micropolitan areas: 1980-2009: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Population Estimates, available at http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html as of Nov. 2, 2015. 2010-15: U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Datasets. Available at https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2015/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html as of Mar. 15, 2017. Rural / urban: 1980-90: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 37. 2000-15: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2012, table 29, available at https://www.census.gov/library/publications/time-series/statistical_abstracts.html as of Mar. 14, 2017. Immigrants: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 1, available at http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics/ as of Mar. 14, 2017. Total area: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2012, table 1, available at https://www.census.gov/library/publications/time-series/statistical_abstracts.html as of Mar. 14, 2017. Gross domestic product, Government, and Private industry: 1980-85: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,National Economic Accounts, National Income and Product Accounts Table, table 1.1.6, available at http://www.bea.gov/national/index.htm as of Aug. 30, 2010. 1990-96: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Industry Economic Accounts, Gross-Domestic-Product-by-Industry Accounts, Real Value Added by Industry, available at http://www.bea.gov/industry/index.htm as of Jul. 29, 2013. 1997-2015: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Industry Economic Accounts, Gross-Domestic-Product-by-Industry Accounts, Real Value Added by Industry, available at http://www.bea.gov/industry/index.htm as of Mar. 8, 2017. Civilian labor force: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,Current Population Survey, Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, Household Date, 1 and A-2, available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/tables.htm#empstat as of Mar. 14, 2017. Number of households and average size of households: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,Current Population Survey, Table HH-6, Average Population Per Household and Family: 1944 to Present, available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/households.html as of Mar. 14, 2017. Mean and Median household income: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,Current Population Survey, Historical Income Tables, table H-6. Regions--All Races by Median and Mean Income: 1975 to 2015, available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/ as of Mar. 14, 2017. Average household expenditures: U.S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, Average Annual Expenditures, All Consumer Units, available at http://www.bls.gov/cex/ as of Mar. 14, 2017.

Chapter 1 The Transportation System Section A Physical Extent

Table 1-1: System Mileage Within the United States (Statute miles) 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Highway a 3,545,693 3,689,666 3,730,082 3,838,146 3,859,837 3,863,912 3,866,926 3,883,920 3,901,081 3,905,211 3,906,595 3,912,226 3,919,652 3,945,872 3,906,290 3,917,243 3,936,222 Class I rail b,c 207,334 199,798 196,479 191,520 164,822 145,764 119,758 116,626 113,056 110,425 109,332 108,264 105,779 102,128 100,570 99,430 99,250 Amtrak c N N N N 24,000 24,000 24,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 24,000 25,000 25,000 22,000 23,000 23,000 Transit d Commuter rail c N N N N N 3,574 4,132 4,038 4,013 4,090 4,090 4,160 3,682 4,417 5,172 5,191 5,209 Heavy rail N N N N N 1,293 1,351 1,369 1,403 1,452 1,455 1,458 1,478 1,527 1,527 1,540 1,558 Light rail e N N N N N 384 483 551 558 537 562 568 638 659 676 802 834 Navigable channels f 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Oil pipeline g,h U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Gas pipeline i U U U U U 1,315,017 1,546,955 1,560,633 1,536,382 1,612,973 1,739,152 1,700,449 1,694,925 1,734,443 1,818,184 1,764,724 1,788,100 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Highway a 3,948,335 3,966,485 3,974,107 3,981,512 3,995,635 4,016,741 4,032,126 4,042,778 4,050,717 4,067,077 4,077,756 4,092,730 4,115,462 4,177,073 4,154,727 Class I rail b,c 97,817 100,125 99,126 97,662 95,664 94,801 94,313 94,082 93,921 95,573 95,387 (R) 95,391 95,235 94,372 93,628 Amtrak c 23,000 23,000 22,675 22,256 22,007 21,708 21,708 21,178 21,178 21,178 21,225 (R) 21,334 21,356 21,356 21,358 Transit d Commuter rail c 5,209 6,831 6,809 6,875 7,118 6,972 7,135 7,261 7,561 7,630 7,576 7,722 7,731 7,795 U Heavy rail 1,572 1,572 1,597 1,596 1,622 1,623 1,623 1,623 1,623 1,617 1,617 1,622 1,622 1,622 U Light rail e 897 960 996 1,187 1,188 1,280 1,341 1,397 1,477 1,497 1,740 1,724 1,836 1,877 U Navigable channels f 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Oil pipeline g,h 158,248 160,990 159,889 166,669 166,760 166,719 169,846 173,789 175,965 181,986 183,580 186,221 (R) 192,412 199,659 208,616 Gas pipeline i 1,838,359 1,899,845 1,872,748 1,925,748 1,962,351 (R) 2,022,474 (R) 2,025,731 (R) 2,075,191 (R) 2,086,689 (R) 2,102,366 (R) 2,121,217 (R) 2,137,866 (R) 2,149,697 2,169,254 2,190,494 KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available. a All public road and street mileage in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. For years prior to 1980, some miles of nonpublic roadways are included. No consistent data on private road mileage are available. Beginning in 1998, approximately 43,000 miles of Bureau of Land Management Roads are excluded. 2010 Missouri and Wyoming's data are 2009. b Data represent miles of road owned (aggregate length of road, excluding yard tracks, sidings, and parallel lines). c Portions of Class I freight railroads, Amtrak, and Commuter rail networks share common trackage. Amtrak data represent miles of road operated. d Transit system length is measured in directional route-miles. Directional route-miles are the distance in each direction over which public transportation vehicles travel while in revenue service. Directional route-miles are computed with regard to direction of service, but without regard to the number of traffic lanes or rail tracks existing in the right-of-way. Beginning in 2002, directional route-mileage data for the Commuter and Light rail modes include purchased transportation. 2005 and later years directional route-mileage data for the Heavy rail mode include purchased transportation. e Beginning in 2011, Light rail includes Light Rail, Street Car Rail, and Hybrid Rail. f These are estimated sums of all domestic waterways which include rivers, bays, channels, and the inner route of the Southeast Alaskan Islands, but does not include the Great Lakes or deep ocean traffic. The Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center monitored 12,612 miles as commercially significant inland shallow-draft waterways in 2001. Beginning in 2007, waterways connecting lakes and the St. Lawrence seaway inside the U.S. are included. g The large drop in mileage between 2000 and 2001 is due to a change in the source of the data. CO 2 or other is excluded for 2004 to 2008. h Includes trunk and gathering lines for crude-oil pipeline. i Data not adjusted to common diameter equivalent. Mileage as of the end of each year. Data includes gathering, transmission, and distribution mains. Prior to 1985 data also include field lines. See table 1-10 for a more detailed breakout of Oil and Gas pipeline mileage. Length data reported in Gas Facts prior to 1985 was taken from the American Gas Association's member survey, the Uniform Statistical Report, supplemented with estimates for companies that did not participate. Gas Facts length data is now based on information reported to the U.S. Department of Transportation on Form 7100. Since data for 1985 and later years are obtained from the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration, data for these years are not comparable with prior years or with numbers published in the previous NTS reports. NOTE Eno Transportation Foundation has discontinued its oil pipeline data for years prior to 2001. SOURCES Highway: 1960-95: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table HM-212. 1996-2015: Ibid., Highway Statistics, table HM-20, (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 28, 2017. Class I rail: 1960-2012: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), page 3, and similar tables in earlier editions. 2013-2015: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), page 9, and similar tables in earlier editions. Amtrak: 1980: Amtrak, Corporate Planning and Development, personal communication (Washington, DC). 1985-2001: Amtrak, Corporate Planning and Development, Amtrak Annual Report, Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual Issues). 2002-15: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), page 77, and similar tables in earlier editions. Transit: 1985-95: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), available at http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram as of Nov. 16, 2009. 1996-2014: Ibid., National Transit Database (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 23 and similar tables in earlier edition, available at https://www.transit.dot.gov/ntd/data-product/2010-table-23-transit-way-mileage-rail-modes as of Mar. 28, 2016. Navigable channels: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, http://www.usace.army.mil/missions/civil-works/navigation/ as of Mar. 28, 2017. Oil pipeline: 2001-03: U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline Statistics, available at http://ops.dot.gov/stats.htm as of May 22, 2009. 2004-15: U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline Statistics, available at http://ops.dot.gov/stats.htm as of Mar. 28, 2017. Gas pipeline: 1960-80: American Gas Association, Gas Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 5-1 and similar tables in earlier editions, personal communication, May 07, 2009.

Table 1-2: Number of Air Carriers, Railroads, Interstate Motor Carriers, Marine Vessel Operators, and Pipeline Operators 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Air carriers a N N 39 36 63 102 70 96 96 96 96 94 91 87 83 72 80 85 87 87 88 76 77 76 73 71 67 63 Major air carriers N N N N N 13 14 11 12 13 13 13 15 15 15 14 15 17 21 22 22 23 21 19 18 20 20 18 Other air carriers N N N N N 89 56 85 84 83 83 81 76 72 68 58 65 68 66 65 66 53 56 57 55 51 47 45 Railroads 607 568 517 477 480 500 530 541 553 550 559 555 560 571 552 549 556 560 559 563 565 563 565 567 574 U U U Class I railroads 106 76 71 73 39 25 14 11 10 9 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Other railroads 501 492 446 404 441 475 516 530 543 541 550 546 552 563 545 542 549 553 552 556 558 556 558 560 567 U U U Interstate motor carriers b U U U U U U 216,000 346,000 379,000 417,000 477,486 517,297 560,393 592,909 600,104 674,314 677,317 679,744 692,789 711,792 715,011 726,928 739,421 742,762 759,612 771,168 720,764 746,142 Marine vessel operators c U U U U U U U 1,381 1,348 1,311 1,235 1,174 1,114 1,063 877 798 767 733 682 707 652 628 603 584 570 553 532 U Pipeline operators d N N 1,123 1,682 2,243 2,163 2,198 2,367 2,327 2,281 2,236 2,238 2,157 2,135 2,186 2,216 2,278 2,332 (R) 2,382 (R) 2,401 (R) 2,372 (R) 2,392 (R) 2,387 (R) 2,456 2,536 2,604 2,657 2,644 Hazardous liquid e N N N N N 171 171 197 205 216 219 215 220 220 217 234 282 308 338 343 350 361 (R) 380 (R) 394 414 442 459 482 Natural gas transmission f N N 420 432 474 724 866 975 971 957 889 885 844 837 920 948 947 976 1,005 1,013 998 1,042 (R) 1,042 (R) 1,098 1,137 1,172 1,203 1,206 Natural gas distribution g N N 938 1,500 1,932 1,485 1,382 1,444 1,397 1,365 1,375 1,393 1,363 1,341 1,331 1,311 1,375 1,390 (R) 1,391 (R) 1,399 (R) 1,377 (R) 1,350 (R) 1,334 (R) 1,346 1,369 1,382 1,379 1,354 KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available. a Carrier groups are categorized based on their annual operating revenues as major, national, large regional, and medium regional. The thresholds were last adjusted July 1, 1999, and the threshold for Major air carriers is currently $1 billion. The Other air carrier category contains all national, large regional, and medium regional air carriers. Beginning in 2003, regional air carriers are not required to report financial data which may result in under reporting of Other carriers in this table. b 1960-2005 figures are for the fiscal year, October through September. 2006-09 figures are snapshots dated Dec. 22, 2006; Dec. 21, 2007; Dec. 19, 2008, and Dec. 18, 2009. 2010 figure is the U.S. DOT number of active interstate motor carriers as of the end of December 2010. The numbers of Interstate motor carriers are based on 'active' U.S. DOT Numbers. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration deletes motor carriers from the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) when they receive an official notice of a change in status. However, some companies may go out of business without de-activating their U.S. DOT Number. As a result, inactive carriers may be included in the MCMIS. c The printed source materials do not contain totals for the number of operators, and data files from which the figures can be determined are not available prior to 1993. d There is some overlap among the operators for the pipeline modes. Therefore the total number of Pipeline operators is lower than the sum for the three pipeline modes. e The value given for 1985 is actually for 1986. The number of Hazardous liquid pipeline operators is not available for prior years. f Natural gas transmission numbers also include gas gathering counts as well. g In 1975 and 1980, Natural gas distribution includes master meter and mobile home park natural gas distribution operators. A master meter system is a pipeline system for distributing gas within, but not limited to, a definable area, such as a mobile home park, housing project, or apartment complex, where the operator purchases metered gas from an outside source for resale through a gas distribution pipeline system. The gas distribution pipeline system supplies the ultimate consumer who either purchases the gas directly through a meter or by other means, such as by rents. SOURCES Air carriers: 1960-2002: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Financial Statistics Quarterly (Washington, DC: Fourth quarter issues), "Alphabetical List of Air Carriers by Carrier Group". 2003-15: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Accounting and Reporting Directives, All Carrier Groupings (Washington, DC), available at http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/subject_areas/airline_information/accounting_and_reporting_directives/index.html as of Sept. 15, 2016. Railroads: 1960-85: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Ten-Year Trends, Vol. 2 (Washington, DC), table I-2. 1990-98: Ibid., Vol. 16 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 10. 1999-2012: Ibid., Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), p. 3. 2013-15: AAR currently does not have enough people in the department to conduct the survey necessary to have data for the non-class I railroads. Interstate motor carriers: 1990-2001: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Motor Carrier Management Information System, and personal communication, Nov. 6, 2001. 2002-12: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Analysis and Information Online, available at http://ai.volpe.dot.gov/mcspa.asp as of June 4, 2004, and personal communication, January 2007, January 2010, January 2011, January 2012, and November 2013. 2013-15: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, available at https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/sms/tools/reports.aspx as of Sept. 19, 2016. Marine vessel operators: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Transportation Lines of the United States, Volume 1, National Summaries (New Orleans, LA: Annual Issues), table 13, available at http://www.navigationdatacenter.us/veslchar/veslchar.htm as of September 2016. Pipeline operators: U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Pipeline Safety Office, Gas Distribution Systems, Gas Transmission & Gathering Systems and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Systems Annual Reporting, personal communication, September 2009, January 2011, January 2012, November 2013, and September 2016.